大豆胞囊线虫抗性位点Rhg1和Rhg4优异等位变异在黄淮育成品种中的分布

doi:10.3864/j.issn.0578-1752.2019.15.001

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

【目的】大豆胞囊线虫（soybean cyst nematode,SCN）病是一种重要的世界性大豆病害,种植抗病品种是防治SCN最经济有效的措施。黄淮地区SCN发生普遍,通过对该地区育成大豆品种中抗SCN的基因型分析,为指导抗病品种的合理有效利用提供依据。【方法】利用针对抗SCN主效位点Rhg1和Rhg4开发的4个KASP标记,先对已知抗性表型的ZDD2315、中黄57、山西小黑豆等16份抗病材料和Willams、Lee等3份感病材料进行基因分型,验证所选用KASP标记的有效性;然后对黄淮海育成的豫豆系列、商豆系列、周豆系列等170份大豆品种进行基因型鉴定;选择含有多个优异等位变异的品种,通过温室接种黄淮地区分布较广的2号、4号、5号以及强致病力小种X12,对这些品种进一步进行表型抗性鉴定。【结果】含Rhg1-2(CC) 和Rhg1-5(CC) 优异等位变异的品种分别有5份和6份,含Rhg4-3(TT) 和Rhg4-5(CC) 优异等位变异的品种分别有6份和7份。同时含2个优异等位变异的品种有6份,分别为：开豆4号、商豆1201、鲁0305-2、漯4903、潍豆12和潍豆91861,占所检测品种的3.53%。通过接种鉴定,发现这6个品种对2号、4号、X12号小种均表现不同程度的感病,而鲁0305-2和潍豆91861对5号小种表现高抗（FI分别为（10.00±0.48）和（7.00±0.63））,商豆1201对5号小种表现抗病（FI=（26.20±0.91））,开豆4号、漯4903和潍豆12 对5号小种表现感病或高感（FI分别为（35.00±2.48）、（64.80±3.91）和（58.20±2.19））。【结论】黄淮育成品种中,含Rhg1或Rhg4优异等位变异的品种偏少,育种中应注重优异等位变异位点的引入,结合黄淮地区大豆胞囊线虫发生情况,培育兼抗多个生理小种的大豆品种;这些KASP标记可用于中国大豆资源表型鉴定、抗源的快速筛选。

关键词: 大豆, 大豆胞囊线虫, 优异等位变异, 黄淮, 抗源筛选

Abstract:

【Objective】The disease caused by soybean cyst nematode (SCN, Heterodera glycines) is an important worldwide soybean disease. Planting SCN-resistant cultivars has formed the primary basis for controlling SCN. SCN spread widely and infect heavily in the Huang-Huai Valleys almost wherever soybean is grown. This study genotyped the SCN resistance alleles distributed in Huang-Huai soybean varieties and the results will provide scientific basis for guiding the rational and effective utilization of resistant varieties. 【Method】In this study, four KASP developed from Rhg1 and Rhg4 loci were selected. The validity of selected KASP marker were verified by genotyping 16 known resistant varieties such as ZDD2315, Zhonghuang 57 and ShanxiXiaoheidou together with 3 known susceptible varieties such as Willams and Lee. Then, 170 soybean varieties cultivated from Huang-Huai Valleys, such as Yudou series, Shangdou series and Zhoudou series were genotyped. The resistance level of the varieties harboring more than two resistance alleles were tested by inoculating race 2, race 4, race 5 and new race X12 in greenhouse, respectively. These races are distributed widely Huang Huai Valley. 【Result】 There were 5 and 6 varieties harboring Rhg1-2(CC) and Rhg1-5(CC) resistance alleles, respectively. There were 6 and 7 varieties harboring Rhg4-3(TT) and Rhg4-5(CC) resistance alleles, respectively. There were 6 varieties names Kaidou 4, Shangdou 1201, Lu 0305-2, Luo 4903, Weidou12 and Weidou 91861 which harboring 2 or more resistance alleles and accounted 3.53% in tested varieties. By inoculation, the 6 varieties showed different sensitive degree to race 2, race 4 or race X12. Lu 0305-2 and Weidou 91861 showed high resistance to race 5 with FI (10.00 ± 0.48) and (7.00 ± 0.63), respectively. Shangdou 1201 showed resistance to race 5 with FI (26.20 ± 0.91). Kaidou 4, Luo 4903 and Weidou12 showed sensitive or high sensitive to race 5 with FI (35.00 ± 2.48), (64.80 ± 3.91) and (58.20 ± 2.19), respectively. 【Conclusion】The results showed that SCN-resistant alleles in Rhg1 or Rhg4 were rare in the released Huang Huai Valleys varieties. More attention should be paid to introduce SCN-resistant alleles in cultivating varieties. Combined with the dominant race of SCN distributed in Huang Huai Valley, the varieties that resistant to multiple races should be given priority in breeding. The four KASP used in this study could be used to phenotype and screen the resistant sources.

