湖南省典型红壤区不同土地利用方式农田土壤碳氮磷化学计量比特征

doi:10.3864/j.issn.0578-1752.2026.11.010

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

【目的】土壤养分化学计量比是表征农田生态系统养分循环和元素平衡状态的关键指标，本文以湖南省典型红壤区为研究对象，探究不同土地利用方式对土壤碳氮磷化学计量特征的影响，进而揭示红壤区土壤养分变化规律，明确区域土壤养分限制类型与程度。【方法】选取湖南省从北向南5个县15对相邻水田、水旱轮作田和旱地耕层土壤，探究其碳氮磷化学计量比特征。【结果】相对于旱地土壤，水田和水旱轮作田土壤具有较高的有机碳、全氮含量以及土壤酶C﹕N（E_C:N），较低的土壤C﹕N和微生物生物量C﹕N（MBC:MBN）比值，表明水田和水旱轮作田土壤氮素供应能力和有机碳矿化潜势相对较高。同时，水田具有较低的土壤全磷和速效磷含量以及土壤酶C﹕P（E_C:P）和酶N﹕P（E_N:P），较高的土壤C﹕P、N﹕P、AN﹕AP、微生物生物量C﹕P（MBC:MBP）和微生物生物量N﹕P（MBN:MBP），表明水田土壤磷素供应相对缺乏。然而，水旱轮作田并未显著改变土壤全磷含量以及E_C:P和E_N:P，但速效磷含量较低，暗示了水旱轮作在一定程度上能促进土壤全磷积累，而其有效性较低。通过相关性和冗余分析表明，有机碳、全氮和全磷是红壤区耕地土壤、微生物生物量和胞外酶碳氮磷化学计量比的关键影响因子。【结论】在湖南省典型红壤区，相对于旱地，水田和水旱轮作田土壤氮素供应相对充足，其有机碳本身矿化潜势高易被矿化，而淹水环境可能是其保持较高有机碳含量的主要原因；水旱轮作田土壤全磷含量相对较高，但其有效性有待提升。

关键词: 典型红壤区, 土地利用方式, 土壤养分化学计量比, 微生物生物量, 酶活性

Abstract:

【Objective】Soil nutrient stoichiometric ratios are key indicators for characterizing nutrient cycling and element balance in farmland ecosystems. Taking typical red soil regions in Hunan Province as the research subject, this study explores the effects of different land use patterns on soil C, N and P stoichiometric characteristics, further reveals the variation rules of soil nutrients in red soil areas, and clarifies the types and degrees of regional soil nutrient limitation. 【Method】This study selected plow layer soils from 15 pairs of adjacent paddy, paddy-upland rotation, and upland across five counties from north to south in Hunan Province, China, to explore the stoichiometric ratios of C, N, and P.【Result】Compared with upland soils, paddy and paddy-upland rotation had higher soil organic carbon (SOC) and total nitrogen (TN) content, and enzyme activity C:N ratio (E_C:N), as well as lower C:N and microbial biomass C:N ratio (MBC:MBN), indicating relatively higher N supply capacity and organic C mineralization potential. Meanwhile, paddy exhibited lower total phosphorus (TP) and available phosphorus (AP) content, enzyme activity C:P ratio (E_C:P) and enzyme activity N:P ratio (E_N:P), but higher C:P, N:P, AN:AP, microbial biomass C:P ratio (MBC:MBP) and microbial biomass N:P ratio (MBN:MBP), suggesting relatively insufficient P supply. However, paddy-upland rotation did not significantly alter soil TP content or E_C:Pand E_N:Pratio. Nevertheless, the relatively low content of AP suggests that paddy-upland rotation could, to a certain extent, promote the accumulation of total soil phosphorus, while the availability of such phosphorus remained low. The analysis of correlation and redundancy showed that soil organic carbon, total nitrogen, and total phosphorus were key influencing factors for the stoichiometric ratios of C, N, and P in cultivated soil, microbial biomass, and extracellular enzymes in red soil regions.【Conclusion】In summary, in typical red soil regions of Hunan Province, paddy and paddy-upland rotation had relatively sufficient N supply, with high potential for organic carbon mineralization (which is easily mineralized). The flooded environment might be the main reason for maintaining their relatively high organic carbon content. The total phosphorus content in paddy-upland rotation fields was relatively high, yet its availability needed to be improved.

Key words: typical red soil regions, land use patterns, soil nutrient stoichiometric ratios, microbial biomass, enzyme activities

林娇, 牟廷森, 陈俊, 李想, 袁思雨, 刘乐, 张振华, 夏银行. 湖南省典型红壤区不同土地利用方式农田土壤碳氮磷化学计量比特征[J]. 中国农业科学, 2026, 59(11): 2434-2446.

LIN Jiao, MOU TingSen, CHEN Jun, LI Xiang, YUAN SiYu, LIU Le, ZHANG ZhenHua, XIA YinHang. The Characteristics of Stoichiometric Ratios of Carbon, Nitrogen and Phosphorus in Farmland Soils Under Different Land Use Patterns in Typical Red Soil Regions of Hunan Province[J]. Scientia Agricultura Sinica, 2026, 59(11): 2434-2446.

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类型 Type	季节 Season	施肥量Fertilizer application rate (kg·hm^-2)
类型 Type	季节 Season	N	P₂O₅	K₂O
水田 Paddy	水稻季 Rice season	150-180	60-84	105-129
水旱轮作 Paddy-upland rotation	水稻季 Rice season	150-180	60-84	105-129
水旱轮作 Paddy-upland rotation	油菜季 Rapeseed season	120-150	45-60	75-90
旱地 Upland	玉米季 Corn season	160-240	90-120	70-100
	大豆季 Soybean season	30-60	20-45	40-60
	花生季 Peanut season	50-80	45-60	50-70
	油菜季 Rapeseed season	120-150	45-60	75-90

名称Name		类型Type
β-1,4-葡萄糖苷酶, BG	4-Methylumbelliferyl β-D-glucopyranoside	碳循环相关酶 C-cycling-enzyme
β-1,4-木糖苷酶, BX	4-Methylumbelliferyl β-D-xylopyranoside	碳循环相关酶C-cycling-enzyme
β-1,4-N-乙酰氨基葡萄糖苷酶, NAG	4-Methylumbelliferyl N-acetyl-β-D-glucosaminide	氮循环相关酶 N-cycling-enzyme
亮氨酸氨基肽酶, LAP	L-Leucine-7-amido-4-methylcoumarin hydrochloride	氮循环相关酶N-cycling-enzyme
碱性磷酸酶, ALP	4-Methylumbelliferyl phosphate	磷循环相关酶P-cycling-enzyme