开食料中性洗涤纤维水平对犊牛生长性能、血清生化指标和抗氧化功能的影响

doi:10.3864/j.issn.0578-1752.2020.02.018

中国农业科学 ›› 2020, Vol. 53 ›› Issue (2): 440-450.doi: 10.3864/j.issn.0578-1752.2020.02.018

• 专题：幼龄反刍动物培育研究 • 上一篇下一篇

开食料中性洗涤纤维水平对犊牛生长性能、血清生化指标和抗氧化功能的影响

任春燕^1,^2,³,毕研亮^1,²,郭艳丽³,杜汉昌⁴,于博⁴,屠焰^1,²,刁其玉^1,²()

1 中国农业科学院饲料研究所/农业部饲料生物技术重点试验室,北京 100081
2 奶牛营养学北京市重点实验室,北京 100081
3 甘肃农业大学动物科学技术学院,兰州 730070
4 山东银香伟业集团有限公司,山东菏泽274400

收稿日期:2019-07-25 接受日期:2019-08-23 出版日期:2020-01-16 发布日期:2020-02-17
通讯作者: 刁其玉
作者简介:任春燕,E-mail：renyaya86@126.com。
基金资助:
国家重点研发计划(2017YFD0500502);公招博士科研启动基金(GAU-KYQD-2018-28)

Effects of NDF Level of Starter on Growth Performance, Serum Biochemical Parameters and Antioxidant Indices in Calves

REN ChunYan^1,^2,³,BI YanLiang^1,²,GUO YanLi³,DU HanChang⁴,YU Bo⁴,TU Yan^1,²,DIAO QiYu^1,²()

1 Feed Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences/Key Laboratory of Feed Biotechnology of Ministry of Agriculture, Beijing100081
2 Beijing Key Laboratory for Dairy Cow Nutrition, Beijing 100081
3 College of Animal Science and Technology,Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou 730070
4 Shandong YinXiangWeiYe Group Co,Ltd, Heze 274400, Shandong

Received:2019-07-25 Accepted:2019-08-23 Online:2020-01-16 Published:2020-02-17
Contact: QiYu DIAO

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

【目的】探究开食料中性洗涤纤维（NDF）含量对犊牛生长发育、血清生化指标及抗氧化性能的影响,为犊牛开食料的合理配制提供试验依据。【方法】选取平均体重为（42±2.5）kg 的60头（包括36头公犊牛,24头母犊牛）新生荷斯坦犊牛,随机分为4个试验组,每组15头（9头公犊牛+6头母犊牛）,15日龄起依次饲喂10%（10N）、15%（15N）、20%（20N）和25%（25N）NDF水平的开食料。试验犊牛单个饲养于犊牛岛,70日龄断奶,饲喂至112 日龄。每日记录开食料采食量,每两周称量犊牛的体重,于35和112日龄测量犊牛的体尺,35、70、90和112日龄空腹颈静脉抽血测定血液生化和抗氧化指标。【结果】（1）70—112日龄,犊牛开食料采食量10N组显著低于25N组（P＜0.5）;42—70日龄,20N和25N组NDF采食量显著高于10N和15N组（P＜0.05）;70—112日龄,NDF采食量随开食料NDF水平升高而显著增加（P＜0.05）; （2）70—112和15—112日龄,15N组犊牛体增重显著高于其他三组（P＜0.05）,分别高出12.67%、43.56%、30.17%和6.16%、18.09%、15.16%;15N组体高显著高于20N和25N组（P＜0.05）,体斜长和胸围显著高于25N组。（3）90日龄,15N组血清球蛋白含量显著高于其他三组,白球比显著低于其他三组（P＜0.05）;112日龄,血清谷丙转氨酶、谷草转氨酶和碱性磷酸酶含量随NDF水平的提高而显著降低（P＜0.05）。（4）35、70和112日龄,15N、20N和25N组血清超氧化物歧化酶浓度显著高于10N（P＜0.05）组,血清丙二醛浓度低于10N组。【结论】犊牛开食料中NDF水平直接影响进食量和体增重,15—112日龄荷斯坦犊牛开食料中NDF的适宜水平为15%。

关键词: 犊牛, NDF水平, 开食料, 生长性能, 血清生化指标, 血清抗氧化指标

Abstract:

