草甸草原区不同植物群落牧草的青贮效果

doi:10.3864/j.issn.0578-1752.2013.12.018

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 【目的】探讨草甸草原区16个不同植物群落天然牧草青贮效果及可行性。【方法】以草甸草原区16个站点牧草为试验材料，将鲜草切短装入聚乙烯袋中，然后用真空包装机抽真空并封口，贮藏60d后进行青贮料发酵品质（pH值，氨态氮（NH3-N），乳酸（LA），乙酸（AA），丙酸（PA），丁酸（BA），总酸（TA））和营养成分分析（缓冲能值（BC），干物质（DM），粗蛋白（CP），可溶性碳水化合物（WSC），中性洗涤纤维（NDF），酸性洗涤纤维（ADF））评定。【结果】大部分原料干物质和可溶性碳水化合物含量较高，缓冲能较低，适合调制青贮。与原料相比，青贮后各站点材料干物质含量，可溶性碳水化合物，中性洗涤纤维和酸性洗涤纤维含量均不同程度地降低，除站点5和14，而粗蛋白含量降低和提高的约各占一半。16份青贮料间pH、氨态氮占总氮比值，4种有机酸和总酸含量及主要养分（DM、CP、WSC、NDF和ADF）均存在显著差异（P＜0.05）。青贮料pH为4.56—5.69，氨态氮占总氮比例较低。【结论】本试验青贮饲料发酵品质的评定等级可分为优（1、8、9、13、14、15），良（2、10、12），中（5，16）和劣（3、4、6、7、11）。

关键词: 草甸草原 , 植物群落 , 天然牧草 , 青贮 , 化学成分 , 青贮品质

Abstract: 【Objective】 The silage quality and feasibility of sixteen plant communities in meadow steppe were studied in this paper. 【Method】 Fresh grass from 16 sites in meadow steppe were loaded after cutting into polyethylene bag to be vacuumed and sealed. After 60 days, the silage fermentation quality(pH value, content of ammonia nitrogen（NH3-N）, lactic acid（LA）, acetic acid（AA）, propionic acid（PA）, butyric acid（BA）and total acid（TA）) and chemical composition(Buffering capacity（BC）, content of dry matter（DM）, crude protein（CP）, water-soluble carbohydrate（WSC）, neutral detergent fiber（NDF）and acid detergent fiber（ADF）) were analyzed. 【Result】 Many of the raw materials were suited to silage, because of their lower buffering capacity and higher content of dry matter and water-soluble carbohydrate. The contents of dry matter, WSC, NDF and ADF in each silage were lower than them in each raw materials, except in sites 5 and 14. But the change of CP content in silage had no trend compared with raw materials. There were significant differences in pH value, NH3-N/TA, contents of four organic acids and total acid and contents of nutrient compositions (DM, CP, WSC, NDF and ADF) among 16 silage materials(P＜0.05). The silage pH value was from 4.56 to 5.69, with lower value of NH3-N/TA.【Conclusion】 The rating of silage fermentation quality could be divided into optimal(1, 8, 9, 13, 14, 15), good(2, 10, 12), medium (5, 16) and bad(3, 4, 6, 7, 11).

Key words: meadow steppe , plant community , native grass , silage , chemical composition , silage quality

王红梅, 孙启忠, 花梅. 草甸草原区不同植物群落牧草的青贮效果[J]. 中国农业科学, 2013, 46(12): 2566-2575.

WANG Hong-Mei, SUN Qi-Zhong, HUA Mei. Studies on Native Grass Silage of Different Plant Communities in Meadow Steppe[J]. Scientia Agricultura Sinica, 2013, 46(12): 2566-2575.

0
/ / 推荐

导出引用管理器 EndNote|Reference Manager|ProCite|BibTeX|RefWorks

链接本文: https://www.chinaagrisci.com/CN/10.3864/j.issn.0578-1752.2013.12.018

https://www.chinaagrisci.com/CN/Y2013/V46/I12/2566

参考文献

[1]马青枝. 几种方法调制的牧草氨基酸分析. 内蒙古农牧学院学报, 1991, 12(4): 55-58.

Ma Q Z. Amino acid contents and their changing patterns in forages made by different methods. Journal of Inner Mongolia Institute of Agriculture & Animal Husbandry, 1991, 12(4): 55-58. (in Chinese)

[2]玉柱, 白春生, 孙启忠, 薛艳林, 韩立英, 于艳冬. 不同添加剂对无芒雀麦青贮品质的影响. 中国农业科技导报, 2008, 10(4): 76-81.

