中国农业科学 ›› 2019, Vol. 52 ›› Issue (20): 3536-3545.doi: 10.3864/j.issn.0578-1752.2019.20.005
曹玉军1,3,吴杨1,刘志铭1,崔红1,2,吕艳杰1,姚凡云1,魏雯雯1,王永军1()
收稿日期:
2018-10-13
接受日期:
2018-12-20
出版日期:
2019-10-16
发布日期:
2019-10-28
通讯作者:
王永军
作者简介:
曹玉军,E-mail:caoyujun828@163.com。
基金资助:
YuJun CAO1,3,Yang WU1,ZhiMing LIU1,Hong CUI1,2,YanJie LÜ1,FanYun YAO1,WenWen WEI1,YongJun WANG1()
Received:
2018-10-13
Accepted:
2018-12-20
Online:
2019-10-16
Published:
2019-10-28
Contact:
YongJun WANG
摘要:
【目的】 探讨叶源调减(“减源”)对不同密度群体的产量,干物质及氮、磷、钾元素积累转运的影响,以期为东北春玉米密植高产及养分利用效率的进一步提高提供理论依据。【方法】 以生产上大面积种植的玉米品种先玉335为试验材料,采用裂区试验设计,主区为不同密度,分别为常规生产种植(60 000株/hm 2)和高密度种植(90 000株/hm 2);副区为不同减源强度处理,于开花吐丝期将植株的每1片绿叶横剪1/2、1/3、1/4(用T1、T2、T3表示),不剪叶为对照(CK),测定吐丝期(减源后)至成熟期植株干物质及氮、磷、钾积累与转运情况。【结果】 在常规生产种植密度下,不同减源处理的穗粒数、百粒重、产量均较CK显著降低(P<0.05),其中T1、T2、T3处理分别较CK平均减产32.1%、20.3%和11.9%;而高密度处理,T3处理显著提高了穗粒数,产量显著增加,较CK增产7.7%。与CK相比,不同减源处理均提高了营养器官干物质及氮、磷、钾养分转运率,减源程度越大,干物质与养分转运率越高,其中在常规生产种植条件下,T1处理营养器官的氮、磷、钾转运率2年平均分别较CK提高25.4%、19.1%、10.7%,T2处理的分别提高14.3%、9.8%、5.2%,T3处理的分别提高19.0%、10.7%、8.4%;在高密度种植条件下,T1处理营养器官的氮、磷、钾转运率2年平均分别较CK提高17.1%、12.8%、5.8%,T2处理的分别提高12.6%、8.0%、3.6%,T3处理的分别提高14.9%、11.3%、3.9%。常规生产种植条件下不同减源处理降低了籽粒中氮、磷、钾的积累量,而高密度种植条件下适当减源,籽粒中氮、磷、钾的积累量有所提高,其中T3处理2年平均比CK提高11.8%、6.9%、6.1%,而T1、T2处理籽粒氮、磷、钾积累量2年均值分别比CK降低20.4%、23.4%、20.0%和10.3%、15.6%、16.0%。【结论】 高密度玉米群体存在叶片冗余,适当减少叶源量(剪叶1/4),促进了营养器官干物质和氮、磷、钾营养元素向籽粒的合理转运,提高了成熟期籽粒氮、磷、钾营养元素的积累量,显著提高产量。因此,在玉米生产中合理增加密度,在高密度群体下适当调减叶源量,是春玉米进一步高产和养分高效的有效途径。
曹玉军,吴杨,刘志铭,崔红,吕艳杰,姚凡云,魏雯雯,王永军. 减源对不同密度春玉米开花后干物质及 氮、磷、钾积累转运的影响[J]. 中国农业科学, 2019, 52(20): 3536-3545.
YuJun CAO,Yang WU,ZhiMing LIU,Hong CUI,YanJie LÜ,FanYun YAO,WenWen WEI,YongJun WANG. Effects of Sources Reduction on Accumulation and Remobilization of Dry Matter and Nitrogen, Phosphors and Potassium of Spring Maize Under Different Densities After Flowering[J]. Scientia Agricultura Sinica, 2019, 52(20): 3536-3545.
