中国再生稻的产量差及影响因素

doi:10.3864/j.issn.0578-1752.2020.04.004

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

【目的】阐明再生稻的产量差及影响因素,为揭示其生产潜力和制定高产高效栽培措施提供科学依据。【方法】从中国知网和Web of Science两个数据库,分别以“再生稻产量、品种、施肥、种植密度、留桩高度、种植方式和收割方式”和“ratoon rice,variety,fertilizer and China”为关键词检索,共收集目标文献119篇。总结再生稻头季、再生季和两季总的产量潜力和产量差,通过分析品种、施肥、种植密度、留桩高度、种植方式和收割方式对再生稻产量的影响,阐明再生稻产量差的影响因素及缩小产量差的途径。【结果】当前我国再生稻头季、再生季和两季总的产量潜力分别为11.65、6.90和17.10 t·hm ^-2,总样本平均产量仅分别实现了产量潜力的71%、53%和68%。籼稻和杂交稻的再生稻产量分别比粳稻和常规稻增产24%—19%和18%—8%;头季的最优施肥量约为N 168 kg·hm ^-2,P₂O₅123 kg·hm ^-2,K₂O 124 kg·hm ^-2;再生季的最优施肥量约为N 145 kg·hm ^-2,P₂O₅ 50 kg·hm ^-2,K₂O 200 kg·hm ^-2。再生稻头季的适宜种植密度为22.4—29.1万穴/hm ²;适宜留桩高度为40—50 cm;手栽种植利于再生季产量的提高因而总产量也最大;人工收割比机械收割的再生季产量高12%,虽然机种机收会减少产量,但差异不显著。【结论】我国再生稻头季、再生季及两季总产量的增产潜力分别为3.38、3.27和5.41 t·hm ^-2。合适的品种、肥料管理、种植密度、留桩高度、种植和收割方式可以缩小产量差,其中品种以籼稻和杂交稻为主;优化施肥量可以使头季和再生季分别增产9%和22%,优化种植密度则分别增产8%和17%;适宜的留桩高度为40—50 cm;机种机收更符合轻简化现代农业的需求。

关键词: 再生稻, 产量差, 品种, 施肥, 种植密度, 留桩高度

Abstract:

【Objective】The yield gap and the influence factors of ratoon rice was investigated for revealing yield potential in this study, so as to provide a scientific basis for developing high-yielding and high-efficiency ratoon rice management practices.【Method】The publications were collected by searching in China National Knowledge Infrastructure and Web of Science by using the keywords of “ratoon rice yield, variety, fertilizer application, density, stubble height, planting methods and harvesting methods” and “ratoon rice, variety, fertilizer and China”, respectively. A total of 119 published literatures were collected. This study summarized the yield potential and yield gap for ratoon rice in China. Meta-analysis method was applied to quantify the effect of variety, fertilization, density, stubble height, planting and harvesting methods on yield of main and ratoon crops of ratoon rice. This paper made a preliminary illustration about the factors that affect yield gap and ways to close the yield gap.【Result】The ratoon rice yield potential was 11.65 t·hm ^-2 for main crop, 6.90 t·hm ^-2 for ratoon crop and 17.10 t·hm ^-2 in total. The sample average yield of main crop, ratoon crop, and total crop for ratoon rice was 71%, 53% and 68% of the corresponding yield potential, respectively. Indica and hybrid variety could increase the ratoon rice yield by 24%-19% and 18%-8% than japonica and inbred variety, respectively; Optimized N, P₂O₅ and K₂O application rate was 168, 123 and 124 kg·hm ^-2 for main crop, and 145, 50 and 200 kg·hm ^-2for ratoon crop. Optimized density for ratoon rice was 22.4-29.1×10 ⁴ hills/hm ^-2. Optimized stubble height was 40-50 cm. Artificial transplanting could increase ratoon crop yield and thus maximize the total yield; Manual harvesting yield of ratoon crop was 12% higher than mechanized harvesting. But it’s no significant difference between artificial transplanting/harvesting and mechanized planting/harvesting.【Conclusion】 There was still a huge room to increase the yield of ratoon rice, and the yield gap of main crop, ratoon crop and total was 3.38, 3.27 and 5.41 t·hm ^-2, respectively. Furthermore, suitable variety, fertilizer application rate, density, stubble height, planting and harvesting method were important to close yield gap. For ratoon rice, the main varieties were indica and hybrid variety. Compared to average yield from all the samples, the yield of main crop and ratoon crop could increase by 9% and 22% respectively after optimized fertilization. Suitable density could increase the yield by 8% for main crop, 17% for ratoon crop; For ratoon rice, the optimized stubble height was 40-50 cm. Mechanized planting/harvesting as simplified pattern with low labor input, could more suitable for Chinese modern agriculture.

