盐胁迫下不同耐盐型玉米品种的生理与代谢响应机制解析

doi:10.3864/j.issn.0578-1752.2026.13.005

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

【目的】玉米（Zea mays L.）是我国重要的粮食作物，然而其对盐胁迫较为敏感，盐胁迫会显著抑制其光合作用并引起代谢紊乱。为此，本研究以不同耐盐型玉米品种为材料，系统探究其在盐胁迫下的光合生理与代谢响应机制，旨在从生理和代谢层面揭示品种间耐盐性差异的内在原因。【方法】以耐盐型玉米品种银玉238（YY238）、禾育157（HY157）和盐敏感型品种先玉335（XY335）为试材进行盆栽试验，设置0 mmol NaCl·L^-1（CK）、120 mmol NaCl·L^-1（S1）和240 mmol NaCl·L^-1（S2）3个盐胁迫浓度梯度。于幼苗六叶期进行胁迫处理，24 h后取样测定净光合速率（P_n）、光合性能指数（PI）、离子含量（K⁺、Na⁺）及丙二醛（MDA）、脯氨酸（Pro）、脱落酸（ABA）、茉莉酸（JA）含量；利用非靶向代谢组学技术分析叶片代谢物，以变量投影重要度（VIP）>1且P<0.05为标准筛选差异代谢物，并通过KEGG数据库进行通路富集分析。【结果】盐胁迫导致净光合速率（P_n）和光合性能指数（PI）均显著下降。与CK相比，盐敏感品种XY335在S2下P_n降幅高达39.8%，而耐盐品种YY238的降幅相对较小，为31.9%。在离子稳态方面，盐胁迫显著降低地上部K⁺/Na⁺比，其中XY335降幅达76.4%，显著高于耐盐品种YY238的74.6%。耐盐品种展现出更强的渗透调节能力，YY238的脯氨酸（Pro）积累增幅达199.2%；与之相反，盐敏感品种XY335的氧化损伤更为严重，其丙二醛（MDA）含量增幅为172.1%。激素响应显示，XY335的脱落酸（ABA）增幅较高，为59.3%，而YY238的茉莉酸（JA）在S2下增幅最大，达到56.3%。代谢组学分析显示，盐胁迫引发品种特异性代谢重编程。盐敏感品种XY335代谢紊乱随胁迫加剧而恶化，差异代谢物数目激增至127个；而耐盐品种则表现出更强的代谢稳态维持能力。耐盐品种特异性积累与抗逆相关的代谢物，YY238显著上调包括Nα-甲基组氨酸和反式乌头酸在内的氨基酸衍生物和有机酸；HY157则特异性积累γ-氨基丁酸、L-谷氨酰胺等氨基酸及其衍生物以及水杨酸等酚酸类物质。相比之下，盐敏感品种XY335主要积累β-胍基丙酸等能量代谢相关核酸代谢物及异烟酸等有机酸。KEGG通路富集分析发现，耐盐品种共同富集于苯丙烷生物合成、ABC转运蛋白等通路；此外，YY238特异性激活了黄酮与黄酮醇生物合成，而HY157则显著富集了丙氨酸、天冬氨酸和谷氨酸代谢通路。【结论】盐胁迫诱导玉米耐盐品种通过维持光合性能与离子稳态、缓解氧化损伤及激活特异性代谢通路以增强适应性。耐盐品种通过精确的离子区隔化维持了较高的光合效率，并通过快速积累渗透调节物质和有效清除活性氧来缓解氧化损伤。在代谢层面，耐盐品种特异性激活苯丙烷类生物合成、氨基酸代谢等通路，为其耐盐性提供了关键的物质与信号基础。

关键词: 玉米, 盐胁迫, 光合特性, 生理响应, 代谢组学, 代谢通路

Abstract:

