中国农业科学 ›› 2015, Vol. 48 ›› Issue (11): 2152-2164.doi: 10.3864/j.issn.0578-1752.2015.11.007
段灿星,王晓鸣,宋凤景,孙素丽,周丹妮,朱振东
收稿日期:
2015-01-12
出版日期:
2015-06-01
发布日期:
2015-06-01
通讯作者:
王晓鸣,Tel:010-82109606;E-mail:wangxiaoming@caas.cn
作者简介:
段灿星,E-mail:duancanxing@caas.cn
基金资助:
DUAN Can-xing, WANG Xiao-ming, SONG Feng-jing, SUN Su-li, ZHOU Dan-ni, ZHU Zhen-dong
Received:
2015-01-12
Online:
2015-06-01
Published:
2015-06-01
摘要: 玉米是世界上最重要的农作物之一,中国玉米总产量占全国所有谷物产量的38.12%。穗腐病是玉米生产中的重要病害,在降低玉米产量和品质的同时,产生的毒素也危害人畜安全。抗性品种的选育和利用是控制玉米穗腐病的经济、安全和有效措施。目前,国内外对玉米穗腐病的致病菌进行了较为详细的研究,鉴定出40余种病原真菌,其中拟轮枝镰孢、禾谷镰孢和黄曲霉引起的穗腐病发生普遍,危害最为严重。建立了4种玉米抗穗腐病鉴定的方法,即双牙签接种法、花丝喷雾法、花丝通道注射法和针刺果穗注射法,从数千份玉米种质资源中筛选出一批抗拟轮枝镰孢、禾谷镰孢或黄曲霉穗腐病的材料。明确了玉米抗穗腐病的物理与生化机制,主要表现为抗侵染和抗扩散两个方面。对部分材料进行了抗性遗传分析和抗性基因QTL定位研究,在玉米1—8号染色体上检测到60余个抗黄曲霉侵染或抑制黄曲霉毒素积累的QTL;定位了55个抗拟轮枝镰孢穗腐病、29个抗禾谷镰孢穗腐病、16个抗伏马毒素和DON毒素的QTL,并通过meta-QTL分析获得了数个能稳定表达且贡献率较大的QTL位点。创制了10余份抗穗腐病种质,育成了少数对穗腐病具有较好抗性的玉米新品种。尽管如此,抗性研究和抗病育种成果用于生产实践的事例仍很少,生产上缺乏抗穗腐病且高产优质的玉米品种。本文从玉米穗腐病病原类型、抗性种质筛选与评价、抗性遗传及抗性基因的发掘与分子定位、抗性机制、抗病品种的选育等方面对国内外玉米抗穗腐病研究进行了综述,并对今后的相关研究进行了展望,以期对促进玉米抗穗腐病研究有所裨益。
段灿星,王晓鸣,宋凤景,孙素丽,周丹妮,朱振东. 玉米抗穗腐病研究进展[J]. 中国农业科学, 2015, 48(11): 2152-2164.
DUAN Can-xing, WANG Xiao-ming, SONG Feng-jing, SUN Su-li, ZHOU Dan-ni, ZHU Zhen-dong. Advances in Research on Maize Resistance to Ear Rot[J]. Scientia Agricultura Sinica, 2015, 48(11): 2152-2164.
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