【Objective】 The objective of this study was to determine the effects of different neutral detergent fiber (NDF) levels of starter on growth performance, blood biochemical and antioxidant indices of calves.【Method】Sixty new born dairy calves (24 females and 36 males) with body weight (42 ± 2.5) kg were randomly assigned to four treatment groups (10N, 15N, 20N and 25N) with nine male calves and six female calves each. Each group was fed one of the four starters which had different NDF levels (10%,15%, 20% and 25%, respectively). Starter intake was measured daily, and body weight of calves was measured every two weeks. The body sizes of calves were measured at 35 and 112 days of age, respectively. The concentrations of serum biochemical and antioxidant indices were determined at 35, 70, 90 and 112 days of age prior to morning feeding.【Result】 (1) At the age of 70-112 days, the starter intake of calve in 10N group was significantly lower than that in 25N group (P＜0.5). At the age of 42-70 days, the NDF intake of calf in 20N and 25N groups were significantly higher than that of the 10N and 15N groups (P＜0.05). The NDF intake of calve increased significantly with the dietary NDF level increasing during the 70-112 days (P＜0.05). (2) At the age of 70-112 days and 15-112 days, the body weight gain was increased by 12.67%, 43.56%, 30.17% and 6.16%, 18.09%, 15.16%, respectively in group II than that in group 10N, 20N and 25N (P＜0.05). The wither height was significantly higher in group 15N than that in group 20N and 25N (P＜0.05). The body length and heart girth were significantly higher in group 15N than in group 25N (P＜0.05). (3) At 90 days of age, serum globulin content of group 15N was significantly higher than that of the other three groups, and ALB/GLB value was significantly lower than that of the other three groups (P＜0.05). At 112 days of age, serum glutamic-pyruvic transaminase, glutamic oxalacetic transaminase and alkaline phosphatase were significantly decreased with improved NDF level (P＜0.05). (4) At 35, 70 and 112 days of calf age, the activities of superoxide dismutase of serum in group 15N, 20N and 25N were significantly higher than that in group 10N (P＜0.05), and the content of malondialdehyde in serum of group15N, 20N and 25N were significantly lower than that of group 10N (P＜0.05).【Conclusion】The content of NDF in starter diets had a direct influence on intake and body weight gain of calf, and the optimum level of NDF in starter of calves aged15-112 days was 15%.

Key words: dairy calf, NDF level, starter, growth performance, blood biochemical, antioxidant indices

任春燕,毕研亮,郭艳丽,杜汉昌,于博,屠焰,刁其玉. 开食料中性洗涤纤维水平对犊牛生长性能、血清生化指标和抗氧化功能的影响[J]. 中国农业科学, 2020, 53(2): 440-450.

REN ChunYan,BI YanLiang,GUO YanLi,DU HanChang,YU Bo,TU Yan,DIAO QiYu. Effects of NDF Level of Starter on Growth Performance, Serum Biochemical Parameters and Antioxidant Indices in Calves[J]. Scientia Agricultura Sinica, 2020, 53(2): 440-450.

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图/表 5

表1

表2

表3

表4

开食料NDF水平对犊牛血清生化指标的影响"