Yu Z, Bai C S, Sun Q Z, Xue Y L, Han L Y, Yu Y D. The effect of different silage additives on the quality of bromegrass silage. Journal of Agricultural Science and Technology, 2008, 10(4): 76-81. (in Chinese)

[3]Phillip L E, Underhill L, Garino H. Effects treating Lucerne with an inoculum of lactic acid bacteria or formic acid upon chemical changes during fermentation and upon the nutritive value of the silage for lambs. Grass and Forage Science, 1990, 45(3): 337-344.

[4]王莹, 玉柱. 不同添加剂对披碱草青贮发酵品质的影响. 中国奶牛, 2010, (4): 21-24.

Wang Y, Yu Z. Effect of additives on quality of Elymus dahuricus turcz silage. China Dairy Cattle, 2010, (4): 21-24. (in Chinese)

[5]Sneddon D M, Thomas V M, Roffer R E, Glen A M. Laboratory investigations of hydroxide-treated sunflower or alfalfa-grass silage. Journal of Animal Science, 1981, 53(6): 1623-1628.

[6]张立中. 我国草甸草原畜牧业发展方向及主导生产项目选择. 北方经济, 2008, 9: 42-43.

Zhang L Z. Development direction of animal husbandry and selection of leading production project of meadow steppe in China. Northern Economy, 2008, 9: 42-43. (in Chinese)

[7]东北农学院. 家畜饲养学. 北京: 农业出版社, 1979: 135-149.

Northeast Agricultural College. Animal Feeding Science. Beijing: Agricultural Press, 1979: 135-149. (in Chinese)

[8]吴健. 畜牧科学概论. 北京: 中国农业出版社, 2010: 96-101.

Wu J. Introduction to Animal Husbandry Science. Beijing: China Agriculture Press, 2010: 96-101. (in Chinese)

[9]李晓霞. 不同添加剂对8种牧草青贮效果的影响[D]. 兰州: 甘肃农业大学, 2008.

Li X X. Effect of different silage additives on eight forage     species silage[D]. Lanzhou: Gansu Agricultural University, 2008. (in Chinese)

[10]Ashbell G, Weinberg Z G, Hen Y, Filya I. The effects of temperature on the aerobic stability of wheat and corn silages. Journal of Industrial Microbiology & Biotechnology, 2002, 28: 261-263.

[11]王林, 张慧杰, 玉柱, 徐春城, 孙启忠. 苜蓿与直穗鹅观草混贮发酵品质研究. 草业科学, 2011, 28(10): 1888-1893.

Wang L, Zhang H J, Yu Z, Xu C C, Sun Q Z. The fermentation quality of mixed silage of Medicago sativa and Roegneria turczaninovii. Pratacultural Science, 2011, 28(10): 1888-1893. (in Chinese)

[12]Playne M J, McDonald P. The buffering constituents of herbage and silage. Journal of the Science of Food Agriculture, 1966, 17(6): 264-268.

[13]郭望山, 孟庆翔. 杜马斯燃烧法与凯氏法测定饲料含氮量的比较研究. 畜牧兽医学报, 2006, 37(5): 464-468.

Guo W S, Meng Q X. Comparison of kjeldahl and dumas combustion methods for determination of nitrogen content in feedstuffs.      Acta Veterinaria et Zootechnica Sinica, 2006, 37(5): 464-468. (in Chinese)

[14]Guimaraes J R, Goncalves L C, Rodrigues J A S, Jayme D G, Pires D A de A, Borges A L C C, Rodriguez N M, Saliba E O S, Borges I. Dry matter, crude protein, ammoniacal nitrogen and pH of three pearl millet genotypes silages [ Pennisetum glaucum (L). R. Br. ] in different fermentation periods. Revista Brasileirade Milhoe Sorgo, 2005, 4(2): 251-258.

[15]许庆方, 玉柱, 韩建国, 白春生, 薛艳林, 荀桂荣. 高效液相色谱法测定紫花苜蓿青贮中的有机酸. 草原与草坪, 2007, 2: 63-67.

Xu Q F, Yu Z, Han J G, Bai C S, Xue Y L, Xun G R. Determining organic acid in Alfalfa silage by HPLC. Grassland and Turf, 2007, 2: 63-67. (in Chinese)

[16]Brown W F, Pate F M. Concentration and degradation of nitrogen fractions in selected protein feeds. Journal Dairy Science, 1995, 73(1): 36.

