碱性盐胁迫对超干贮藏苜蓿种子幼苗生长及抗性的影响

doi:10.3864/j.issn.0578-1752.2014.13.016

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 【目的】研究经硅胶脱水处理并密封贮藏1年后，不同含水量陇东紫花苜蓿（Medicago sativa L. cv. Longdong）种子在碱性盐胁迫下的出苗、幼苗生长情况及抗性。【方法】采用硅胶干燥法对种子进行不同时间的脱水处理（0、12、24、48、72、96、120、144、216 h），将种子置于透气网袋并埋入硅胶，种子与硅胶的比例1﹕10（w/w），每天定期更换经120℃高温烘干至恒重的硅胶，分别得到不同含水量的种子（9.03%、7.09%、6.93%、6.36%、5.72%、5.46%、5.18%、4.97%、4.59%）。铝箔密封并于室温下通风干燥处贮藏1年后，以NaHCO3和 Na2CO3按9﹕1摩尔比混合，模拟典型胁迫环境，设置15 mmol•L-1碱性盐胁迫，并结合Hoagland营养液进行室内盆栽沙培试验。【结果】超干处理对碱性盐胁迫条件下苜蓿种子的萌发、植株的高度生长、根系的长度生长及根瘤形成无明显促进作用。30 d时，含水量大于5.46%的5个处理组植株的出苗数与对照比差异不显著，而随着含水量的继续降低，含水量小于5.18%的4个盆栽处理组出苗数显著低于对照；60 d时，各超干处理幼苗间株高无显著差异，除4.59%含水量处理植株的根瘤数显著低于对照，仅为对照的21.41%外，其他各处理根瘤数与对照比差异不显著，根系长度除7.09%和4.97%含水量处理显著高出对照外，其余各处理与对照比差异不显著。适度含水量处理下，植株的生物量、根体积和叶片数有不同程度提高。各超干处理的地上与地下部鲜重指标变化趋势基本一致，即6.93%、6.36%、5.72%和4.97%的超干处理植株鲜重显著高于对照，地上部鲜重为对照的125.08%—147.84%，地下部鲜重为对照的128.36%—271.11%；除6.93%含水量超干处理植株的地上与地下部干重指标显著高于对照，分别为对照的169.75%和370.16%外，其他各处理的地下部干重与对照比差异不显著；除4.59%含水量超干处理幼苗的地上部干重显著低于对照，其余各处理与对照比差异不显著。60 d时，6.93%和6.36%含水量处理植株的根体积显著高于对照，分别为对照的175.68%和189.21%, 6.93%、6.36%和4.97%含水量处理的植株叶片数显著高于对照，其他各处理与对照比差异不显著。盆栽60 d将植株洗出时，6.93%、6.36%、5.72%、5.46%、5.18%、4.97%等6个含水量处理植株根系活力提高137.45%—199.62%，5.72%、5.46%、5.18%、4.97%等4个含水量处理植株可溶性糖含量提高176.76%—294.20%，所有超干处理种子所得植株的叶绿素含量均高于对照，为对照的137.82%—211.76%，而所有超干处理植株的MDA含量均低于对照，仅为对照的4.66%—51.69%。【结论】对陇东紫花苜蓿种子进行适度超干处理和贮藏有利于其植株生物量、根体积的增加以及叶片的生长和叶绿素的形成，可以促进植株根系活力的提高以及胁迫下植株抗性的增强，表明适度超干处理作为种子预处理方式，可以促进苜蓿种子在碱性盐胁迫条件下的萌发及幼苗的生长。

关键词: 含水量 , 紫花苜蓿 , 生长 , 生理特性

Abstract: 【Objective】 The objective of the experiment is to study the effect of ultra-drying storage on emergence, growth and resistance of alfalfa (Medicago sativa L. cv. Longdong) seedlings derived from seeds with different moisture contents that grew under alkaline salt stress. 【Method】 Alfalfa seeds were packaged into porous nylon bags, placed into hermetic desiccator and buried in cooled silica gel that diurnally dried at 120℃ and temporally (0, 12, 24, 48, 72, 96, 120, 144 and 216 h) differently ultra-dried, then the seed moisture contents were reduced to 9.03% (CK), 7.09%, 6.93%, 6.36%, 5.72%, 5.46%, 5.18%, 4.97% and 4.59%, respectively. The ratio between seeds and silica gel was 1﹕10 (w/w). All the treated seeds were sealed in aluminum foil packages and stored in a desiccator fulfilled with dried silica gel at ambient temperature. After 1-year storage, NaHCO3 and Na2CO3 were mixed at the mole ratio of 9﹕1 to imitate the typical stress conditions, and 15 mmol•L-1 alkaline salt stresses was used to conduct the pot culture with sand using Hoagland solution. 【Result】 The results showed that no significant acceleration of seed ultra-drying storage was observed in seedling emergence, shoot height, root elongation and nodule formation. On day 30, no significant seedling emergence difference was found between 7.09%, 6.93%, 6.36%, 5.72% and 5.46% treatments and the control, while as the decrease of seed moisture contents, seedling emergence in 5.18%-4.59% treatments was found significantly lower than that of the control. On day 60, no significant difference was found in shoot height among all the treatments and the control, together with the nodule number of all treatments except the significantly low level of 4.59% treatment which was only 21.41% of the control. On day 60, root length of 7.09% and 4.97% treatments was significantly higher than the control while no significant difference was found between other seed moisture contents and the control. Moderate seed ultra-drying treatment promoted plant biomass, root volume and individual leaf number. Fresh weight of above ground and under ground parts presented a similar tendency: the value of 6.93%, 6.36%, 5.72% and 4.97% treatments was significantly higher, which were 125.08%-147.84% and 128.36%-271.11% times of the control, respectively. As for the dry weight, only 6.93% treatment was found significantly higher, which were 169.75% and 370.16% times of the control, for above ground and under ground parts, respectively, and all the other treatments were found insignificant compared with the control, except the significant low level of 4.59% treatment in above ground dry weight. On day 60, root volume of 6.93% and 6.36% treatments were 175.68% and 189.21% times of the control, and individual leaf numbers of 6.93%, 6.36% and 4.97% treatments were found significantly higher than the control. Plant root activity increased to 137.45%-199.62% in 6.93%, 6.36%, 5.72%, 5.46%, 5.18% and 4.97% treatments, plant soluble sugar content increased to 176.76%-294.20% in 5.72%, 5.46%, 5.18% and 4.97% treatments, respectively, compared with control. Chlorophyll content of all ultra-dried treatments was 137.82%-211.76% times of the control, while MDA content of all ultra-dried treatments was only 4.66 %-51.69% of the control.【Conclusion】 Moderate seed ultra-drying and storage accelerated plant biomass, root volume, leaf growth and the formation of chlorophyll, and increased root activity and seedling resistance under alkaline stress, indicating that as a kind of seed pre-treatment method, moderate seed ultra-drying promoted the seedling emergence and growth under alkaline stress conditions.

Key words: moisture content , alfalfa , growth , physiological characteristics

霍平慧, 李剑峰, 师尚礼, 张淑卿. 碱性盐胁迫对超干贮藏苜蓿种子幼苗生长及抗性的影响[J]. 中国农业科学, 2014, 47(13): 2643-2651.

HUO Ping-Hui, LI Jian-Feng, SHI Shang-Li, ZHANG Shu-Qing. Effect of Seed Ultra-Drying Storage on Growth and Resistance of the Medicago sativa Seedlings Affected by Alkaline Salt Stress[J]. Scientia Agricultura Sinica, 2014, 47(13): 2643-2651.

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