草甸草原关键物种功能性状对长期放牧和停牧恢复的响应

doi:10.3864/j.issn.0578-1752.2023.18.016

中国农业科学 ›› 2023, Vol. 56 ›› Issue (18): 3693-3708.doi: 10.3864/j.issn.0578-1752.2023.18.016

• 畜牧·兽医 • 上一篇

草甸草原关键物种功能性状对长期放牧和停牧恢复的响应

司雨凡¹^,²(), 李辉²^,³, 李子好²^,³, 姜翠霞²^,³, 郭昊南²^,³, 杨培志¹, 席杰军¹, 闫瑞瑞², 乌仁其其格⁴, 山丹⁴, 辛晓平²()

¹ 西北农林科技大学草业与草原学院，陕西杨凌 712100
² 呼伦贝尔草原生态系统国家野外科学观测研究站/中国农业科学院农业资源与农业区划研究所，北京 100081
³ 兰州大学生态学院，兰州 734000
⁴ 呼伦贝尔学院农林学院，内蒙古呼伦贝尔 021008

收稿日期:2022-10-22 接受日期:2023-06-15 出版日期:2023-09-16 发布日期:2023-09-21
通信作者:
辛晓平，E-mail：xinxiaoping@caas.cn
联系方式: 司雨凡，E-mail：yufan@nwafu.edu.cn。
基金资助:
国家自然科学基金重点项目(32130070); 国家重点研发计划(2021YFD1300500)

Response of Functional Traits of Key Species in Meadow Steppe to Long-Term Grazing and Grazing Exclusion

SI YuFan¹^,²(), LI Hui²^,³, LI ZiHao²^,³, JIANG CuiXia²^,³, GUO HaoNan²^,³, YANG PeiZhi¹, XI JieJun¹, YAN RuiRui², WURENQIQIGE⁴, SHAN Dan⁴, XIN XiaoPing²()

¹ College of Prataculture and Grassland，Northwest A&F University，Yangling 712100, Shaanxi
² National Field Scientific Observation and Research Station of Hulunbuir Grassland Ecosystem / Institute of Agricultural Resources and Regional Planning, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081
³ College of Ecology, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000
⁴ School of Agriculture and Forestry, Hulunbuir University, Hulunbuir 021008, Inner Mongolia

Received:2022-10-22 Accepted:2023-06-15 Published:2023-09-16 Online:2023-09-21

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

【目的】植物功能性状对环境变化及外部干扰的响应，反映了植物的表型塑性、生存策略及适应能力。通过长期放牧条件下草原植物功能性状的变化及停止放牧后的恢复响应研究，为草原恢复管理的研究提供理论依据。【方法】探究了生长季不同放牧梯度下呼伦贝尔草甸草原6个关键物种（羊草、日阴菅、糙隐子草、斜茎黄芪、裂叶蒿、细叶白头翁）叶片功能性状（叶片干重、叶片含水量、叶面积、比叶面积、叶片氮含量、叶片磷含量、叶片C/N、叶片N/P）的变化，以及生长季停止放牧后的草甸草原关键物种叶片功能性状的即时恢复响应。【结果】（1）6个关键物种的相对生物量和重要值随放牧强度增加而减小，轻度和重度放牧强度停止放牧后的值大于继续放牧。（2）6个关键物种的叶片干重、叶片C/N整体随放牧强度的增加呈减小趋势；叶片含水量、比叶面积、叶片氮含量整体随放牧强度的增加呈增大趋势；除裂叶蒿外各物种叶面积都随放牧强度增加而减小；叶片磷含量除糙引子草外都随放牧强度增加呈增大趋势；随放牧强度增加，羊草、日阴菅、糙隐子草、细叶白头翁的叶片N/P整体呈增大趋势，而斜茎黄芪、裂叶蒿呈减小趋势。（3）停止放牧后，重度放牧的恢复程度高于轻度放牧，6个关键物种的功能性状整体恢复较好，叶片干重、叶片含水量、叶面积、比叶面积、叶片N/P都表现为正响应、叶片磷含量呈现负响应，叶片氮含量、叶片C/N在6个关键物种中正负响应不一，叶片氮含量的正响应少于负响应，叶片C/N的正响应多于负响应。（4）禾草类的叶片形态学性状、杂类草的养分特征对停止放牧后的恢复更敏感，且叶片干重、叶面积和叶片磷含量对放牧强度和物种的交互作用的响应更为显著。停止放牧后，随6个关键种叶面积、叶片氮含量、叶片N/P的增加，叶片干重也在增加。【结论】长期放牧导致草原植物个体小型化，停止放牧后植物功能性状正响应多于负响应，草原植被功能出现明显的恢复响应，草甸草原的地上生物量有所增加。

关键词: 长期放牧, 停止放牧, 叶片功能性状, 恢复力, 草甸草原

Abstract:

