二氢卟吩铁对小麦渍水胁迫耐性的影响

doi:10.3864/j.issn.0578-1752.2023.10.003

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

【目的】渍水胁迫是影响长江中下游麦区小麦产量提高的主要逆境因子之一。提高小麦耐渍性是实现该区域小麦稳产和增产的重要目标。本研究从植株光合色素含量、光合机构稳定、植株抗氧化能力等角度，明确二氢卟吩铁提高小麦对开花期渍水胁迫耐性的生理机制，为小麦抗渍栽培提供理论和技术支撑。【方法】以扬麦16为材料，通过设置开花期、灌浆期喷施3个浓度（0.0875、0.126、0.194 mmol·L^-1）的二氢卟吩铁，筛选能够显著提高小麦产量的二氢卟吩铁适宜使用时期和浓度，在此基础上研究二氢卟吩铁施用对开花期渍水胁迫下小麦耐性的影响。【结果】与对照相比，不同浓度二氢卟吩铁在开花期喷施对小麦的增产幅度高于灌浆期喷施处理。研究发现开花期喷施浓度为0.126 mmol·L^-1二氢卟吩铁处理（A2）可显著提高小麦花后干物质积累量，通过提高千粒重，增加籽粒产量。基于此探究二氢卟吩铁对小麦耐渍性的影响。开花期渍水胁迫显著降低了小麦叶片叶绿素含量、净光合速率和花后干物质积累量与转运率，导致籽粒产量下降。但在渍水胁迫下与未喷施处理相比，开花期喷施浓度为0.126 mmol·L^-1二氢卟吩铁（AW2）处理表现出较高的光合色素含量、光系统Ⅱ稳定性、净光合速率，并且提高了抗氧化酶活性，降低了O₂^-产生速率、H₂O₂含量，降低了丙二醛含量积累，减轻了渍水胁迫导致的细胞膜脂过氧化伤害，有效缓解了渍水胁迫导致的小麦减产。【结论】开花期喷施0.126 mmol·L^-1二氢卟吩铁可显著提高小麦产量，并通过减缓开花期渍水胁迫下植株衰老进程，减轻对光合机构损伤、增强抗氧化酶活性，减轻细胞膜脂过氧化伤害，提高小麦叶片光合能力，降低了减产幅度，增强小麦对渍水胁迫的耐性。

关键词: 小麦, 渍水胁迫, 二氢卟吩铁, 产量, 叶绿素, 光合速率

Abstract:

【Objective】Waterlogging stress is one of the main limiting factors for wheat production, especially in the middle and lower reaches of the Yangtze River in China. Improving the waterlogging tolerance of wheat is an important goal to achieve stable and increased yield in this region. In this study, by exploring the suitable use period and concentration of phytochlorin iron, its role in improving waterlogging stress tolerance was further evaluated mainly from the perspectives of plant photosynthesis and plant antioxidant capacity. The research results could provide the theoretical and technical support for waterlogging-resistant cultivation of wheat.【Method】Using Yangmai 16 as material, three concentrations (0.0875, 0.126, and 0.194 mmol·L^-1) of phytochlorin iron were set at anthesis and grain filling stages to screen the appropriate period and concentration for achieving a significant increase in wheat yield. Based on this, the effect of phytochlorin iron on wheat tolerance to waterlogging stress at anthesis stage was further evaluated.【Result】Compared with control, treatment with a concentration of 0.126 mmol·L^-1 phytochlorin iron at anthesis stage (A2) could significantly increase wheat grain yield by increasing the grain weight. Waterlogging stress at anthesis stage significantly reduced the chlorophyll content, net photosynthesis rate, and post-flowering dry matter accumulation and translocation to grain, resulting in grain yield reduction. However, compared with non-spraying treatment, AW2 treatment showed a higher photosynthetic pigment content, photosystem II stability, net photosynthetic rate. Meantime, the raised activities of antioxidant enzymes, reduced O₂^-production rate and H₂O₂ content, which showed correspondence with the reduced accumulation of malondialdehyde content, thus alleviated the damage of cell membrane lipid peroxidation and the yield reduction caused by waterlogging stress.【Conclusion】Spraying a concentration of 0.126 mmol·L^-1 phytochlorin iron at anthesis stage could significantly increase wheat yield. Phytochlorin iron could alleviate the plant senescence, reduce damage to PSII, enhance the activity of antioxidant enzymes, reduce the damage of cell membrane lipid peroxidation, maintain higher photosynthetic rate, reduce the degree of yield reduction, and enhance wheat tolerance to waterlogging stress.

