我国作物栽培学与耕作学研究的进展与展望

doi:10.3864/j.issn.0578-1752.2026.10.004

中国农业科学 ›› 2026, Vol. 59 ›› Issue (10): 2109-2122.doi: 10.3864/j.issn.0578-1752.2026.10.004

• 耕作栽培·生理生化·农业信息技术 • 上一篇下一篇

我国作物栽培学与耕作学研究的进展与展望

曾昭海¹^,²(), 周文彬³, 柴强⁴, 孙占祥⁵, 张吉旺⁶

¹ 中国农业大学农学院玉米生物育种全国重点实验室，北京 100193
² 中国农业大学农学院农业农村部农作制度重点实验室，北京 100193
³ 中国农业科学院作物科学研究所，北京 100081
⁴ 甘肃农业大学农学院，兰州 730070
⁵ 辽宁省农业科学院耕作栽培研究所，沈阳 110161
⁶ 山东农业大学农学院，山东泰安 271018

收稿日期:2025-10-10 接受日期:2026-03-31 出版日期:2026-05-16 发布日期:2026-05-20
联系方式: 曾昭海，E-mail：zengzhaohai@cau.edu.cn
基金资助:
国家自然科学基金(32172125); 国家自然科学基金(422073880); 农业农村部与财政部国家现代农业产业技术体系建设专项(CARS-07-B-5)

Progress and Prospects of Crop Cultivation and Farming System in China

ZENG ZhaoHai¹^,²(), ZHOU WenBin³, CHAI Qiang⁴, SUN ZhanXiang⁵, ZHANG JiWang⁶

¹ State Key Laboratory of Maize Bio-Breeding, College of Agronomy and Biotechnology, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193
² Key Laboratory of Farming System, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs of China, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193
³ Institute of Crop Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081
⁴ College of Agronomy, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou 730070
⁵ Tillage and Cultivation Research Institute, Liaoning Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shenyang 110161
⁶ Agronomy College of Shandong Agricultural University, Taian 271018, Shandong

Received:2025-10-10 Accepted:2026-03-31 Published:2026-05-16 Online:2026-05-20

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

在人口持续增长和收入水平稳步提高的驱动下，粮食需求呈刚性增长态势，而气候变化与资源环境约束对粮食产能提升构成严峻挑战。作物栽培学与耕作学是农业科学的核心骨干学科，其构建的理论、研发的技术与模式不仅能显著提升粮食产能，还能有效提高资源利用效率、推动实现农业可持续发展，在粮食安全与生态安全协同发展方面发挥着不可替代的作用。本文系统归纳了作物栽培学与耕作学学科内涵与理论支撑，梳理了作物栽培学与耕作学学科技术体系演变特征，明确了该学科在保障国家粮食安全、提升作物单产、改善农产品品质与营养、驱动品种改良创新及推动农业绿色发展等方面的重要作用，深入剖析了制约学科发展的关键因素，包括长期稳定支持不足、现行评价体系削弱学科影响力、人才队伍短缺、学科特色优势发掘不足、技术进展显示度偏低以及学科研究体系与前沿技术融合不够等问题。在全球气候变化背景下，国家新增千亿斤粮食产能战略的实施、农业社会化服务体系的完善和多学科交叉融合带来的技术创新，为本学科发展提供了重大机遇。本文创新性提出“五位一体”的学科建设路径：（1）强化基础研究——依托平台建设设置长期定位联网观测试验，夯实学科基础研究；（2）融合理论技术——深度融合前沿理论与新技术，丰富学科内涵；（3）攻坚关键技术——面向国家战略需求研发与集成核心技术，提升学科贡献；（4）加速成果转化——推进技术产品化进程，扩大学科影响力；（5）构建人才体系——构建可持续发展的人才培养机制，厚植学科发展根基。本文为作物栽培与耕作学科的转型发展提供了理论框架和实现路径。

关键词: 作物栽培与耕作, 学科发展, 粮食安全, 生态高效, 智慧农业

Abstract:

Global population growth and rising incomes are driving sustained increases in food demand, while climate change and resource constraints impose severe challenges on production capacity. As a core discipline of agricultural science, “crop cultivation and farming system” develops theories, technologies, and patterns that not only significantly increase yields, but also improve resource use efficiency, and promote sustainable agriculture, playing a pivotal role in balancing food security with ecological protection. This study synthesizes the system’s conceptual foundations, theoretical framework, and the evolutionary trajectory of its technical structure. It highlights major contributions to securing national food supplies, increasing yield potential, improving product quality and nutrition, stimulating varietal innovation, and promoting sustainable agricultural development. The system’s development is hindered by insufficient long-term institutional support, evaluation regimes that dilute disciplinary influence, acute talent shortages, underexploited distinctive strengths, low visibility of technological advances, and limited integration with frontier technologies. In response to climate change, China has opened unprecedented opportunities for the discipline by expanding grain capacity by more than 50 million metric tons, upgrading agricultural socialized service systems, and catalyzing cross-disciplinary innovation. To capitalize on these opportunities, a “Five-sphere Integrated Plan” development pathway is proposed: (1) Strengthen basic research via long-term, networked field observatories; (2) Integrate theory and technology to enrich disciplinary content; (3) Tackle mission-critical technologies aligned with national strategies; (4) Accelerate translation through productization and scaling to expand impact; (5) Build a sustainable talent-training system. This framework provides strategic guidance for the transformation and advancement of the crop cultivation and farming system.

Key words: crop cultivation and farming system, disciplinary development, food security, eco-efficiency, smart agriculture

曾昭海, 周文彬, 柴强, 孙占祥, 张吉旺. 我国作物栽培学与耕作学研究的进展与展望[J]. 中国农业科学, 2026, 59(10): 2109-2122.

ZENG ZhaoHai, ZHOU WenBin, CHAI Qiang, SUN ZhanXiang, ZHANG JiWang. Progress and Prospects of Crop Cultivation and Farming System in China[J]. Scientia Agricultura Sinica, 2026, 59(10): 2109-2122.

图/表 2

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我国作物栽培学与耕作学研究的进展与展望

Progress and Prospects of Crop Cultivation and Farming System in China

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