高效三甲胺脱除菌株的筛选及生长条件优化

doi:10.3864/j.issn.0578-1752.2026.08.014

中国农业科学 ›› 2026, Vol. 59 ›› Issue (8): 1797-1808.doi: 10.3864/j.issn.0578-1752.2026.08.014

高效三甲胺脱除菌株的筛选及生长条件优化

刘雨晴¹(), 张璐¹, 李建杰¹, 杨海通¹, 宋连杰², 李伯森³, 高玉红¹^,^*(), 张会文³, 孙新胜⁴^,^*()

¹ 河北农业大学动物科技学院，河北保定 071000
² 承德市农林科学院，河北承德 067000
³ 承德市兽药管理站，河北承德 067000
⁴ 河北农业大学信息与技术学院，河北保定 071000

收稿日期:2025-05-21 接受日期:2026-03-30 出版日期:2026-04-16 发布日期:2026-04-21
通信作者:
高玉红，E-mail：gyhsxs0209@126.com。
孙新胜，E-mail：2002444908@sohu.com
联系方式: 刘雨晴，Tel：15832391785；E-mail：747934131@qq.com。
基金资助:
河北省重点研发计划(22326603D); 河北省羊产业技术体系(HBCT2024250403); 承德市科技计划(202404B041)

Isolation of Efficient Trimethylamine-Removing Strains and Optimization of Growth Conditions

LIU YuQing¹(), ZHANG Lu¹, LI JianJie¹, YANG HaiTong¹, SONG LianJie², LI BoSen³, GAO YuHong¹^,^*(), ZHANG HuiWen³, SUN XinSheng⁴^,^*()

¹ College of Animal Science and Technology, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding 071000, Hebei
² Chengde Academy of Agriculture and Forestry, Chengde 067000, Hebei
³ Chengde Veterinary Drug Administration, Chengde 067000, Hebei
⁴ College of Information and Technology, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding 071000, Hebei

Received:2025-05-21 Accepted:2026-03-30 Published:2026-04-16 Online:2026-04-21

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

【背景】三甲胺（trimethylamine，TMA）作为典型的含氮胺类有机污染物，是养殖业臭气污染的主要贡献气体之一。该物质为具有鱼腥臭味的有害气体，其恶臭强烈，不仅造成养殖区域的点源污染，长期低浓度暴露还会对人类造成潜在的健康风险，近几年已受到人们关注。【目的】通过对采集的畜粪中TMA脱除菌的分离和筛选，得到降解能力强的高效TMA脱除菌，为畜牧养殖中TMA的污染防治研究提供优良菌种。【方法】以猪粪和牛粪作为TMA脱除菌株的分离来源，通过富集培养、分离和纯化及除臭能力测定分离出TMA脱除率高的菌株，并采用形态学观察和16S rRNA基因分析对菌株进行鉴定以确定其菌属特性；在此基础上，进一步探究该菌株在不同pH（5.0、6.0、7.0、8.0 和 9.0）、碳源（木糖、蔗糖、果糖、麦芽糖和葡萄糖）、盐度（0、0.5%、1.0%、1.5% 和 2.0%）和接种量（1%、5%、10%、15% 和 20%）条件下菌株生物量的变化，确定菌株适宜的生长条件；最后对高效菌株的实际除臭效果进行验证，通过检测粪便发酵初期TMA的释放量和脱除率，确定菌株对TMA的脱除能力。【结果】（1）从畜粪中共分离出10株TMA脱除菌株（命名T1—T10），其中菌株T2（枯草芽孢杆菌（Bacillus subtilis））和菌株T3（不动杆菌（Acinetobacter sp.））的TMA脱除率最高，培养48 h的脱除率分别达26.91%和29.59%，显著高于其他8株菌（P<0.05）。（2）不同pH、碳源、盐度和接种量对菌株T2和T3的生长均产生不同影响。菌株T2的适宜生长条件为pH=6.0、碳源=葡萄糖、盐度=0.5%和接种量=1.0% ；T3的适宜生长条件为pH=8.0、碳源=蔗糖、盐度=0.5%和接种量=1.0%。在此条件下菌株生长最快，生物量最大。（3）除臭效果验证试验表明，粪便中添加菌株T2和T3的TMA平均释放量均显著低于对照组（P<0.01），最高除臭率分别达42.65%和39.63%。【结论】分离的枯草芽孢杆菌（T2）和不动杆菌（T3）具有高效脱除TMA能力，在畜禽粪污处理及畜牧养殖污染防治领域具有潜在的利用价值。

关键词: 三甲胺, 臭气, 枯草芽孢杆菌, 不动杆菌, 条件优化

Abstract:

【Background】Trimethylamine (TMA) is a typical nitrogen-containing amine organic pollutant, and one of the main malodorous gases causing odor pollution in animal husbandry. This gas is a harmful gas with a strong fishy odor. It not only causes point-source pollution in farming areas, but also its long-term exposure poses potential health risks to humans, attracting people's attention in recent years. 【Objective】This study aimed to screen high-efficiency TMA-removing strains with strong degradation ability by collecting large amounts of animal manure, for providing excellent strains for the prevention and control of TMA pollution in livestock farming. 【Method】In this study, efficient TMA-removing strains were screened from the manures of pigs and cows by the methods of enrichment culture, isolation, purification, and deodorization ability measurement. Then the strains were identified using morphological observation and 16S rRNA gene analysis to determine their taxonomic characteristics. On this basis, the effects of different pH values (5.0, 6.0, 7.0, 8.0, and 9.0), carbon sources (glucose, sucrose, fructose, maltose, and xylose), salinities (0, 0.5%, 1.0%, 1.5%, and 2.0%), and inoculum concentrations (1%, 5%, 10%, 15%, and 20%) on bacterial biomass were further investigated to define the optimal growth conditions for the strains. Moreover, the actual deodorization effect of the efficient strains was verified by investigating the release concentration and removal rate of TMA during the initial stage of feces fermentation. 【Result】(1) A total of 10 TMA-removing strains, named T1 to T10, were isolated from livestock manure, among which strain T2 (Bacillus subtilis) and strain T3 (Acinetobacter sp.) exhibited the highest removal abilities of TMA. The TMA-removing rates after 48 h of incubation reached 26.91% for T2 and 29.59% for T3, which were higher than those of the other eight strains (P < 0.05). (2) Different pH values, carbon sources, salinities, and inoculum concentrations exerted varying effects on the growth of strains T2 and T3. Optimal growth conditions for T2 were as follows: pH=6.0, glucose as carbon source, 0.5% NaCl, and inoculum concentration of 1%; for T3, pH=8.0, sucrose as carbon source, 0.5% NaCl, and inoculum concentration of 1%. Under these optimal conditions above, the strains exhibited the fastest growth rate and achieved the maximum biomass. (3) The verification test of deodorization effect showed that when the feces were supplemented with T2 or T3, the average release amounts of TMA were lower than those in the control group (P < 0.01), and the highest removal rates reached 42.65% for T1 and 39.63% for T2.【Conclusion】Bacillus subtilis (T2) and Acinetobacter sp. (T3) isolated in this study had a high-efficiency ability to remove TMA, and would possess potential utilization value in the field of livestock manure treatment and control of pollution in animal husbandry.

Key words: trimethylamine, odor, Bacillus subtilis, Acinetobacter sp., condition optimization

刘雨晴, 张璐, 李建杰, 杨海通, 宋连杰, 李伯森, 高玉红, 张会文, 孙新胜. 高效三甲胺脱除菌株的筛选及生长条件优化[J]. 中国农业科学, 2026, 59(8): 1797-1808.

LIU YuQing, ZHANG Lu, LI JianJie, YANG HaiTong, SONG LianJie, LI BoSen, GAO YuHong, ZHANG HuiWen, SUN XinSheng. Isolation of Efficient Trimethylamine-Removing Strains and Optimization of Growth Conditions[J]. Scientia Agricultura Sinica, 2026, 59(8): 1797-1808.

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菌株编号Strain number	菌名Bacterial name	覆盖率Coverage	同源性Homology	序列号Serial number
T2	枯草芽孢杆菌Bacillus subtilis	100%	100%	MT372156.1
T3	不动杆菌Acinetobacter sp.	100%	99.58%	MT757941.1

时间 Time (d)	CK组 CK group (mg·m^-3)	T2组 T2 group (mg·m^-3)	T3组 T3 group (mg·m^-3)
1	4.55±0.028aA	4.16±0.963aB	4.11±0.427aB
2	5.13±0.503aA	3.94±0.530abB	3.09±0.483bB
3	5.92±1.976aA	3.67±0.612abA	3.92±0.651abA
4	5.55±0.595aA	3.15±0.355bB	3.34±0.465abB
5	5.56±0.488aA	3.79±0.233abB	3.61±0.563abB
全期Overall	5.34±0.956A	3.74±0.494B	3.61±0.578B
处理Treatment	<0.01
时间Time	0.53
处理×时间 Treatment×Time	0.19

时间Time (d)	T2组 T2 group (%)	T3组 T3 group (%)
1	8.59±3.012bA	9.66±6.032aA
2	23.06±6.983abA	39.49±8.477aA
3	31.66±8.377abA	27.07±6.572aA
4	42.65±7.252aA	39.63±8.736aA
5	31.54±3.371abA	34.42±4.922aA
全期Overall	27.50±12.650A	30.05±12.490A
处理Treatment	0.64
时间Time	0.02
处理×时间 Treatment×Time	0.76

高效三甲胺脱除菌株的筛选及生长条件优化

Isolation of Efficient Trimethylamine-Removing Strains and Optimization of Growth Conditions

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