Table 2
Effects of different source reduction on yield and yield components of maize"
年份 Year | 种植密度 Planting density (×104 plants/hm2) | 处理 Treatment | 穗粒数 Grain number per ear | 百粒重 100-kernel weight (g) | 秃尖长 Bare tip length (cm) | 产量 Yield (kg·hm-2) |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
2014 | 6.0 | CK | 586.7a | 33.6a | 0.5c | 11231.2a |
T1 | 478.7c | 27.2c | 3.7a | 7676.1d | ||
T2 | 506.7c | 30.4b | 2.1b | 8961.9c | ||
T3 | 548.0b | 31.0b | 1.9b | 9840.6b | ||
9.0 | CK | 512.5b | 30.5a | 1.7a | 12741.7b | |
T1 | 490.5c | 26.4b | 2.4a | 10283.9c | ||
T2 | 500.4b | 28.8ab | 2.0b | 11825.9b | ||
T3 | 542.2a | 31.7a | 0.5b | 13648.6a | ||
2015 | 6.0 | CK | 560.7a | 33.0a | 0.4c | 11047.8a |
T1 | 495.2c | 26.1b | 3.9a | 7447.9d | ||
T2 | 502.3c | 30.6b | 2.0b | 8798.4c | ||
T3 | 532.3b | 32.3ab | 1.8b | 9790.3b | ||
9.0 | CK | 505.3b | 31.4a | 1.9a | 12411.6b | |
T1 | 476.7b | 27.0b | 2.4a | 10149.1d | ||
T2 | 481.3b | 29.0b | 2.0a | 11465.5c | ||
T3 | 539.3a | 32.0a | 0.6b | 13444.8a | ||
ANOVA | 年份 Year | ns | ns | ns | ns | |
密度 Density (D) | * | * | ns | ** | ||
处理 Treatment (T) | * | * | * | ** | ||
密度×处理 (D×T) | ** | * | ns | * |
表3
不同减源处理干物质积累与转运"
年份 Year | 种植密度 Planting density (×104 plants/hm2) | 处理 Treatment | 叶片干重 Leaf weight (g) | 转运量 Remobilization (g/plant) | 转运率 Remobilization efficiency (%) | 茎鞘干重 Stem-sheath weight (g/plant) | 转运量 Remobilization (g/plant) | 转运率 Remobilization efficiency (%) | ||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
吐丝期 Silking stage | 成熟期 Mature stage | 吐丝期 Silking stage | 成熟期 Mature stage | |||||||
2014 | 6.0 | CK | 46.0a | 38.3a | 7.7b | 16.7d | 136.2a | 122.2a | 14.0d | 10.3c |
T1 | 30.5d | 21.6d | 8.9a | 29.1a | 136.3a | 108.0c | 28.5a | 20.8a | ||
T2 | 38.0c | 29.4c | 8.6a | 22.5b | 136.1a | 110.4c | 25.6b | 18.8a | ||
T3 | 42.0b | 33.5b | 8.5ab | 20.3c | 135.9a | 117.1b | 18.8c | 13.7b | ||
9.0 | CK | 42.0a | 35.5a | 6.5a | 15.9c | 124.8a | 108.1a | 16.8c | 13.4c | |
T1 | 30.7d | 24.0d | 6.7a | 21.8a | 124.3a | 100.7 | 23.7a | 19.0a | ||
T2 | 33.5c | 27.1c | 6.4a | 19.2b | 125.0a | 104.2 | 20.7b | 16.6b | ||
T3 | 36.1b | 30.2b | 6.0b | 16.5c | 124.2a | 106.5 | 17.7c | 14.3c | ||
2015 | 6.0 | CK | 45.4a | 38.4a | 7.0b | 15.5d | 140.9a | 123.7 | 17.2d | 12.2c |
T1 | 32.2d | 23.0d | 9.2a | 28.4a | 141.0a | 109.7 | 31.3a | 22.2a | ||
T2 | 38.8c | 30.1c | 8.7a | 22.4b | 140.5a | 114.9 | 25.6b | 18.2b | ||
T3 | 41.1b | 32.7b | 8.4ab | 20.5c | 141.1a | 120.6 | 20.5c | 14.5c | ||
9.0 | CK | 42.3a | 35.8a | 6.5a | 15.3c | 127.1a | 110.6 | 16.5c | 13.0c | |
T1 | 30.3d | 23.2d | 6.9a | 23.2a | 127.1a | 100.3 | 26.8a | 21.1a | ||
T2 | 32.7c | 26.0c | 6.7a | 20.5b | 127.4a | 104.3 | 23.2b | 18.2b | ||
T3 | 36.7b | 30.7b | 6.1a | 16.4c | 127.5a | 110.0 | 17.5c | 13.7c |
表4
不同减源处理叶片和茎鞘氮、磷、钾养分转运率"
