小麦赤霉病抗性机理研究进展

doi:10.3864/j.issn.0578-1752.2016.08.005

Abstract

Abstract: Fusarium head blight (FHB) is one of the most important diseases of wheat worldwide, which poses a serious threat to wheat production and food safety. According to the form of wheat resistance to FHB, the resistance types can be divided into five categories: resistance against initial infection (Type I), resistance to pathogen spreading in infected tissue (Type II), resistance to kernel infection(Type III), tolerance(Type Ⅳ) and resistance to toxins in ears by decomposing them(Type V). Resistance mechanism types are usually classified into either morphological or physiological, and the morphological resistance mechanism is synonymous with passive. Wheat morphological characteristics including plant height, heading date and flowering duration, anther extrusion, presence or absence of awns, ear length and density, flower opening width and waxy surfaces on ear tissue may be related to resistance against initial infection. Cytological studies showed that the resistant varieties infected by pathogen can make rapidly defense response by the cell structure, physiological and biochemical responses. The formation of thick-layered appositions and papillae and the increase of lignin, thionins, hydroxyproline-rich glycoproteins and hydrolytic enzymes are cooperated to resist the pathogen development in the resistant varieties. In the complex plant signaling pathways, three signaling pathways including salicylic acid (SA), jasmonic acid (SA) and ethylene (ET) play the most important role in the antifungal response of plant. The role of SA and ET signaling pathways in wheat resistance to FHB is still in controversy, and the positive role of JA signaling pathway has been confirmed by most of the researchers. So far, it is found that more than 200 FHB resistance quantitative trait loci (QTLs) are distributed on all 21 wheat chromosomes, among them 22 QTLs were mapped by different mapping populations, including two stable Type I sites Fhb1 and Fhb2 locating on chromosome 3BS and 6BS, respectively, and two stable Type II sites Fhb3 and Fhb4 locating on chromosome 4B and 5A, respectively. When infected by the plant will produce a series of complex signaling pathway to activate resistant response, and induce the expression of defense-related genes, thereby causing protein and metabolic changes to resist the invasion of pathogen. Studies have indicated that the pathogenesis-related genes, antimicrobial peptide genes, transcription factor genes, detoxification-related genes and other FHB resistance genes are involved in the process of wheat resistance to FHB. In the future, major genes controlling FHB resistance can be cloned by map-based cloning technology, and based on genome-wide association studies and various omics techniques, the mechanism of wheat FHB resistance will be studied on whole genome and gene regulatory network level. This paper can provide a reference for the related research on resistance mechanism to FHB in wheat.

Key words: wheat; fusarium head blight, QTL location, plant signal, resistance genes

LIU Yi-ke, TONG Han-wen, ZHU Zhan-wang, CHEN Ling, ZOU Juan, ZHANG Yu-qing, GAO Chun-bao. Progress in Research on Mechanism of Resistance to Fusarium Head Blight in Wheat[J].Scientia Agricultura Sinica, 2016, 49(8): 1476-1488.

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Progress in Research on Mechanism of Resistance to Fusarium Head Blight in Wheat

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