Key words: ratoon rice, yield gap, variety, fertilizer application, density, stubble height

曹玉贤, 朱建强, 侯俊. 中国再生稻的产量差及影响因素[J]. 中国农业科学, 2020, 53(4): 707-719.

YuXian CAO, JianQiang ZHU, Jun HOU. Yield Gap of Ratoon Rice and Their Influence Factors in China[J]. Scientia Agricultura Sinica, 2020, 53(4): 707-719.

图/表 9

图1

图2

图3

图4

图5

图6

图7

图8

图9

参考文献 38

[1]	蔡承智, 梁颖, 万怀韬 . 基于产量潜力预测的中国水稻单产分析. 中国农学通报, 2010,26(4):310-313.
	CAI C Z, LIANG Y, WAN H T . Analyses of rice yield in China based on the projection of yield potential. Chinese Agricultural Science Bulletin, 2010,26(4):310-313. (in Chinese)
[2]	RAY D K, FOLEY J A . Increasing global crop harvest frequency: Recent trends and future directions. Environmental Research Letters, 2013,8:44041-44050.
[3]	中华人民共和国国家统计局. 中国统计年鉴. 北京:中国统计出版社, 2015.
	National Bureau of Statistics . China Statistical Yearbook. Beijing:China Statistics Press, 2015. (in Chinese)
[4]	朱永川, 熊洪, 徐富贤, 郭晓艺, 张林, 刘茂, 周兴兵 . 再生稻栽培技术的研究进展. 中国农学通报, 2013,29(36):1-8.
	ZHU Y C, XIONG H, XU F X, GUO X Y, ZHANG L, LIU M, ZHOU X B . Progress on research of ratoon rice cultivation technology. Chinese Agricultural Science Bulletin, 2013,29(36):1-8. (in Chinese)
[5]	AGGARWAL P K, HEBBAR K B, VENUGOPALAN M V, RANI S, BALA A, BISWAL A, WANI S P . Quantification of yield gaps in rain-fed rice, wheat, cotton and mustard in India. Andhra Pradesh, India:International Crops Research Institute for the Semi-Arid Tropics, 2008.
[6]	HOCHMAN Z, HOLZWORTH D, HUNT J R . Potential to improve on-farm wheat yield and WUE in Australia. Crop & Pasture Science, 2009,60(8):708-716.
[7]	ISLAM M S, HASANUZZAMAN M, ROKONUZZAMAN M . Ratoon rice response to different fertilizer doses in irrigated condition. Agriculture Conspectus Scientificus, 2008,73(4):197-202.
[8]	徐富贤, 熊洪, 张林, 朱永川, 蒋鹏, 郭晓艺, 刘茂 . 再生稻产量形成特点与关键调控技术研究进展. 中国农业科学, 2015,48(9):1702-1717.
	XU F X, XIONG H, ZHANG L, ZHU Y C, JIANG P, GUO X Y, LIU M . Progress in research of yield formation of rationing rice and its high-yielding key regulation technologies. Scientia Agricultura Sinica, 2015,48(9):1702-1717. (in Chinese)
[9]	杨东, 陈鸿飞, 卓传营, 林文雄 . 头季不同施氮方式对再生稻生理生化的影响. 中国生态农业学报, 2009,17(4):643-646.
	YANG D, CHEN H F, ZHUO C Y, LIN W X . Effect of different N application modes in the first cropping rice on the physiobiochemistry of the first cropping rice and its ratoon rice. Chinese Journal of Eco-Agriculture, 2009,17(4):643-646. (in Chinese)
[10]	陈鸿飞, 杨东, 梁义元, 张志兴, 梁康迳, 林文雄 . 头季稻氮肥运筹对再生稻干物质积累、产量及氮素利用率的影响. 中国生态农业学报, 2010,18(1):50-56.