Key words: wheat, waterlogging stress, phytochlorin iron, yield, chlorophyll, photosynthesis rate

楚燕蒙, 毛颖超, 蔡剑, 周琴, 戴廷波, 王笑, 姜东. 二氢卟吩铁对小麦渍水胁迫耐性的影响[J]. 中国农业科学, 2023, 56(10): 1848-1858.

CHU YanMeng, MAO YingChao, CAI Jian, ZHOU Qin, DAI TingBo, WANG Xiao, JIANG Dong. Effect of Phytochlorin Iron on Stress Tolerance to Waterlogging in Wheat[J]. Scientia Agricultura Sinica, 2023, 56(10): 1848-1858.

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处理 Treatment	处理方式 Treatment method
CK	喷施清水 Spray with water
A1	开花期喷施二氢卟吩铁0.0875 mmol·L^-1 0.0875 mmol·L^-1 phytochlorin iron at anthesis stage
A2	开花期喷施二氢卟吩铁0.126 mmol·L^-1 0.126 mmol·L^-1 phytochlorin iron at anthesis stage
A3	开花期喷施二氢卟吩铁0.194 mmol·L^-1 0.194 mmol·L^-1 phytochlorin iron at anthesis stage
G1	灌浆期喷施二氢卟吩铁0.0875 mmol·L^-1 0.0875 mmol·L^-1 phytochlorin iron at grain filling stage
G2	灌浆期喷施二氢卟吩铁0.126 mmol·L^-1 0.126 mmol·L^-1 phytochlorin iron at grain filling stage
G3	灌浆期喷施二氢卟吩铁0.194 mmol·L^-1 0.194 mmol·L^-1 phytochlorin iron at grain filling stage

处理 Treatment	处理方式 Treatment method
CK	喷施清水 Spray with water
A2	开花期喷施二氢卟吩铁0.126 mmol·L^-1 0.126 mmol·L^-1 phytochlorin iron at anthesis stage
W	渍水胁迫 Waterlogging stress
AW2	开花期喷施二氢卟吩铁0.126 mmol·L^-1+渍水胁迫 0.126 mmol·L^-1 phytochlorin iron at anthesis stage+ Waterlogging stress

处理 Treatment	穗数 Spikes (×10⁴·hm^-2)	穗粒数 Kernels per spike	千粒重 1000-kernel mass (g)	实际产量 Grain yield (kg·hm^-2)
CK	339.3a	46.4a	37.0b	5486.9b
A1	351.3a	47.3a	39.2ab	5767.1ab
A2	350.0a	48.4a	41.0a	6022.6a
A3	360.0a	47.9a	37.4b	5886.6a
G1	339.3a	46.8a	37.2b	5733.8ab
G2	359.3a	47.5a	37.0b	5769.3ab
G3	336.0a	47.1a	38.3ab	5818.7a

处理 Treatment	RAP (mg/stem)	REP (%)	CTA (%)	PAA (mg/stem)	CPA (%)
CK	704.7a	22.3a	38.4a	1131.5b	61.6b
A1	618.0b	19.9bc	31.7b	1345.4ab	68.3a
A2	612.2b	22.8a	31.5b	1337.8ab	68.5a
A3	616.3b	19.7c	30.2b	1423.0a	69.8a
G1	654.7ab	21.8abc	32.5b	1360.3a	67.5a
G2	650.5ab	22.2ab	32.6b	1348.0ab	67.4a
G3	640.0ab	22.0abc	31.7b	1381.3a	68.3a

处理 Treatment	穗数 Spikes (×10⁴·hm^-2)	穗粒数 Kernels per spike	千粒重 1000-kernel mass (g)	实际产量 Grain yield (kg·hm^-2)
CK	339.3a	46.4a	37.0b	5486.9b
W	327.3a	46.7a	28.4d	4509.6d
A2	350.0a	48.4a	41.0a	6022.6a
AW2	338.0a	48.1a	30.7c	4890.8c