【Objective】The response of plant functional traits to environmental changes and external disturbances reflects the phenotypic plasticity, survival strategies and adaptability of plants. The study on the changes of functional traits of grassland plants under long-term grazing and the recovery response after stopping grazing can provide a theoretical basis for grassland restoration management. 【Method】In this study, the changes of leaf functional traits (leaf dry mass, leaf total water content, leaf area, specific leaf area, leaf nitrogen content, leaf phosphorus content, leaf C/N raito, leaf N/P ratio) of six key species (Leymus chinensis,Carex pediformis,Cleistogenes squarrosa,Astragalus adsurgens,Artemisia tanacetifolia L.,Pulsatilla turczaninovii) in Hulunbuir meadow steppe under different grazing intensities during growing season were studied. The immediate recovery response of leaf functional traits of key species in meadow steppe after stopping grazing during growing season was discussed. 【Result】(1) The relative biomass and importance values of the six key species decreased with the increase of grazing intensity, and the values of light and heavy grazing intensity after stopping grazing were greater than that after continuing grazing. (2)The leaf dry mass and leaf C/N ratio of six key species decreased with the increase of grazing intensity; the leaf total water content, specific leaf area and leaf nitrogen content increased with the increase of grazing intensity; the leaf area of all species except Artemisia tanacetifolia L. decreased with the increase of grazing intensity; the leaf phosphorus content increased with the increase of grazing intensity except Cleistogenes squarrosa ; with the increase of grazing intensity, the leaf N/P ratio of Leymus chinensis,Carex pediformis,Cleistogenes squarrosa,Pulsatilla turczaninovii showed an increasing trend, while that of Astragalus adsurgens,Artemisia tanacetifolia L. decreased. (3) After stopping grazing, the resilience of heavy grazing was higher than that of light grazing, and the functional traits of 6 key species recovered better as a whole, leaf dry mass, leaf total water content, leaf area, specific leaf area and leaf N/P ratio showed positive response, leaf phosphorus content showed negative response, leaf nitrogen content and leaf C/N ratio showed different positive and negative responses among six key species, the negative response of leaf nitrogen content was less than positive response, and the positive response of leaf C/N was more than negative response. (4) The leaf morphological traits of grasses and the nutrient characteristics of miscellaneous grasses were more sensitive to recovery after stopping grazing, and the responses of leaf dry mass, leaf area and leaf phosphorus content to the interaction between grazing intensity and species were more significant. After stopping grazing, leaf dry mass of leaves increased with the increase of leaf area, leaf nitrogen content and leaf N/P of the six key species.【Conclusion】Long-term grazing led to individual miniaturization of grassland plants. After stopping grazing, the positive response of plant functional traits is more than negative response, and the grassland vegetation function shows an obvious recovery response, which increases the productivity of the grassland. Above-ground biomass of the meadow grassland increases.

Key words: long-term grazing, stop grazing, leaf functional traits, resilience, meadow steppe

司雨凡, 李辉, 李子好, 姜翠霞, 郭昊南, 杨培志, 席杰军, 闫瑞瑞, 乌仁其其格, 山丹, 辛晓平. 草甸草原关键物种功能性状对长期放牧和停牧恢复的响应[J]. 中国农业科学, 2023, 56(18): 3693-3708.

SI YuFan, LI Hui, LI ZiHao, JIANG CuiXia, GUO HaoNan, YANG PeiZhi, XI JieJun, YAN RuiRui, WURENQIQIGE, SHAN Dan, XIN XiaoPing. Response of Functional Traits of Key Species in Meadow Steppe to Long-Term Grazing and Grazing Exclusion[J]. Scientia Agricultura Sinica, 2023, 56(18): 3693-3708.

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叶片功能性状 Leaf functional traits	放牧强度 Grazing intensity (df=5)		物种 Species (df=5)		放牧强度×物种 Grazing intensity×Species (df=25)
叶片功能性状 Leaf functional traits	F	P	F	P	F	P
叶片干重 Leaf dry mass (g·leaf^-1)	8.792	<0.01	250.251	<0.01	2.948	<0.01
叶片含水量Leaf total water content (%)	4.068	<0.05	109.477	<0.01	0.492	>0.05
叶面积 Leaf area (cm²·leaf^-1)	6.051	<0.01	201.728	<0.01	2.517	<0.01
比叶面积 Specific leaf area	4.998	<0.01	492.491	<0.01	0.973	>0.05
叶片氮含量 Leaf nitrogen content (mg·g^-1)	3.481	<0.01	72.804	<0.01	0.320	>0.05
叶片磷含量 Leaf phosphorus content (mg·g^-1)	13.768	<0.01	243.341	<0.01	2.009	<0.05
叶片C/N C:N ratio (leaf^-1)	4.444	<0.01	60.732	<0.01	0.468	>0.05
叶片N/P N:P ratio (leaf^-1)	0.829	>0.05	22.933	<0.01	0.308	>0.05

草甸草原关键物种功能性状对长期放牧和停牧恢复的响应

Response of Functional Traits of Key Species in Meadow Steppe to Long-Term Grazing and Grazing Exclusion

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