关键词: 畜禽粪便, 同效当量, 有机肥, 替代化肥, 供需平衡, 河南省

Abstract:

【Objective】 This study aimed to determine the reasonable and appropriate amount and proportion of regional livestock and poultry manure nutrient resources to replace chemical fertilizer. The findings would provide valuable insights for mitigating pollution caused by livestock and poultry breeding, promoting efficient and rational use of organic fertilizers derived from livestock and poultry, enhancing fertilizer efficiency, and facilitating agricultural safety production. 【Method】 Following the concept of substituting chemical fertilizer nitrogen (N) with an equivalent amount of livestock and poultry manure organic nitrogen (N), this study conducted a comparative analysis of the total nutrient content of livestock and poultry manure as well as the purification amount of chemical fertilizers applied crops in Henan Province in 2020. It explored the variations in the fertilizer replacement ability of livestock and poultry manure in different cities. 【Result】 (1) In 2020, the yield of livestock and poultry manure in Henan Province was 1.21×10⁸ t, in which the organic nitrogen (N) and organic phosphorus (P₂O₅) nutrient content were 53.16×10⁴ t and 24.57×10⁴ t, respectively, accounting for 29.2% and 28.7% of the total consumption amount of N and P₂O₅ in Henan Province. (2) The actual N application amount on different crop types was as follows: grain crops (109.03×10⁴ t)>vegetables (34.14×10⁴ t)>oil crops (15.04×10⁴ t)>fruit trees (14.77×10⁴ t)>tea trees (2.72×10⁴ t)>cotton (0.19×10⁴ t), among which grain crops and vegetables took a dominated demand of the consumption, accounting for 81.4% of the total N consumption on crops in Henan Province. The actual N application amount in the 8 cities of Zhoukou, Nanyang, Xinyang, Xinxiang, Zhumadian, Shangqiu, Anyang, and Kaifeng was more than 10⁵ t separately, accounting for 74.2% of the total application amount in Henan Province. (3) The organic nitrogen (N) and organic phosphorus (P₂O₅) of livestock and poultry manure in Henan Province were generally in a state of supply and demand balance. For N nutrient supply, it was less than demand only in Xinyang; whereas the supply exceeded demands in the 10 cities of Kaifeng, Luoyang, Hebi, Puyang, Xuchang, Luohe, Sanmenxia, Shangqiu Zhumadian and Jiyuan; and it was in the balance state in all other cities in Henan. Regarding P₂O₅ nutrient supply from livestock and poultry manure, it was less than demand only in Zhengzhou, and the supply exceeded demands in the 6 cities of Hebi, Puyang, Xuchang, Luohe, Sanmenxia and Zhumadian; it achieved a balance between supply and demand in all other cities in Henan. 【Conclusion】 The livestock and poultry manure production was abundant in Henan Province. The organic nitrogen (N) and organic phosphorus (P₂O₅) of livestock and poultry manure in Henan Province were generally in a state of supply and demand balance, and all livestock and poultry manure could be returned to the field as fertilizers, however, there was an imbalance between regional supply and demand spatially. The fertilizer requirement of different crops varies greatly, and the breeding industry should be reasonably distributed according to the scale and structure of crop cultivation, so as to achieve a balance between supply and demand of livestock and poultry manure as a substitute for chemical fertilizer, and to realize the ecological agricultural cycle mode of combining planting and breeding.

Key words: livestock and poultry manure, iso equivalent, organic fertilizer, substitution of chemical fertilizer, supply and demand balance, Henan Province