项目 Item	处理Treatment				SEM	P值P value
项目 Item	10N	15N	20N	25N	SEM	处理 Tr	日龄 Days	处理×日龄Tr×days
总蛋白TP (g·L^-1)
35-112日龄35-112 d	69.94	70.13	69.57	68.56	1.97	0.86	0.59	0.79
35日龄 35 d	67.97	67.77	67.73	69.83	3.37	0.54
70日龄70 d	69.07	71.28	68.36	69.72	3.71	0.39
90日龄 90 d	70.79	72.57	71.50	67.21	3.38	0.10
112日龄112 d	71.91	68.90	70.70	67.49	3.59	0.22
白蛋白ALB (g·L^-1)
35-112日龄35-112 d	29.31	28.96	28.87	29.31	0.78	0.91	0.10	0.61
35日龄 35 d	27.60	27.76	27.52	30.01	1.46	0.08
70日龄70 d	29.74	29.58	28.44	28.30	1.46	0.33
90日龄 90 d	29.97	29.35	30.45	29.42	1.33	0.41
112日龄112 d	29.95	29.15	29.09	29.51	1.41	0.55
球蛋白GLB (g·L^-1)
35-112日龄35-112 d	40.62	41.17	40.65	38.96	1.55	0.52	0.92	0.81
35日龄 35 d	40.37	40.04	40.21	38.70	2.84	0.54
70日龄70 d	39.32	41.70	39.89	41.37	3.01	0.39
90日龄 90 d	40.83ab	43.21a	40.89ab	37.80b	2.72	0.04
112日龄112 d	41.98	39.75	41.61	37.98	2.90	0.17
白蛋白/球蛋白A/G
35-112日龄35-112 d	0.73	0.71	0.72	0.76	0.03	0.28	0.79	0.56
35日龄 35 d	0.69	0.70	0.69	0.79	0.06	0.07
70日龄70 d	0.76	0.72	0.72	0.70	0.06	0.25
90日龄 90 d	0.74ab	0.69b	0.75ab	0.78a	0.05	0.05
112日龄112 d	0.72	0.74	0.71	0.78	0.05	0.13
甘油三酯 TG (mmol·L^-1)
35-112日龄35-112 d	0.75	0.71	0.68	0.52	0.16	0.51	0.30	0.55
35日龄 35d	0.71	0.78	0.30	0.40	0.26	0.06
70日龄70d	0.77	0.83	0.86	0.61	0.28	0.42
90日龄 90d	0.68	0.70	0.90	0.55	0.27	0.20
112日龄112 d	0.84	0.51	0.68	0.54	0.24	0.92
谷丙转氨酶 ALT (U·L^-1)
35-112日龄35-112 d	15.82	13.91	12.14	10.88	1.63	0.03	<0.01	0.00
35日龄 35 d	9.35	10.15	8.10	9.65	2.72	0.44
70日龄70 d	10.74	9.72	9.33	10.42	2.88	0.60
90日龄 90 d	16.78	16.35	14.81	13.31	2.61	0.17
112日龄112 d	26.43a	19.47b	16.31c	10.15d	10.11	<0.01
谷草转氨酶 AST (U·L^-1)
35-112日龄35-112 d	125.66	118.79	113.79	111.52	6.24	0.15	< 0.01	0.03
35日龄 35 d	101.66	107.04	98.74	104.99	10.92	0.43
70日龄70 d	103.46	108.68	106.12	109.02	10.92	0.61
90日龄 90 d	135.27	127.77	119.74	123.03	10.52	0.15
112日龄112 d	162.26a	131.66b	130.57b	109.04c	11.60	< 0.01
碱性磷酸 ALP (U·L^-1)
3-112日龄35-112 d	189.47	175.91	174.82	173.4	9.34	0.30	0.17	0.11
35日龄 35 d	181.69	167.51	184.88	197.51	17.72	0.10
70日龄70 d	196.73	191.44	172.35	182.83	16.84	0.13
90日龄 90 d	177.94	178.75	181.73	155.48	15.27	0.09
112日龄112 d	201.52a	165.94b	160.32b	157.77b	15.27	0.01

表4

表5

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原料 Ingredient	处理Treatment
原料 Ingredient	10N	15N	20N	25N
玉米Corn	60.00	48.70	38.00	26.50
豆粕Soybean meal	27.70	25.30	22.20	20.13
麸皮Wheat bran	8.00	8.00	8.00	8.00
苜蓿Alfalfa hay	0	6.90	16.00	21.80
燕麦草Oat grass	0	7.00	12.00	20.00
石粉Limestone	2.22	2.00	1.67	1.45
磷酸氢钙CaHPO₄	0.73	0.75	0.78	0.77
食盐NaCl	0.35	0.35	0.35	0.35
预混料Premix¹⁾	1.00	1.00	1.00	1.00
合计Total	100.00	100.00	100.00	100.00
营养水平Nutrient levels
干物质（风干基础）DM（air-dry basis）	88.30	86.83	88.72	88.69
代谢能ME（MJ/kg）²⁾	2.73	2.61	2.48	2.36
粗蛋白质CP	18.40	18.46	18.87	18.97
粗脂肪EE	4.60	3.28	3.21	3.50
中性洗涤纤维NDF	10	15	20	25
酸性洗涤纤维ADF	6.30	10.50	12.75	16.42
粗灰分Ash	7.58	7.77	8.59	9.19
钙Ca	1.15	1.09	1.15	1.10
磷 P	0.50	0.49	0.53	0.48

采食量 Feed intake	处理Treatment				标准误 SEM	P值 P value
采食量 Feed intake	10N	15N	20N	25N	标准误 SEM	P值 P value
15-42 d
开食料Starter（kg·d^-1）	0.26	0.25	0.27	0.23	0.13	0.76
NDF（g·d^-1）	26.14	36.64	53.69	57.25	17.26	0.22
42-70 d
开食料Starter（kg·d^-1）	0.83	0.93	0.93	0.87	0.13	0.43
NDF（g·d^-1）	82.55c	139.29b	186.24a	216.74a	17.21	＜0.01
断奶前 Preweaning（15-70 d）
开食料Starter（kg·d^-1）	0.54	0.59	0.60	0.55	0.13	0.67
NDF（g·d^-1）	54.37b	88b	120ab	137.07a	17.22	＜0.01
断奶后Post weaning（70-112 d）
开食料Starter（kg·d^-1）	3.19b	3.36ab	3.31ab	3.49a	0.12	0.02
NDF（g·d^-1）	319.69d	505.57c	662.29b	874.07a	16.24	＜0.01