年份 Year | 种植密度 Planting density (×104 plants/hm2) | 处理 Treatment | 氮N (%) | 磷P (%) | 钾K (%) | |||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
叶片 Leaf | 茎鞘 Stem-sheath | 叶片 Leaf | 茎鞘 Stem-sheath | 叶片 Leaf | 茎鞘 Stem-sheath | |||
2014 | 6.0 | CK | 42.9 | 45.5 | 42.1 | 53.6 | 61.2 | 24.5 |
T1 | 53.8 | 54.9 | 47.3 | 63.2 | 70.4 | 29.9 | ||
T2 | 51.1 | 53.4 | 46.3 | 59.3 | 66.8 | 26.8 | ||
T3 | 46.5 | 49.5 | 44.5 | 54.8 | 64.6 | 27.3 | ||
9.0 | CK | 43.8 | 41.5 | 41.3 | 46.9 | 61.4 | 25.9 | |
T1 | 52.2 | 50.1 | 44.8 | 55.6 | 66.8 | 32.3 | ||
T2 | 46.5 | 48.9 | 43.7 | 54.0 | 65.3 | 31.2 | ||
T3 | 45.6 | 45.1 | 44.3 | 49.2 | 63.4 | 26.9 | ||
2015 | 6.0 | CK | 43.9 | 46.9 | 57.3 | 54.2 | 59.6 | 24.7 |
T1 | 55.7 | 53.5 | 62.3 | 60.5 | 71.7 | 30.3 | ||
T2 | 48.5 | 53.9 | 59.6 | 58.6 | 67.1 | 27.5 | ||
T3 | 45.7 | 50.6 | 58.5 | 56.8 | 66.4 | 25.9 | ||
9.0 | CK | 45.2 | 43.9 | 46.7 | 46.1 | 61.6 | 19.4 | |
T1 | 51.7 | 50.3 | 53.5 | 52.9 | 68.4 | 26.0 | ||
T2 | 50.8 | 50.6 | 51.0 | 50.0 | 64.8 | 26.0 | ||
T3 | 48.4 | 45.4 | 49.8 | 47.2 | 62.7 | 21.9 | ||
ANOVA | 年份 Year | ns | ns | ns | ns | ns | * | |
密度 Density | ns | ** | ** | ** | ns | * | ||
处理 Treatment | ** | ** | ns | ** | ** | ** |
表5
不同处理籽粒氮磷钾积累及营养器官养分转运贡献率"
年份 Year | 种植密度 Planting density (×104 plants/hm2) | 处理 Treatment | 成熟期籽粒 氮积累 Grain N at physiological maturity (g/plant) | 营养器官 氮转运贡献 Proportion of remobilize N in grain from vegetative organs | 成熟期籽粒 磷积累 Grain P at physiological maturity (g/plant) | 营养器官 磷转运贡献 Proportion of remobilize P in grain from vegetative organs | 成熟期籽粒 钾积累 Grain K at physiological maturity (g/plant) | 营养器官钾 转运贡献率 Proportion of remobilize K in grain from vegetative organs |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
2014 | 6.0 | CK | 2.13 | 41.12 | 0.38 | 43.45 | 0.69 | 55.40 |
T1 | 1.56 | 59.11 | 0.35 | 47.24 | 0.57 | 60.74 | ||
T2 | 1.79 | 54.89 | 0.36 | 43.61 | 0.60 | 58.63 | ||
T3 | 1.85 | 50.60 | 0.36 | 43.47 | 0.64 | 60.41 | ||
9.0 | CK | 1.72 | 39.72 | 0.32 | 33.02 | 0.51 | 60.30 | |
T1 | 1.41 | 52.60 | 0.25 | 44.99 | 0.41 | 75.14 | ||
T2 | 1.61 | 48.92 | 0.28 | 38.74 | 0.43 | 73.20 | ||
T3 | 1.96 | 35.03 | 0.34 | 31.38 | 0.53 | 59.16 | ||
2015 | 6.0 | CK | 2.15 | 42.64 | 0.35 | 46.56 | 0.67 | 54.30 |
T1 | 1.58 | 61.20 | 0.29 | 54.72 | 0.49 | 73.12 | ||
T2 | 1.87 | 52.84 | 0.33 | 48.54 | 0.54 | 63.18 | ||
T3 | 1.92 | 48.77 | 0.34 | 49.24 | 0.57 | 59.92 | ||
9.0 | CK | 1.72 | 45.75 | 0.32 | 31.41 | 0.49 | 62.91 | |
T1 | 1.35 | 57.39 | 0.24 | 41.51 | 0.39 | 70.20 | ||
T2 | 1.50 | 53.83 | 0.26 | 37.84 | 0.41 | 73.31 | ||
T3 | 1.92 | 40.32 | 0.34 | 29.58 | 0.52 | 58.88 | ||
ANOVA | 年份 Year | ns | ns | ns | ns | ns | ns | |
密度 Density | ** | ** | * | ** | ** | * | ||
处理 Treatment | ** | ** | * | ** | ** | ** |
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