	CHEN H F, YANG D, LIANG Y Y, ZHANG Z X, LIANG K J, LIN W X . Effect of nitrogen application strategy in the first cropping rice on dry matter accumulation, grain yield and nitrogen utilization efficiency of the first cropping rice and its ratoon rice crop. Chinese Journal of Eco-Agriculture, 2010,18(1):50-56. (in Chinese)
[11]	姜照伟, 林文雄, 李义珍, 卓传营, 谢华安 . 不同氮肥施用量对再生稻氮素吸收和分配的影响. 福建农业学报, 2003,18(1):50-55.
	JIANG Z W, LIN W X, LI Y Z, ZHUO C Y, XIE H A . Effect of nitrogen fertilizer rates on uptake and distribution of nitrogen in ratoon rice. Fujian Journal of Agricultural Sciences, 2003,18(1):50-55. (in Chinese)
[12]	习敏, 吴文革, 汪靖桂, 汪宏伟, 陈刚, 许有尊 . 再生稻种植产量差形成的研究. 华北农学报, 2017,32(1):104-110.
	XI M, WU W G, WANG J G, WANG H W, CHEN G, XU Y Z . Study on formation of grain yield differences in rationing rice cultivation. Acta Agriculturae Boreali-Sinica, 2017,32(1):104-110. (in Chinese)
[13]	温玉梅, 苏克诚, 王俊, 尤锦伟, 叶磊, 胡红青 . 肥种用量对‘新两优233’再生稻产量和养分吸收的影响. 中国农学通报, 2018,34(29):1-7.
	WEN Y M, SU K C, WANG J, YOU J W, YE L, HU H Q . The amounts of seed sowing and fertilizer affect yield and nutrients uptake of ratoonting rice ‘Xinliang you 233’. Chinese Agricultural Science Bulletin, 2018,34(29):1-7. (in Chinese)
[14]	余贵龙, 刘祥臣, 丰大清, 张强, 赵海英, 张万平, 李伟, 陈昌 . 不同留茬高度对豫南再生稻生育期及产量的影响. 中国稻米, 2018,24(5):112-115.
	YU G L, LIU X C, FENG D Q, ZHANG Q, ZHAO H Y, ZHANG W P, LI W, CHEN C . Effects of different stubble height on yield and growth period of ratoon rice in south of Henan. China Rice, 2018,24(5):112-115. (in Chinese)
[15]	刘保花, 陈新平, 崔振岭, 孟庆锋, 赵明 . 三大粮食作物产量潜力与产量差研究进展. 中国生态农业学报, 2015,23(5):525-534.
	LIU B H, CHEN X P, CUI Z L, MENG Q F, ZHAO M . Research advance in yield potential and yield gap of three major cereal crops. Chinese Journal of Eco-Agriculture, 2015,23(5):525-534. (in Chinese)
[16]	彭少兵 . 对转型时期水稻生产的战略思考. 中国科学:生命科学, 2014,44(8):845-850.
	PENG S B . Reflection on China’s rice production strategies during the transition period. Scientia Sinica Vitae, 2014,44(8):845-850. (in Chinese)
[17]	何花榕, 房贤涛, 翁国华, 郭灵灵, 杨惠杰 . 留桩高度对再生稻生长发育和产量的影响研究现状及展望. 中国农学通报, 2012,28(9):6-10.
	HE H R, FANG X T, WENG G H, GUO L L, YANG H J . Current status and prospect of the effects of stubble height of the main crop on growth, development and grain yield of ratoon rice. Chinese Agricultural Science Bulletin, 2012,28(9):6-10. (in Chinese)
[18]	林文雄, 陈鸿飞, 张志兴, 徐倩华, 屠乃美, 方长旬, 任万军 . 再生稻产量形成的生理生态特性与关键栽培技术的研究与展望. 中国生态农业学报, 2015,23(4):392-401.
	LIN W X, CHEN H F, ZHANG Z X, XU Q H, TU N M, FANG C X, REN W J . Research and prospect on physio-ecological properties of ratoon rice yield formation and its key cultivation technology. Chinese Journal of Eco-Agriculture, 2015,23(4):392-401. (in Chinese)
[19]	陈小花 . 粳稻和籼稻品种的再生特性比较研究[D]. 武汉: 华中农业大学, 2013.