【Objective】As a major food crop in China, maize (Zea mays L.) is relatively sensitive to salt stress, which significantly inhibits its photosynthesis and causes metabolic disorders. Therefore, this study utilized maize varieties with different levels of salt tolerance to systematically investigate their photosynthetic physiology and metabolic responses under salt stress, with the aim of elucidating the underlying causes of inter-varietal differences in salt tolerance at the physiological and metabolic levels. 【Method】A pot experiment was conducted using salt-tolerant maize varieties Yinyu 238 (YY238) and Heyu 157 (HY157), and the salt-sensitive variety Xianyu 335 (XY335). Three salt stress concentration gradients were established: 0 mmol NaCl·L^-1 (CK), 120 mmol NaCl·L^-1 (S1), and 240 mmol NaCl·L^-1 (S2). Stress treatment was applied at the six-leaf stage of the maize seedlings. Samples were taken at 24 hours after stress treatment to measure the net photosynthetic rate (P_n), photosynthetic performance index (PI), ion content (K⁺, and Na⁺), and the content of malondialdehyde (MDA), proline (Pro), abscisic acid (ABA), and jasmonic acid (JA). Non-targeted metabolomics technology was used to analyze leaf metabolites. Differential metabolites were screened based on a variable importance in projection (VIP) > 1 and P<0.05, and pathway enrichment analysis was performed using the KEGG database. 【Result】Salt stress significantly reduced both P_n and PI. Compared with CK, the salt-sensitive variety XY335 exhibited a maximum P_n reduction of 39.8% under S2, while the salt-tolerant variety YY238 showed a relatively smaller reduction of 31.9%. In terms of ion homeostasis, salt stress significantly decreased the shoot K⁺/Na⁺ ratio, with XY335 experiencing a reduction of 76.4%, significantly higher than the 74.6% reduction in YY238. Salt-tolerant varieties demonstrated stronger osmotic adjustment capacity, with YY238 showing a 199.2% increase in Pro accumulation. In contrast, the salt-sensitive variety XY335 suffered more severe oxidative damage, with a 172.1% increase in MDA content. Hormonal responses indicated that XY335 had a higher increase in ABA (59.3%), while YY238 showed the largest increase in JA under S2, reaching 56.3%. Metabolomic analysis revealed that salt stress induced variety-specific metabolic reprogramming. The metabolic disorder in the salt-sensitive variety XY335 worsened with increasing stress intensity, with the number of differential metabolites surging to 127. In contrast, salt-tolerant varieties exhibited a stronger ability to maintain metabolic homeostasis. Salt-tolerant varieties specifically accumulated stress resistance-related metabolites: YY238 significantly upregulated amino acid derivatives and organic acids, including Nα-methylhistidine and trans-aconitate; HY157 specifically accumulated amino acids and their derivatives, such as γ-aminobutyric acid and L-glutamine, as well as phenolic acids like salicylic acid. In comparison, the salt-sensitive variety XY335 primarily accumulated nucleic acid metabolites related to energy metabolism, such as β-guanidinopropionic acid, and organic acids like isonicotinic acid. KEGG pathway enrichment analysis revealed that salt-tolerant varieties were commonly enriched in pathways, such as phenylpropanoid biosynthesis and ABC transporters. Additionally, YY238 specifically activated the biosynthesis of flavonoids and flavonols, while HY157 was significantly enriched in alanine, aspartate, and glutamate metabolism pathways. 【Conclusion】In summary, salt stress enhanced the adaptability of salt-tolerant maize varieties by maintaining photosynthetic performance and ion homeostasis, mitigating oxidative damage, and activating specific metabolic pathways. Salt-tolerant varieties maintained higher photosynthetic efficiency through precise ion compartmentalization and alleviate oxidative damage by rapidly accumulating osmotic adjustment substances and effectively scavenging reactive oxygen species. At the metabolic level, salt-tolerant varieties specifically activated pathways, such as phenylpropanoid biosynthesis and amino acid metabolism, providing the key material and signaling foundations for their salt tolerance.

Key words: maize, salt stress, photosynthetic characteristics, physiological response, metabolomics, metabolic pathways

马小英, 屈小玉, 李涛, 刘威帆, 刘昊, 马风兰, 万猛虎, 吴娜, 刘吉利. 盐胁迫下不同耐盐型玉米品种的生理与代谢响应机制解析[J]. 中国农业科学, 2026, 59(13): 2815-2827.

MA XiaoYing, QU XiaoYu, LI Tao, LIU WeiFan, LIU Hao, MA FengLan, WAN MengHu, WU Na, LIU JiLi. Analysis of Physiological and Metabolic Response Mechanisms in Maize Varieties with Different Salt Tolerances Under Salt Stress[J]. Scientia Agricultura Sinica, 2026, 59(13): 2815-2827.

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