项目 Item	处理 Treatment (Tr)				标准误 SEM	P值 P value
项目 Item	10N	15N	20N	25N	标准误 SEM	P值 P value
始重 Initial weight (kg)	42.73	41.58	42.25	42.35	0.50	0.97
体增重 Body weight gain (kg)
15-42日龄 15-42 d	21.42.	21.04	20.86	19.38	2.52	0.42
42-70日龄 42-70 d	20.36	22.00	20.75	21.25	2.58	0.51
15-70日龄 15-70 d	42.13	43.04	41.61	40.63	2.52	0.32
70-112日龄 70-112 d	33.55ab	37.80a	26.33b	29.04b	2.56	＜0.01
15-112日龄 15-112 d	75.57ab	80.23a	67.94b	69.67b	2.56	＜0.01
体尺 Body size (cm)
35日龄35 d
体高 Wither height	81.30	80.11	80.18	79.60	1.24	0.16
体斜长 Body length	85.53a	84.57ab	84.52ab	81.50b	1.78	0.02
胸围 Heart girth	90.40	90.83	90.86	90.70	1.57	0.77
腰角宽 Hip width	21.71	20.89	21.14	20.86	0.50	0.09
十字高 Hip height	86.17	85.07	86.00	85.00	1.41	0.39
112日龄 112 d
体高 Wither height	93.53ab	95.54a	93.21b	93.02b	1.29	0.05
体斜长 Body length	106.96ab	108.18a	106.12ab	103.9b	1.90	0.02
胸围 Heart girth	117.62ab	120.35a	117.39ab	116.87b	1.63	0.03
腰角宽 Hip width	26.19	26.42	26.37	26.50	0.52	0.55
十字高 Hip height	100.71	102.81	100.91	100.93	1.45	0.15

项目 Item	处理Treatment				SEM	P值P value
项目 Item	10N	15N	20N	25N	SEM	处理 Treatment	日龄 Day	处理×日龄 Treatment×day
总抗氧化能力 T-AOC (U·mL^-1)
3-112日龄35-112 d	9.15	8.90	9.04	9.11	0.18	0.49	< 0.01	0.68
35日龄35 d	8.95	8.61	9.17	9.18	0.37	0.11
70日龄70 d	8.54	8.31	8.29	8.43	0.35	0.47
90日龄 90 d	9.08	8.96	9.21	8.90	0.33	0.36
112日龄112 d	10.03	9.72	9.47	9.92	0.33	0.10
谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶 GSH-PX (U·mL^-1)
35-112日龄35-112 d	955.39	936.53	952.77	961.40	10.69	0.09	< 0.01	0.69
35日龄 35 d	972.99	958.88	975.41	970.58	20.02	0.42
70日龄70 d	925.21a	874.6b	904.58ab	926.14a	18.88	0.01
90日龄 90 d	951.13	929.53	939.57	962.13	22.77	0.16
112日龄112 d	972.24	983.09	991.50	986.75	29.76	0.52
过氧化氢酶 CAT (U·mL^-1)
35-112日龄35-112 d	9.71	9.81	9.51	9.65	0.26	0.69	< 0.01	0.83
35日龄 35 d	9.91	10.23	9.71	9.92	0.51	0.29
70日龄70 d	9.22	8.60	8.54	8.88	0.51	0.19
90日龄 90 d	9.61	9.63	9.58	9.74	0.49	0.78
112日龄112 d	10.09	10.77	10.20	10.05	0.47	0.13
超氧化物歧化酶 SOD (U·mL^-1)
35-112日龄35-112 d	75.70	79.36	78.79	79.69	1.70	0.10	< 0.01	0.09
35日龄 35 d	74.84b	75.64ab	75.57ab	81.55a	3.22	0.03
70日龄70 d	68.06	67.63	68.20	67.30	2.91	0.76
90日龄 90 d	71.39b	76.31a	77.05a	74.68ab	2.777	0.05
112日龄112 d	88.49b	97.87a	94.33a	95.24a	3.06	0.00
丙二醛 MDA (nmol·mL^-1)
35-112日龄35-112 d	5.79	5.48	5.55	5.69	0.16	0.24	< 0.01	0.24
35日龄 35 d	5.27	5.23	5.60	5.85	0.346	0.081
70日龄70 d	6.40	6.28	6.14	6.38	0.35	0.45
90日龄 90 d	6.02	5.72	5.79	6.00	0.33	0.36
112日龄112 d	5.47a	4.69b	4.68b	4.52b	0.33	0.01

开食料中性洗涤纤维水平对犊牛生长性能、血清生化指标和抗氧化功能的影响

Effects of NDF Level of Starter on Growth Performance, Serum Biochemical Parameters and Antioxidant Indices in Calves

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