中国玉米品种保护现状分析

doi:10.3864/j.issn.0578-1752.2020.06.002

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

【目的】植物新品种保护制度可以维护育种者的合法权益,推动种子产业化和发展现代种业,进而促进农业发展和保障国家粮食安全。通过分析中国玉米品种保护信息,掌握中国植物新品种保护工作在玉米（Zea mays L.）物种开展情况,并从知识产权角度了解中国玉米种业的现状。【方法】通过品种权公告等资料搜集、整理和校验,将玉米品种保护分为9种状态进行统计,最后汇总为一张表格代表了20年来植物新品种保护的玉米品种信息。【结果】1999—2018年,植物新品种保护接受申请的玉米品种数为7 570个,获得授权的玉米品种数为3 609个,其中,申请的杂交种与自交系比例为1.33﹕1、授权的杂交种与自交系比例为1.88﹕1。截止到2018年年底,处于申请保护阶段的玉米品种数为3 060个,处于授权保护阶段的玉米品种数为2 448个,处于撤销申请阶段的玉米品种数为901个,处于终止阶段的玉米品种数为1 161个,其中,授权品种的审查时长平均为3.9年。1 340个单位或个人作为申请人提交过玉米品种保护申请,其中,种业公司和科研院所分别占65.0%和28.4%;739个单位或个人作为品种权人获得过玉米品种权保护,种业公司和科研院所分别占59.7%和33.9%;申请人和品种权人最多的省份均为北京市,江西省、青海省、西藏自治区、香港、澳门和台湾省没有出现申请人和品种权人。【结论】玉米是中国植物新品种保护申请和授权数量最多的物种。在时间上,玉米品种保护申请的变化趋势分为起步、平稳、井喷3个时期,玉米品种授权的变化趋势分为不稳定、高峰、低谷和稳增4个阶段;在空间上申请人和品种权人主要集中于东北、华北及黄淮海地区。申请和授权的品种类型虽然以杂交种为主,但自交系的重视程度在逐年提升。种业公司是申请人和品种权人的主体,但科研院所的平均授权效率最高。总体上,育种单位对玉米品种保护关注度有大幅提升但提交申请的品种质量有待提升,审批机构工作开展同时也面临量大、高效的需求,外国公司在中国玉米品种保护参与度有提升空间。

关键词: 玉米, 植物新品种保护, 事务数, 品种数, 品种类型, 品种保护状态

Abstract:

【Objective】Protection of new varieties of plants can protect the legal rights of seed breeders, promote industrialization and modernization of the seed industry, and as a result further develop agriculture and guarantee food security of the country. The paper aims at a better understanding of current status of maize seed industry in China from the aspect of intellectual property rights, by analyzing the data of maize variety protection and the effort of protection of new varieties of plants carried out on Zea mays L..【Method】The paper summarized in one table the maize variety data of protection of new varieties of plants during the last 20 years, acquired through material search, collection and data verification from sources such as variety rights notices, by statistics analysis of 9 kinds of maize variety protection. 【Result】 From 1999 to 2018, the applications for 7 570 maize varieties have been accepted for the protection of new varieties of plants and those for 3 609 maize varieties have been granted. The ratio of applications for hybrids to those for inbred lines is 1.33 to 1, yet the ratio of granted numbers is 1.88 to 1. By the end of 2018, protection of 3 060 maize varieties are in process of application, that of 2 448 already authorized, that of 901 in process of withdrawal, and that of 1 161 terminated, with an average evaluation time of 3.9 years. 1 340 units or persons filed applications, with seeds enterprises and scientific research institutes taking up 65.0% and 28.4%, respectively; 739 organizations or individuals has been granted with maize variety protection as the owner of such variety, among which, seeds enterprises and scientific research institutions take up a proportion of 59.7% and 33.9%, respectively. Beijing tops among all the provinces in the numbers of both applicators and authorization holders, while none shows in Jiangxi, Qinghai, Tibet, Hong Kong, Macao and Taiwan.【Conclusion】Maize is the species with the largest number of applications and authorizations for protection of new varieties of plants in China. Maize varieties protection applications show, in terms of time, the trend of three distinct periods, i.e. the starting, stable and blowout periods, and the authorizations show the trend of four phases, i.e. unstable, peak, trough and steadily-increasing phases. In terms of space, it shows the trend of a majority of applicants and authorized organizations or individuals located in Northeast China, North China and the Huang-Huai-Hai region. Hybrids take up more proportion in both application and authorization, but the attention to inbred lines keeps increasing year by year. The seeds enterprises are the major applicators and authorized organizations, yet the scientific research institutions show a higher rate of granting. Generally speaking, the seed breeding units now pay more attention to maize variety protection, but the quality of varieties for application shall be further improved; the approving authorities are faced with plenty of needs for high efficiency; there is still some room for the foreign companies to improve their involvement in maize variety protection in China.

Key words: maize, protection of new varieties of plants, transaction number, variety count, variety type, variety protection status

杨扬,田红丽,易红梅,刘亚维,任洁,王蕊,王璐,赵久然,王凤格. 中国玉米品种保护现状分析[J]. 中国农业科学, 2020, 53(6): 1095-1107.

Yang YANG,HongLi TIAN,HongMei YI,YaWei LIU,Jie REN,Rui WANG,Lu WANG,JiuRan ZHAO,FengGe WANG. Analysis of the Current Status of Protection of Maize Varieties in China[J]. Scientia Agricultura Sinica, 2020, 53(6): 1095-1107.

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链接本文: https://www.chinaagrisci.com/CN/10.3864/j.issn.0578-1752.2020.06.002

https://www.chinaagrisci.com/CN/Y2020/V53/I6/1095

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