	CHEN X H . Comparative research on regeneration characteristic of japonica and indica rice varieties[D]. Wuhan: Huazhong Agricultural University, 2013. (in Chinese)
[20]	唐文帮, 陈立云, 肖应辉, 刘建丰 . 再生稻某些性状与产量及产量构成因子的关系. 湖南农业大学学报(自然科学版), 2002,28(1):1-3.
	TANG W B, CHEN L Y, XIAO Y H, LIU J F . Relationships among yield, yield components and some features of ratooning rice. Journal of Hunan Agricultural University(Natural Sciences), 2002,28(1):1-3. (in Chinese)
[21]	徐富贤, 郑家奎, 朱永川, 熊洪, 王贵雄 . 杂交中稻再生力的鉴定方法. 作物学报, 2005,31(4):506-510.
	XU F X, ZHENG J K, ZHU Y C, XIONG H, WANG G X . Evaluation method of rationing ability of mid-season hybrid rice. Acta Agronomica Sinica, 2005,31(4):506-510. (in Chinese)
[22]	BOND J A, BOLLICH P K . Ratoon rice response to nitrogen fertilizer. Crop Management, 2006,5(1):1-5.
[23]	吉中贵, 邓相秋, 何花强, 张建奎, 孙海艳 . 抛栽密度与促芽肥用量和化学促芽剂对中稻-再生稻的影响研究. 中国农学通报, 2009,25:109-113.
	JI Z G, DENG X Q, HE H Q, ZHANG J K, SUN H Y . Effect of seedling-throwing density and application amount of bud-promoting fertilizer on hybrid medium rice-ratooning rice. Chinese Agricultural Science Bulletin, 2009,25(22):109-113. (in Chinese)
[24]	PETROUDI E R, NOORMOHAMMADI G, MIRHADI M J, MADANI H, MOBASSER H R . Effects of nitrogen fertilization and rice harvest height on agronomic yield indices of ratoon rice-berseem clover intercropping system. Australian Journal of Crop Science, 2011(5):566-574.
[25]	HUOSSAINZADE A, AZARPOUR E, DOUSTAN H Z, MORADITOCHAEE M, BOZORGI H R . Management of cutting height and nitrogen fertilizer rates on grain yield and several attributes of ratoon rice(Oryza sativa L.) in Iran. World Applied Sciences Journal, 2011(15):1089-1094.
[26]	熊洪, 冉茂林, 徐富贤, 洪松 . 南方稻区再生稻研究进展及发展. 作物学报, 2000,26(3):297-304.
	XIONG H, RAN M L, XU F X, HONG S . Achievements and developments of ratooning rice in south of China. Acta Agronomica Sinica, 2000,26(3):297-304. (in Chinese)
[27]	黄林煌 . 内优航148不同种植密度对再生稻产量的影响. 福建农业科技, 2016,5:19-21.
	HUANG L H . Effects of different planting densities on yield of ratoon rice cv. “Neiyouhang 148”. Fujian Agricultural Science and Technology, 2016,5:19-21. (in Chinese)
[28]	蒋鹏, 徐富贤, 刘茂, 熊洪, 张林, 朱永川, 周兴兵, 郭晓艺, 陈琳 . 不同移栽密度下氮素调控对杂交中稻-再生稻产量和稻米品质的影响. 中国稻米, 2019,25(3):37-43.
	JIANG P, XU F X, LIU M, XIONG H, ZHANG L, ZHU Y C, ZHOU X B, GUO X Y, CHEN L . Effects of nitrogen management and plant density on grain yield and quality of mid-season hybrid rice in rice-ratoon rice system. China Rice, 2019,25(3):37-43. (in Chinese)
[29]	唐仁忠, 梁昌南, 贾翠仙, 韦凤舞, 柳有广 . 不同栽培密度对头季稻及再生稻产量的影响. 广西农学报, 2014,29(1):3-6.