[17]Koehler L H. Differentiation of carbohydrate by anthrone reaction rate and colour intensity. Analytical Chemistry, 1952, 24: 1576-1579.

[18]McDonald D, Henderson A R. Determination of water-soluble Carbohydrates in grass. Journal of the Science of Food and Agriculture, 1964, 15: 395-398.

[19]张丽英. 饲料分析及饲料质量检测技术. 北京: 中国农业大学出版社, 2007: 64-78.

Zhang L Y. Feed Analysis and Feed Quality Testing Technology. Beijing: China Agricultural University Press, 2007: 64-78. (in Chinese)

[20]Van Soest P J, Robertson J B, Lewis B A. Methods for dietary   fiber, neutral detergent fiber, and nonstarch polysaccharides in relation to animal nutrition. Journal Dairy Science, 1991, 74(10): 3583-3597.

[21]李改英, 陈玉霞, 廉红霞, 高腾云. 苜蓿青贮品质评定指标体系及测定方法的概述. 草业科学, 2010, 27(8): 151-154.

Li G Y, Chen Y X, Lian H X. Gao T Y. Review on quality evaluating index system and measuring methods for Alfalfa silage. Pratacultural Science, 2010, 27(8): 151-154. (in Chinese)

[22]刘建新, 杨振海, 叶均安, 史占全, 吴跃明. 青贮饲料的合理调制与质量评定标准. 饲料工业, 1999, 20(3): 4-7.

Liu J X, Yang Z H, Ye J A, Shi Z Q, Wu Y M. Reasonable modulation and quality evaluation criteria of silage. Feed Industry, 1999, 20(3): 4-7. (in Chinese)

[23]王昆昆, 玉柱, 邵涛, 刘平督. 乳酸菌制剂对不同比例苜蓿和披碱草混贮发酵品质的影响. 草业学报, 2010, 19(4): 94-100.

Wang K K, Yu Z, Shao T, Liu P D. Effects of lactobacillus on fermentation quality of mixed silage of Medicago sativa and Elymus dahuricus. Acta Prataculturae Sinica, 2010, 19(4): 94-100. (in Chinese)

[24]斯迪. 怎样根据牧草物候决定割草期. 农村养殖技术, 1999, (5): 24.

Si D. How to decide the cradling period of forage according to phenological phase. Rural Breeding Technology, 1999, (5): 24. (in Chinese)

[25]周德宝, 蔡义民. 纤维分解酶对青贮饲料发酵特性的影响. 山东农业大学学报, 1999, 30 (4): 367-371.

Zhou D B, Cai Y M. Effect of cellulose on the fermentation characteristics of silage. Journal of Shandong Agricultural University, 1999, 30 (4): 367-371. (in Chinese)

[26]孙娟娟, 玉柱, 薛艳林, 毛培胜, 白春生, 许庆方, 单战. 添加剂对羊草青贮发酵品质和体外消化率的影响. 草地学报, 2007, 15(3): 238-242.

Sun J J, Yu Z, Xue Y L, Mao P S, Bai C S, Xu Q F, Shan Z. Effects of different additive treatments on fermentation quality and in vitro digestibility of Leymus chinensis silage. Acta Agrestia Sinica, 2007, 15(3): 238-242. (in Chinese)

[27]Charrnley E, Savoie P, Mcqueen R E. Influence of maceration at cutting on lactic acid bacteria populations, silage fermentation and voluntary intake and digestibility of precision-chopped lucerne silage. Grass and Forage Science, 1997, 52: 110-121.

[28]Muck R E. Dry matter level effects on alfalfa silage quality I. Nitrogen transformations. Trans ASAE (American Society of Agricultural Engineers), 1987, 30(1): 7-14.

[29]刘建新. 干草秸秆青贮饲料加工技术. 北京: 中国农业科学技术出版社, 2003: 75-143.

Liu J X. Silage Processing Technology of Hay and Straw. Beijing: China's Agricultural Science and Technology Press, 2003: 75-143. (in Chinese)

[30]韩瑞丽, 井文倩译. 赵宏坤校. 添加绿汁发酵液对苜蓿青贮料发酵品质的影响. 江西饲料, 2003, (1): 31-33.

Han R L, Jing W Q, tr. Zhao H K, ed. Effects of green fermentation juice on fermentation quality of Alfalfa silage. Jiangxi Feed, 2003, (1): 31-33. (in Chinese)