Scientia Agricultura Sinica ›› 2019, Vol. 52 ›› Issue (16): 2800-2808.doi: 10.3864/j.issn.0578-1752.2019.16.006

• PLANT PROTECTION • Previous Articles     Next Articles

Status of Major Diseases and Insect Pests of Potato and Pesticide Usage in China

XU Jin1,ZHU JieHua2,YANG YanLi3,TANG Hao4,Lü HePing5,FAN MingShou6,SHI Ying7,DONG DaoFeng8,WANG GuiJiang9,WANG WanXing10,XIONG XingYao10,GAO YuLin1,11()   

  1. 1 State Key Laboratory for Biology of Plant Diseases and Insect Pests, Institute of Plant Protection, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100193
    2 College of Plant Protection, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding 071000, Hebei
    3 College of Plant Protection, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming 650201
    4 Crop Research Institute, Fujian Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Fuzhou 350013
    5 Institute of Potato, Gansu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lanzhou 730070
    6 College of Agronomy, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, Hohhot 010019
    7 College of Agriculture, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030
    8 Institute of Vegetables and Flowers, Shandong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Ji'nan 250100
    9 Heilongjiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin 150086
    10 Institute of Vegetables and Flowers, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081
    11 National Center of Excellence for Tuber and Root Crop Research, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081
  • Received:2019-05-30 Accepted:2019-06-25 Online:2019-08-16 Published:2019-08-21
  • Contact: YuLin GAO E-mail:gaoyulin@caas.cn

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Abstract:

As the fourth important staple crop just after rice, maize and wheat, potato plays a crucial role in food security, poverty alleviation, cropping structure adjustment and transformation and updating of agriculture in China. The total harvested area and production of potato in China rank first in the world. However, the yield is much lower than the average level of the world due to a variety of diseases and insect pests of potato. With the support of National Key Research and Development Program of China, the major diseases and insect pests as well as pesticide use in potato production were surveyed in the six main production areas. Twenty-seven major potato pests were found in China. Six diseases (i.e. late blight, early blight, black scurf, Fusarium wilt, potato black leg and potato common scab) and six insect pests (i.e. wireworms, chafer grubs, aphids, twenty-eight spot lady beetle, potato tuber moth and thrips) were proposed to be listed as the most important management target in all the production areas. Moreover, more attention should be paid to prevent and control of bacterial wilt, ring rot and powdery scab. On the basis of census data, the average number of pesticide application and usage per unit area of potato in China were 17 and 40.03 kg·hm -2, which were higher than the national average level of 4.16 and 3.49 kg·hm -2. The control target of current registered pesticides did not cover many increasingly severe potato pests, such as bacterial wilt, common scab, powdery scab, and so on. Adoption and spread of integrated pest management (IPM) were proposed to be the most important strategy for reducing pesticide use and costs in potato production. To make scientific pest-management and pesticide reduction strategy, a potato pest early warning system should be developed based on rapid, sensitive and reliable detection and monitoring method. As host plant resistance is the economically feasible options for pests managing, it is important to improve potato resistant variety breeding and application, optimize variety layout. Development and promotion of high-efficient pesticide application technology and environmentally friendly alternatives to chemicals are the core drivers to realize chemical pesticide reduction.

Key words: potato (Solanum tubersom), diseases and insect pests, pesticide reduction

Fig. 1

Comparison and analysis of the yield of potato in China, the United States, Europe and the world from 2008 to 2017 (Date source: FAO)"

Table 1

Major diseases and insect pests in different potato production areas in China"

病害种类Disease 虫害种类Insect pest
东北区
Northeast China		 晚疫病（Late blight）、早疫病（Early blight）、病毒病（Virus）、疮痂病（Common scab）、黑胫病（Black leg）、环腐病（Ring rot）、黑痣病（Black scurf）、干腐病（Dry rot） 蚜虫（Aphid）、二十八星瓢虫（Twenty-eight spot lady beetle）、双斑萤叶甲（Double spotted leaf beetle）、蝽象（Stinkbug）、金针虫（Wireworm）、蝼蛄（Mole cricket）
西北区
Northwest China		 晚疫病（Late blight）、早疫病（Early blight）、黑痣病（Black scurf）、枯萎病（Fusarium rot）、叶斑病（Leaf spot）、黑胫病（Black leg）、环腐病（Ring rot）、软腐病（Soft rot）、疮痂病（Common scab） 蛴螬（Grub）、金针虫（Wireworm）、蚜虫（Aphid）、地老虎（Cutworm）、二十八星瓢虫（Twenty-eight spot lady beetle）、马铃薯块茎蛾（Potato tuber moth）、马铃薯甲虫（Colorado potato beetle）
华北区
North China		 早疫病（Early blight）、晚疫病（Late blight）、黑痣病（Black scurf）、黑胫病（Black leg）、枯萎病（Fusarium rot）、青枯病（Bacterial wilt）、环腐病（Ring rot）、黑胫病（Black leg）、干腐病（Dry rot）、粉痂病（Powdery scab） 蚜虫（Aphid）、二十八星瓢虫（Twenty-eight spot lady beetle）、蛴螬（Grub）、金针虫（Wireworm）、地老虎（Cutworm）、蓟马（Thrips）
西南区
Southwest China		 晚疫病（Late blight）、早疫病（Early blight）、白粉病（Powdery mildew）、青枯病（Bacterial wilt）、粉痂病（Powdery scab）、病毒病（Virus）、疮痂病（Common scab）、黑痣病（Black scurf）、黑胫病（Black leg）、环腐病（Ring rot） 地老虎（Cutworm）、蚜虫（Aphid）、蚧壳虫（Scale insect）、蛴螬（Grub）、马铃薯块茎蛾（Potato tuber moth）、潜叶蝇（Leaf miner）、蓟马（Thrips）
华南区
South China		 早疫病（Early blight）、晚疫病（Late blight）、青枯病（Bacterial wilt）、环腐病（Ring rot）、疮痂病（Common scab）、黑胫病（Black leg）、病毒病（Virus）、炭疽病（Anthracnose） 地老虎（Cutworm）、蛴螬（Grub）、蚜虫（Aphid）、二十八星瓢虫（Twenty-eight spot lady beetle）、马铃薯块茎蛾（Potato tuber moth）、粉虱（Whitefly）、蓟马（Thrips）
中原区
Middle China		 早疫病（Early blight）、晚疫病（Late blight）、六月病（June disease）、黑胫病（Black leg）、炭疽病（Anthracnose）、病毒病（Virus）、黑痣病（Black scurf）、青枯病（Bacterial wilt） 地老虎（Cutworm）、蚜虫（Aphid）、蛴螬（Grub）、蓟马（Thrips）、蝼蛄（Mole cricket）、金针虫（Wireworm）、菜青虫（Cabbbage caterpillar）、茶黄螨（Yellow tea mite）

Fig. 2

Comparative date on pesticide use per unit area in China, the United States, Europe and the world from 2007 to 2016 (Date source: FAO)"

Fig. 3

Status of number of pesticide application and usage per unit area in different potato production areas in China"

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