Key words: soybean, soybean cyst nematode, resistance alleles, Huang-Huai Valleys, screen resistant sources

练云,李海朝,李金英,王金社,魏荷,雷晨芳,武永康,卢为国. 大豆胞囊线虫抗性位点Rhg1和Rhg4优异等位变异在黄淮育成品种中的分布[J]. 中国农业科学, 2019, 52(15): 2559-2566.

LIAN Yun,LI HaiChao,LI JinYing,WANG JinShe,WEI He,LEI ChenFang,WU YongKang,LU WeiGuo. Distribution of Soybean Cyst Nematode Resistance Allele Rhg1 and Rhg4 in Huang-Huai Soybean Varieties[J]. Scientia Agricultura Sinica, 2019, 52(15): 2559-2566.

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品种 Varieties	2号小种 Race 2		4号小种 Race 4		5号小种 Race 5		X12号小种 Race X 12
品种 Varieties	胞囊数目 No. of Cysts	胞囊指数 FI	胞囊数目 No. of Cysts	胞囊指数 FI	胞囊数目 No. of Cysts	胞囊指数 FI	胞囊数目 No. of Cysts	胞囊指数 FI
Lee68	179.40±9.57	—	195.40±6.36	—	111.40±8.08	—	380.00±18.99	—
开豆4号 Kaidou 4	299.67±23.19	167.04	234.00±14.06	119.75	35.00±2.48	31.42	263.80±6.75	69.42
商豆1201 Shangdou 1201	264.25±48.70	147.30	210.40±16.65	107.68	26.20±0.91	23.52	231.50±21.00	60.92
鲁0305-2 Lu 0305-2	311.40±38.23	173.58	185.80±7.88	95.09	10.00±0.48	8.98	186.75±20.03	49.14
漯4903 Luo 4903	223.60±19.52	124.64	237.20±17.80	121.39	64.80±3.91	58.17	231.80±20.74	61.00
潍豆12 Weidou 12	134.80±14.95	75.14	228.40±12.90	116.89	58.20±2.19	52.24	321.80±13.89	84.68
潍豆91861 Weidou 91861	192.00±12.96	107.02	108.60±7.72	55.58	7.00±0.63	6.28	206.80±18.57	54.42

重复	品种Varieties	胞囊数目No. of Cysts	胞囊指数FI
	Lee68	487.25±28.59	—
I	商豆1201 Shangdou 1201	288.13±11.18	59.13
	鲁0305-2 Lu0305-2	180.50±11.88	37.04
	潍豆91861 Weidou 91861	64.38±2.82	22.29
II	Lee68	288.86±11.78	—
	潍豆91861 Weidou 91861	52.25±1.89	18.09

生理小种 Race	接种量（虫卵/杯） Inoculation density (Eggs/cup)	Lee68	中黄57 Zhonghuang57	胞囊指数 FI
2号小种 Race 2	2000	108.00±59.87	20.20±0.80	9.44
	6000	194.20±41.90	2.40±0.51	1.24
	6000	281.60±69.90	20.60±2.40	7.32
4号小种 Race 4	2000	182.60±36.40	22.20±3.31	12.16
	6000	242.14±44.82	331.80±45.45	137.03
	6000	278.13±30.62	250.57±55.28	90.09