中国再生稻的产量差及影响因素

doi:10.3864/j.issn.0578-1752.2020.04.004

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

【目的】阐明再生稻的产量差及影响因素,为揭示其生产潜力和制定高产高效栽培措施提供科学依据。【方法】从中国知网和Web of Science两个数据库,分别以“再生稻产量、品种、施肥、种植密度、留桩高度、种植方式和收割方式”和“ratoon rice,variety,fertilizer and China”为关键词检索,共收集目标文献119篇。总结再生稻头季、再生季和两季总的产量潜力和产量差,通过分析品种、施肥、种植密度、留桩高度、种植方式和收割方式对再生稻产量的影响,阐明再生稻产量差的影响因素及缩小产量差的途径。【结果】当前我国再生稻头季、再生季和两季总的产量潜力分别为11.65、6.90和17.10 t·hm ^-2,总样本平均产量仅分别实现了产量潜力的71%、53%和68%。籼稻和杂交稻的再生稻产量分别比粳稻和常规稻增产24%—19%和18%—8%;头季的最优施肥量约为N 168 kg·hm ^-2,P₂O₅123 kg·hm ^-2,K₂O 124 kg·hm ^-2;再生季的最优施肥量约为N 145 kg·hm ^-2,P₂O₅ 50 kg·hm ^-2,K₂O 200 kg·hm ^-2。再生稻头季的适宜种植密度为22.4—29.1万穴/hm ²;适宜留桩高度为40—50 cm;手栽种植利于再生季产量的提高因而总产量也最大;人工收割比机械收割的再生季产量高12%,虽然机种机收会减少产量,但差异不显著。【结论】我国再生稻头季、再生季及两季总产量的增产潜力分别为3.38、3.27和5.41 t·hm ^-2。合适的品种、肥料管理、种植密度、留桩高度、种植和收割方式可以缩小产量差,其中品种以籼稻和杂交稻为主;优化施肥量可以使头季和再生季分别增产9%和22%,优化种植密度则分别增产8%和17%;适宜的留桩高度为40—50 cm;机种机收更符合轻简化现代农业的需求。

关键词: 再生稻, 产量差, 品种, 施肥, 种植密度, 留桩高度

Abstract:

【Objective】The yield gap and the influence factors of ratoon rice was investigated for revealing yield potential in this study, so as to provide a scientific basis for developing high-yielding and high-efficiency ratoon rice management practices.【Method】The publications were collected by searching in China National Knowledge Infrastructure and Web of Science by using the keywords of “ratoon rice yield, variety, fertilizer application, density, stubble height, planting methods and harvesting methods” and “ratoon rice, variety, fertilizer and China”, respectively. A total of 119 published literatures were collected. This study summarized the yield potential and yield gap for ratoon rice in China. Meta-analysis method was applied to quantify the effect of variety, fertilization, density, stubble height, planting and harvesting methods on yield of main and ratoon crops of ratoon rice. This paper made a preliminary illustration about the factors that affect yield gap and ways to close the yield gap.【Result】The ratoon rice yield potential was 11.65 t·hm ^-2 for main crop, 6.90 t·hm ^-2 for ratoon crop and 17.10 t·hm ^-2 in total. The sample average yield of main crop, ratoon crop, and total crop for ratoon rice was 71%, 53% and 68% of the corresponding yield potential, respectively. Indica and hybrid variety could increase the ratoon rice yield by 24%-19% and 18%-8% than japonica and inbred variety, respectively; Optimized N, P₂O₅ and K₂O application rate was 168, 123 and 124 kg·hm ^-2 for main crop, and 145, 50 and 200 kg·hm ^-2for ratoon crop. Optimized density for ratoon rice was 22.4-29.1×10 ⁴ hills/hm ^-2. Optimized stubble height was 40-50 cm. Artificial transplanting could increase ratoon crop yield and thus maximize the total yield; Manual harvesting yield of ratoon crop was 12% higher than mechanized harvesting. But it’s no significant difference between artificial transplanting/harvesting and mechanized planting/harvesting.【Conclusion】 There was still a huge room to increase the yield of ratoon rice, and the yield gap of main crop, ratoon crop and total was 3.38, 3.27 and 5.41 t·hm ^-2, respectively. Furthermore, suitable variety, fertilizer application rate, density, stubble height, planting and harvesting method were important to close yield gap. For ratoon rice, the main varieties were indica and hybrid variety. Compared to average yield from all the samples, the yield of main crop and ratoon crop could increase by 9% and 22% respectively after optimized fertilization. Suitable density could increase the yield by 8% for main crop, 17% for ratoon crop; For ratoon rice, the optimized stubble height was 40-50 cm. Mechanized planting/harvesting as simplified pattern with low labor input, could more suitable for Chinese modern agriculture.

Key words: ratoon rice, yield gap, variety, fertilizer application, density, stubble height

曹玉贤, 朱建强, 侯俊. 中国再生稻的产量差及影响因素[J]. 中国农业科学, 2020, 53(4): 707-719.

YuXian CAO, JianQiang ZHU, Jun HOU. Yield Gap of Ratoon Rice and Their Influence Factors in China[J]. Scientia Agricultura Sinica, 2020, 53(4): 707-719.

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