中国农业科学 ›› 2025, Vol. 58 ›› Issue (2): 214-237.doi: 10.3864/j.issn.0578-1752.2025.02.002

• 作物遗传育种·种质资源·分子遗传学 • 上一篇    下一篇

耐旱甘薯种质资源的筛选与鉴定

陈永先(), 陈瑞江(), 都艺芝, 术钧捷, 陈晚霞, 赵梓含, 王季春, 杜康(), 张凯()   

  1. 西南大学农学与生物科技学院/薯类生物学与遗传育种重庆市重点实验室/南方山地农业教育部工程中心/重庆市作物种质北碚薯类资源库,重庆 400715
  • 收稿日期:2024-06-29 接受日期:2024-09-18 出版日期:2025-01-21 发布日期:2025-01-21
  • 通信作者:
    杜康,E-mail:
    张凯,Tel:023-68251264;E-mail:
  • 联系方式: 陈永先,E-mail:ChenYX6009@163.com,陈瑞江,E-mail:18387516015@163.com。陈永先和陈瑞江为同等贡献作者
  • 基金资助:
    重庆市技术创新与应用发展专项重点项目(cstc2021jscx-gksbX0022); 重庆市作物种质北碚薯类资源库专项资金(ZWZZ2020005); 重庆市薯类产业技术体系创新团队专项资金

Screening and Identification of Drought-Tolerant Sweet Potato Germplasm Resources

CHEN YongXian(), CHEN RuiJiang(), DU YiZhi, ZHU JunJie, CHEN WanXia, ZHAO ZiHan, WANG JiChun, DU Kang(), ZHANG Kai()   

  1. College of Agronomy and Biotechnology, Southwest University/Chongqing Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Breeding for Tuber and Root Crops/Engineering Research Center of South Upland Agriculture, Ministry of Education/Chongqing Beibei Germplasm Bank of Tuber and Root Crops, Chongqing 400715
  • Received:2024-06-29 Accepted:2024-09-18 Published:2025-01-21 Online:2025-01-21

摘要:

【目的】寻求可精确指征甘薯耐旱性的关键指标和方法,筛选并鉴定耐旱甘薯种质资源,为耐旱甘薯种质资源的快速、准确鉴定提供有效方法,为优质耐旱甘薯品种选育提供材料基础和理论依据。【方法】以54份甘薯种质资源为材料进行干旱胁迫试验。设置干旱胁迫和对照2个处理,结合干旱池栽试验和大田试验,探究干旱胁迫对不同甘薯种质资源的生长发育、生理生化、抗氧化代谢、光合特性及产量等方面的影响,分析不同甘薯种质资源对干旱的响应特点,筛选甘薯耐旱性评价的有效指标;综合主成分分析、相关性分析、耐旱系数直接评价法和隶属函数计算综合耐旱性度量值(D值)法进行耐旱性评价,筛选鉴定耐旱甘薯种质资源。【结果】干旱池栽试验结果表明,干旱处理对不同甘薯种质资源的主茎长、地上部鲜重、地下部干重、块根鲜重的影响均达到极显著水平(P<0.01);通过D值聚类分析筛选出耐旱种质资源8份。大田试验中,与对照相比,不同供试种质资源主茎长、茎粗、分枝数、叶面积指数、叶片相对含水量、叶绿素总量、气孔导度、净光合速率、蒸腾速率、胞间二氧化碳浓度、脯氨酸(Pro)、丙二醛(MAD)、过氧化物酶(POD)、超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)、抗坏血酸过氧化物酶(APX)、过氧化氢酶(CAT)指标在干旱胁迫下呈现极显著差异(P<0.01)。通过建立回归模型,初步确定了叶面积指数、根尖数、叶片POD、叶片APX、块根Pro、块根SOD、块根CAT、产量8个指标可作为甘薯耐旱性的鉴定指标。根据产量耐旱系数法分级,XN18111-1、20XN18-1、XN1834-11、XN17104-46为耐旱种质资源;根据综合耐旱性评价,XN18111-1、20XN18-1、XN1862-61的D值>0.6,耐旱性强。【结论】通过干旱池栽试验综合耐旱性评价、大田试验综合耐旱性评价和产量评价,最终确定XN18111-1、20XN18-1为耐旱种质资源,可作为耐旱品种育种材料或研究甘薯耐旱机制的理想资源材料。

关键词: 甘薯, 种质资源, 耐旱性, 指标, 评价鉴定

Abstract:

【Objective】Seeking key indicators and methods for accurately characterize drought tolerance in sweet potato, and screening and identifying drought-tolerant sweet potato germplasm resources, to provide effective methods for the rapid and accurate identification of drought-tolerant sweet potato germplasm resources, and to provide material and theoretical basis for selection and breeding of high quality and drought-tolerant sweet potato varieties. 【Method】Fifty-four sweet potato germplasm resources were used as materials for drought stress experiments. By using two treatments including drought stress and control, and combining with drought pool cultivation experiment and field test, the effects of drought stress on the growth and development, physiological and biochemical characteristics, antioxidant metabolism, photosynthetic characteristics and yield of different sweet potato germplasm resources were investigated, the response characteristics of different sweet potato germplasm resources to drought were analyzed, and the effective indicators for drought tolerance evaluation in sweet potato were selected. The drought tolerance evaluation was preformed using principal component analysis, correlation analysis, direct evaluation of drought resistance coefficient, and calculation of comprehensive drought tolerance measurement value (D value) based on membership function, and the drought-tolerant sweet potato germplasm resources were screened and identified.【Result】The results obtained from the drought pool cultivation experiment showed the influences of drought treatment on the main stem length, aboveground fresh weight, underground dry weight and fresh weight of storage root were extremely significant (P<0.01), and eight drought-tolerant germplasm resources were screened based on cluster analysis of D values. In the field test, the main stem length, stem diameter, number of branches, leaf area index, leaf relative water content, total chlorophyll content, stomatal conductance, net photosynthetic rate, transpiration rate, intercellular carbon dioxide concentration, proline (Pro), malondialdehyde (MAD), peroxidase (POD), superoxide dismutase (SOD), ascorbate peroxidase (APX), catalase (CAT) showed highly significant differences (P<0.01) under drought stress when compared with control. Through the establishment of regression models, it could be initially determined that eight indicators including the leaf area index, root tip, leaf POD, leaf APX, storage root Pro, storage root SOD, storage root CAT, and yield could be used as indicators for drought tolerance identification in sweet potato. XN18111-1, 20XN18-1, XN1834-11 and XN17104-46 were classified as drought-tolerant germplasm resources according to grading of drought resistance coefficient based on yield. The D values of XN18111-1, 20XN18-1 and XN1862-61 were over 0.6 and showed high drought tolerance based on comprehensive drought tolerance evaluation. 【Conclusion】Based on results of comprehensive drought tolerance evaluation in drought pool cultivation experiment, as well as the comprehensive drought tolerance evaluation and yield evaluation in field test, XN18111-1 and 20XN18-1 were finally identified as drought-tolerant germplasm resources, which can be used as drought-tolerant breeding materials or ideal resource materials for study on drought-tolerance mechanism in sweet potato.

Key words: sweet potato, germplasm resources, drought tolerance, indicator, evaluation and identification