Scientia Agricultura Sinica ›› 2018, Vol. 51 ›› Issue (10): 1845-1854.doi: 10.3864/j.issn.0578-1752.2018.10.004

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• TILLAGE & CULTIVATION·PHYSIOLOGY & BIOCHEMISTRY·AGRICULTURE INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY • Previous Articles     Next Articles

Research Progress of Maize Lodging During Late Stage

Jun XUE1(), KeRu WANG1, RuiZhi XIE1, Ling GOU2, WangFeng ZHANG2, Bo MING1, Peng HOU1, ShaoKun LI2()   

  1. 1Institute of Crop Science, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences/Key Laboratory of Crop Physiology and Ecology, Ministry of Agriculture, Beijing 100081
    2College of Agronomy, Shihezi University/Key Laboratory of Oasis Eco-agriculture, Xinjiang Production and Construction Corps, Shihezi 832000, Xinjiang
  • Received:2017-11-07 Accepted:2018-01-17 Online:2018-05-16 Published:2018-05-16

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Abstract:

Lodging is a common problem during maize production. Maize harvested at physiological maturity stage in traditional maize production. Previous researches about maize lodging also focused on stalk development process and some stage before the physiological maturation. There was less lodging research after physiological maturity. Mechanical grain harvest usually was carried out two to four weeks after the physiological maturity. Lodging made mechanical grain harvest become difficulty and increased harvest costs, and it also increased grain losses and decreased the grain quality. Maize lodging was a limiting factor in application of mechanical grain harvest technology. This paper reviewed the physiological changes in the maize senescence process and the influences factors on maize lodging, and proposed the measures and suggestions about improving maize lodging resistance during mid and late stage. Analysis showed that, natural senescence of maize from physiological maturity to harvest decreased activity of leaves, stalk and root, and made all of stalk moisture, water-soluble carbohydrate content, hemicellulose content and total structural carbohydrate content decline. These resulted in cell wall thinning, cell gap widening, and stalk strength and disease resistance decrease. The enzymatic activity of PAL, POD and PPO was low, which made the disease resistance decline. The stalk rot pathogen produced cell wall degrading enzymes to decompose cellulose and collapse the cells in stalk. The fungal hyphae flew through the plasma membrane and entered into epidermis cell, cortex and vascular bundle tissue. The stalk rot then increased the speed of stalk dehydration and drying shrinkage, and degraded the pith tissue. Maize stalk became hollow, softening and rot. This decreased stalk quality. Higher grain and full mechanization technologies required high population and delayed harvest to grain dehydration in the field. These accelerated and extension the aging process of maize, further decreased the stalk quality and disease resistance, and increased the lodging risk of maize after physiological maturity. In order to resolve the lodging problem and to accelerate development and promotion of maize mechanical grain harvest technology in China, we suggested that: (1) Theoretical research of maize lodging during late stage should be strengthened; (2) Germplasm creation should be strengthened to breed new maize cultivars with early-maturity, density-tolerant, high rate of grain dehydration, and strong stress resistance; (3) Common methods should be developed to obtain high-quality maize populations and reduce lodging during late stage including constructing a high-quality plow layer, suitable cultivars for grain mechanical harvest, rational close planting, scientific irrigation and fertilization, application of plant growth regulators, and insect-disease prevention; (4) Integration countermeasures should also be established according to ecological conditions in different maize regions.

Fig. 1

The structural changes of cell wall by maize stalk rot [21]"

Fig. 2

Effects of maize senescence and stalk rot on stalk strength and lodging"

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