中国农业科学

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最新录用:人工合成小麦和地方品种穗发芽抗性育种利用效率

刘泽厚1,王琴1,叶美金2,万洪深1,杨宁1,杨漫宇1,杨武云1*,李俊1*
  

  1. 1四川省农业科学院作物研究所/农业部西南地区小麦生物学与遗传育种重点实验室,成都 6100662成都师范学院化学与生命科学学院,四川温江 611130
  • 出版日期:2023-05-17 发布日期:2023-05-17

Utilization efficiency of improving the resistance for pre-harvest sprouting by synthetic hexaploid wheat and Chinese Wheat landrace

LIU ZeHou 1, WANG Qin 1, YE MeiJin2WAN HongShen1, Yang Ning1, Yang ManYu1, Yang WuYun1*, LJun1*    

  1. 1Crop Research Institute, Sichuan Academy of Agricultural Sciences/Key Laboratory of Wheat Biology and Genetic Improvement on Southwestern China, Ministry of Agriculture, Chengdu 610066; 2College of Chemistry and Life Sciences, Chengdu Normal University, Wenjiang 611130, Sichuan
  • Published:2023-05-17 Online:2023-05-17

摘要: 【目的】小麦穗发芽是影响小麦产量和品质的重要限制因子。具有抗穗发芽特性人工合成小麦和地方品种是改良栽培小麦穗发芽抗性的重要基因资源,通过分子标记辅助选择转育人工合成小麦和地方品种穗发芽抗性位点,评价人工合成小麦和地方品种导入系抗穗发芽育种利用效率,筛选抗穗发芽小麦新材料,为小麦穗发芽抗性育种提供数据和材料支撑【方法】以抗穗发芽的人工合成小麦SYN792和四川地方品种涪陵须须麦为母本,以穗发芽敏感品种川麦45为轮回亲本,构建2BC1F7群体2017年通过整穗发芽鉴定法对2BC1F7群体的1 796个系进行穗发芽表型初筛,然后利用与人工合成小麦PHS-3D地方品种PHS-A1穗发芽抗性位点连锁的SSR标记进行分子标记选择,筛选出整穗发芽率(SGR小于35%且携带PHS-3DPHS-A1抗性位点的导入系;20182019年连续2对初筛选出的PHS-3DPHS-A1导入系进行整穗发芽率、籽粒发芽指数(GI)和产量相关性状鉴定,其中籽粒发芽鉴定试验设置25℃(18GI)和32℃(19GI2个发芽温度。通过不同环境下穗发芽抗性和产量数据,分析人工合成小麦和地方品种导入系抗穗发芽育种利用效率筛选抗穗发芽且综合性状好的优异导入系。【结果】经整穗发芽鉴定初筛,从1 796个衍生系中筛选出SGR值小于35%的系537个;进一步对筛选出的537个系进行分子标记检测,发现332个系导入了人工合成小麦PHS-3D和地方品种PHS-A1穗发芽抗性位点,包括人工合成小麦导入系73个、地方品种导入系259个;地方品种PHS-A1导入系的频率显著高于人工合成小麦PHS-3D导入系。20182019332个穗发芽抗性位点导入系穗发芽鉴定发现不同年份穗发芽指标间均极显著正相关,穗发芽指标SGR和GI表现出相对稳定的趋势;人工合成小麦和地方品种导入系的3个穗发芽指标平均值(18GI18SGR19SGR)均低于23%,差异不显著。不同发芽温度导入系的GI值差异较大,发芽温度32时,人工合成小麦PHS-3D导入系的GI值显著低于地方品种PHS-A1导入系。筛选出的73个人工合成小麦导入系中,红粒系穗发芽指标值均低于白粒系;其中,11个人工合成小麦白粒导入系表现中抗及以上抗性水平,14个红粒导入系在不同发芽温度时GI值均低于35%2产量相关性状分析表明,人工合成小麦PHS-3D导入系的千粒重显著高于地方品种PHS-A1导入,而穗粒数显著小于地方品种PHS-A1导入系。根据产量性状和穗发芽抗性表现,筛选出了23个穗发芽抗性和综合性状均较好的优异导入系,包括7个人工合成小麦PHS-3D导入系、16个地方品种PHS-A1导入系;人工合成小麦优异导入系中有2个白粒导入系穗发芽抗性中抗以上,2个红粒导入系不同发芽温度的GI值均低于25%,表现出稳定的穗发芽抗性。【结论】人工合成小麦和地方品种均可用于改良现代栽培小麦穗发芽抗性,利用地方品种进行穗发芽抗性育种改良效率优于人工合成小麦;但人工合成小麦导入系的穗发芽抗性的稳定性优于地方品种导入系。筛选出的23人工合成小麦和地方品种导入系是小麦穗发芽抗性和产量性状改良的重要基因资源;特别是人工合成小麦白粒导入系(编号5201)和红粒导入系(编号54975505)是非常有育种利用价值的穗发芽抗性育种亲本材料。

