超级杂交籼稻抗倒能力比较及其对氮素的响应

doi:10.3864/j.issn.0578-1752.2015.14.003

Abstract

Abstract: 【Objective】 Experiments were conducted with two super-hybrid rice varieties which have a big difference in lodging resistance. The main objective of this study was to reveal the mechanisms of the divergence of lodging resistance and effects of nitrogen on rice lodging resistance between super-hybrid rice varieties. Results of the study will provide a theoretical basis for breeding and nitrogen management for high yield of rice. 【Method】 Experiments were conducted with super-hybrid rice Yliangyou2 which is strong in lodging resistance and Ⅱyou084 which is weak in lodging resistance to compare their difference in lodging resistance between the two varieties and study the effects of nitrogen on rice morphological, mechanical and physiological traits. In 2012, 0, 150, and 300 kg N·hm^-2were applied. In 2013, 135, 270, and 405 kg N·hm^-2 were arranged. 【Result】 The yield of Yliangyou2 reached 11.7 t·hm^-2, 9.45% higher than IIyou084. This was mainly attributed to the higher number of spikelets per panicle and spikelets per hectare, which were 28.0% and 31.8% higher than IIyou084, relatively. The lodging index of Yliangyou2 reduced significantly at mature stage, 19.0% higher than IIyou084. This was because the disadvantage of the culm diameter of Yliangyou2 was compensated by the decreased length of the basal internode, thickened stem wall and significant increased dry weight per unit length of leaf sheath. For Yliangyou2, although there was no significant advantage in dry weight per unit length of culm, high structural carbohydrate content lead to the significant increasing of the lodging resistance. With the nitrogen increasing, the lodging index of the super-hybrid indica rice increased significantly as the reduction of the bending moment at breaking. The quality of the stem at heading stage was deteriorated with the excessive nitrogen fertilizer, as a result, the mechanical strength of stem dropped with the dry weight per unit length of basal leaf sheath. In addition, the lignin content of basal stem significantly decreased, which increased the risk of lodging. The breaking resistance of IIyou084 decreased greatly at the lowest nitrogen level, even lower than that of Yliangyou2 at highest nitrogen level, which caused significant reduction of lodging index. With the nitrogen increasing, although the apparent lodging rate of IIyou084 had the tendency of increase, but not significant, the yield decreased obviously.【Conclusion】For the purpose of increasing the lodging resistance of super-hybrid indica rice varieties, it would be favorable to compensate the decrease in culm diameter with increasing wall thickness and shortening the length of basal internode, enhance the protection and support to the culm with increasing the filling degree of leaf sheath. Nitrogen reduced the lodging resistance of super-hybrid indica rice mainly through decreasing the dry weight per unit length of leaf sheath and the content of the structural carbohydrates, especially the content of lignin, in the basal internode.

WU Xiao-ran, ZHANG Wu-jun, WU Long-mei, WENG Fei, LI Gang-hua, LIU Zheng-hui, TANG She, DING Cheng-qiang, WANG Shao-hua, DING Yan-feng. Characteristics of Lodging Resistance of Super-Hybrid Indica Rice and Its Response to Nitrogen[J].Scientia Agricultura Sinica, 2015, 48(14): 2705-2717.

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