	TANG R Z, LIANG C N, JIA C X, WEI F W, LIU Y G . Different cultivation densities’ impact on the yield of first season and ratoon rice. Journal of Guangxi Agriculture, 2014,29(1):3-6. (in Chinese)
[30]	向泽华 . 不同留桩高度对C两优34156再生稻生长发育及产量的影响. 杂交水稻, 2018,33(6):47-48.
	XIANG Z H . Effects of stubble height on growth and yield of ratoon rice of C Liangyou 34156. Hybrid Rice, 2018,33(6):47-48. (in Chinese)
[31]	HARRELL D L, BOND J A, BLANCHE S . Evaluation of main-crop stubble height on ratoon rice growth and development. Field Crops Research, 2009,114(3):396-403.
[32]	DALIRI M S, EFTEKHARI A, MOBASSER H R, TARI D B, PORKALHOR H . Effect of cutting time and cutting height on yield and yield components of ratoon rice (Tarom langrodi variety). Asian Journal of Plant Sciences, 2009(8):89-91.
[33]	王尚明, 张崇华, 胡磊, 胡逢喜, 张清霞, 王芸, 曾凯, 杨林 . 头季稻不同收割方式对再生稻生长和产量的影响. 湖北农业科学, 2018,57(20):31-34.
	WANG S M, ZHANG C H, HU L, HU F X, ZHANG Q X, WANG Y, ZENG K, YANG L . Effects of different harvesting methods in main crop on growth and yield of regenerated rice. Hubei Agricultural Sciences, 2018,57(20):31-34. (in Chinese)
[34]	李杰, 张洪程, 常勇, 龚金龙, 郭振华, 戴其根, 霍中洋, 许轲, 魏海燕, 高辉 . 不同种植方式水稻高产栽培条件下的光合物质生产特征研究. 作物学报, 2011,37(7):1235-1248.
	LI J, ZHANG H C, CHANG Y, GONG J L, GUO Z H, DAI Q G, HUO Z Y, XU K, WEI H Y, GAO H . Characteristics of photosynthesis and matter production of rice with different planting methods under high-yielding cultivation condition. Acta Agronomica Sinica, 2011,37(7):1235-1248. (in Chinese)
[35]	张现伟, 李经勇, 唐永群, 姚雄 . 不同栽培处理下杂交水稻渝香203的再生性分析. 西南农业学报, 2012,25(1):59-62.
	ZHANG X W, LI J Y, TANG Y Q, YAO X . Analysis of regeneration of hybrid rice in different planting treatments. Southwest China Journal of Agricultural Sciences, 2012,25(1):59-62. (in Chinese)
[36]	钱太平, 梅少华, 张键, 喻均吉, 方锡文, 陈建军, 张从德, 魏坦雄 . 再生稻不同留桩高度和收割方式的产量及其构成因素分析. 湖北农业科学, 2015,54(1):14-17.
	QIAN T P, MEI S H, ZHANG J, YU J J, FANG X W, CHEN J J, ZHANG C D, WEI T X . Yield and yield components of ratoon rice with different stubble height and harvest methods. Hubei Agricultural Sciences, 2015,54(1):14-17. (in Chinese)
[37]	夏桂龙, 欧阳建平, 柳开楼, 李亚贞, 周利军, 余跑兰, 胡惠文 . 促芽肥用量和留茬方式对赣东北地区再生稻产量和再生能力的影响. 中国稻米, 2016,22(2):27-30.
	XIA G L, OUYANG J P, LIU K L, LI Y Z, ZHOU L J, YU P L, HU H W . Effects of bud fertilizer and stubble types on grain yield and regeneration capacity of ratoon rice in northeast of Jiangxi province. China Rice, 2016,22(2):27-30. (in Chinese)
[38]	徐小兵, 陈凌, 钱太平, 郭建新 . 再生稻头季机械收割和人工收割对比试验. 中国种业, 2016(11):52-53.
	XU X B, CHEN L, QIAN T P, GUO J X . Contrast experiment of mechanical harvesting and artificial harvesting in the first season of ratooning rice. China Seed Industry, 2016(11):52-53. (in Chinese)