关键词: 小麦, 人工合成小麦, 地方品种, 穗发芽, 产量相关性状

Abstract: 【Objective】Pre-harvest sprouting (PHS) is a serious limiting factor for wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) grain yield and end-use quality. Synthetic hexaploid wheats (SHW) and wheat landraces (WL) are important germplasm resources for improving PHS resistance in wheat. The objective of this study is to utilize PHS-resistant loci from SHW and WL for breeding PHS-resistant elite materials, which will provide a theoretical basis for improving PHS resistance of wheat cultivars.Method】In this study, SYN792 (a Synthetic hexaploid wheat from CIMMYT) and Fulingxuxumai (a Chinese wheat landrace) were used as female parents to cross and backcross with Chuanmai 45 (a sensitive variety to PHS), respectively. Two BC1F7 populations including 1796 lines were established. Seed germination index (GI) and seed germination rate of in each spike (SGR) in different environments were used to evaluate PHS resistance. Two germination temperature of 25(18GI) and 32(19GI) were set to examine seed germinability in 2018 and 2019. 1796 BC1F7 lines were evaluated preliminarily by SGR phenotype and molecular markers detection in 2017, and the introgression lines with PHS-3D and PHS-A1 resistant loci and SGR less than 35% were screened. Introgression lines with PHS-3D and PHS-A1 resistant loci were used to analyze utilization efficiency of SHW and WL in PHS-resistance breeding by identifying PHS-resistance and yield related traits in 2018 and 2019.ResultPHS resistance of 1796 lines was evaluated preliminarily, and 537 lines with SGR value less than 35% were screened for further molecular marker detection. A total of 332 lines with PHS-3D and PHS-A1 were selected by SSR marker, and the frequency of WL introgression lines was significantly higher than that of SHW introgression lines. 332 introgression lines were used to analysis PHS-resistance and yield related traits in 2018 and 2019. There was a significant positive correlation between different PHS indexes in different years, but there was no significant difference in the values of 18GI, 18SGR and 19SGR between SHW and WL introgression lines. The average values of 18SGR, 19SGR and 18GI in SHW and WL introgression lines were lower than 23%. As far as GI value is concerned, there is obvious difference between different germination temperatures. At the germination temperature of 32, the mean 19GI value of SHW PHS-3D introgression lines was significantly lower than that of WL PHS-A1 introgression lines. Grain color was associated with PHS resistance in SHW introgression lines, and the red-grained SHW introgression lines had lower the mean GI and SGR values than the white-grained lines. Among 73 SHW introgression lines, 11 white-grained lines showed medium or higher resistance to PHSand the GI values of 14 red-grained lines at different germination temperatures were lower than 35%. According to the data of agronomic traits in 2018 and 2019, thousand grain weight of SHW introgression lines was significantly higher than that of WL introgression lines, but the number of grains per spike was significantly lower than that of WL introgression lines. 23 elite introgression lines including seven SHW introgression lines and 16 WL introgression lines were selected. Two SHW white-grained introgression lines had better resistance to PHS, and the GI values of two red-grained introgression lines at different germination temperatures were lower than 25%.Conclusion】It is feasible to transfer PHS-3D and PHS-A1 resistance loci to PHS from SHW and WL for improving PHS-resistance of modern wheat cultivars. In this study, the breeding efficiency of WL for PHS-resistance is better than that of SHW. However, the stability of PHS-resistance of SHW introgression lines was better than that of WL introgression lines. 23 SHW and WL elite introgression lines could be used as parents to improve the PHS-resistance and yield traits in wheat. In particular, the white-grained SHW introgression line No.5201 and the red-grained SHW introgression lines No.5497 and No.5505 were very valuable parents for wheat breeding of PHS resistance.  


Key words: wheat, synthetic hexaploid wheat (SHW), wheat landraces, pre-harvest sprouting (PHS), yield related yield