山东省辣椒炭疽病病原菌的鉴定及高效防治药剂的筛选

doi:10.3864/j.issn.0578-1752.2017.08.009

Abstract

Abstract: 【Objective】The objective of this study is to identify the pathogen species of pepper anthracnose in major pepper growing areas in Shandong Province, and to screen the highly effective fungicides by inhibitory activity test in vitro and relative control efficacy trials on detached pepper fruits inoculated with conidial suspension. 【Method】 The isolates of pepper anthracnose were collected from the major pepper producing areas in Jining, Heze, Weifang, Taian and Dezhou. After isolation and purification, the isolates were identified by using the methods of morphological characteristics analysis, its pathogenicity test on detached pepper fruits and molecular diagnostics. Morphology parameters mainly include the colony and conidial morphology, conidial size. The internal transcribed spacer (ITS) rDNA region of the four typical isolates was amplified by using the fungal universal primers ITS4 and ITS5, and then the amplified product was recycled and sequenced. MEGA 5.1 was used to generate phylogenetic tree to confirm the pathogen species. The inhibitory activity in vitro of 11 fungicides to Colletotrichum acutatum isolate was determined by the inhibition of the 11 fungicides against mycelial growth and spore germination of the pathogen. Control efficacies of the selected fungicides against pepper anthracnose were determined on the detached pepper fruits.【Result】All of the twenty-seven isolates exhibited similar morphology, which produced white to pale grey colonies. The oval conidia were single-celled with a sub-cute end, (7.48-14.69) μm × (2.52-5.64) μm in size. Both of the mature and immature pepper fruits with or without wound could be infected by this pathogen, and disease spot expanded rapidly on wounded pepper fruits. Typical symptom of pepper anthracnose was sunken and necrotic lesion that covered with massive orange conidia. The rDNA-ITS sequence length of the four representative isolates was 562, 541, 557 and 553 bp (GenBank Accession No KX830854-KX830857), respectively. Phylogenetic tree analysis indicated that the four representative isolates and C. acutatum were divided into one group, and the bootstrap value was 100%. The inhibitory activity test in vitro indicated that pyraclostrobin, fludioxonil, and pyrisoxazole exhibited strong inhibitory activity against mycelial growth and spore germination of C. acutatum. Moreover, pyraclostrobin, fludioxonil and pyrisoxazole at the dose of 400 μg·mL^-1 also showed high preventive and curative activity against C. acutatum on detached pepper fruits, with the efficacy greater than 60%, which showed significantly higher efficacy than the preventive and curative activity of azoxystrobin.【Conclusion】 The major pathogenic fungus of pepper anthracnose in Shandong Province was identified as C. acutatum. Pyraclostrobin, fludioxonil and pyrisoxazole showed excellent inhibitory activity against C. acutatum both in vitro and in vivo, make these fungicides become potential candidates for the control of pepper anthracnose in the field.

Key words: pepper anthracnose, Colletotrichum acutatum, fungicides, inhibitory activity in vitro, control efficacy

GAO YangYang, HE LiFei, LI BeiXing, LIN Jin, MU Wei, LIU Feng. Identification of the Pathogen Causing Pepper Anthracnose in Shandong Province and Screening of Highly Effective Fungicides[J].Scientia Agricultura Sinica, 2017, 50(8): 1452-1464.

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