小豆种质资源苗期耐盐性综合评价及耐盐种质筛选

doi:10.3864/j.issn.0578-1752.2025.21.002

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

【目的】小豆（Vigna angularis）是我国重要的食用豆类作物，但土壤盐渍化严重制约其生产。通过对大规模小豆种质资源进行系统的苗期耐盐性鉴定与评价，为小豆耐盐品种的遗传改良提供优异的种质材料和理论依据。【方法】以398份小豆种质资源为材料，采用水培法，在预先筛选的100 mmol·L^-1 NaCl胁迫浓度下进行处理。测定盐胁迫后的盐害指数和10项根系形态指标，并结合主成分分析和隶属函数法计算各种质的综合耐盐评价值（D值），据此对所有种质的苗期耐盐性进行系统评价与等级划分，比较育成品种、地方品种及野生种等不同类型种质的耐盐性差异。最后，通过逐步回归分析筛选评价小豆苗期耐盐性的核心指标，构建简化评价模型。【结果】盐胁迫显著抑制了小豆幼苗的根系生长，但不同种质间存在广泛的遗传变异。通过主成分分析将10个根系形态指标降维为3个独立的综合主成分，累计贡献率达88.76%。依据综合耐盐评价值（D值）和耐盐等级标准，筛选出B552、B533等一批苗期高耐盐种质。群体比较分析表明，野生种和地方品种较育成品种具有更强的苗期耐盐潜力，其中，野生种耐盐性尤为突出。通过逐步回归分析，明确了根体积、根鲜重、根干重、根平均直径和根交叉点这5个指标的耐盐系数是评价小豆苗期耐盐性的关键指标，并据此建立了最优回归方程。【结论】系统评价了大规模小豆种质资源的苗期耐盐性，不仅发掘了一批优异耐盐种质，还建立了一套基于5个关键根系指标的简化、高效的小豆苗期耐盐性综合评价体系。

关键词: 小豆, 种质资源, 苗期, 耐盐性, 综合评价

Abstract:

【Objective】Adzuki bean (Vigna angularis) is an important legume crop in China, yet, its production is severely constrained by soil salinity. This study aimed to systematically identify and evaluate the salt tolerance of a large-scale adzuki bean germplasm collection to provide elite genetic resources and a theoretical basis for the genetic improvement of salt-tolerant adzuki bean cultivars. 【Method】A total of 398 adzuki bean accessions were evaluated in a hydroponic system under 100 mmol·L^-1 NaCl stress a concentration determined as suitable for screening in preliminary experiments. The salt injury index and 10 root morphological traits of each accession were measured post-treatment. A comprehensive salt tolerance value (D-value) for each accession was calculated using a combination of principal component analysis (PCA) combined with the subordinate function method. Based on the D-value, all accessions were systematically evaluated and classified into different salt tolerance grades. Subsequently, differences in salt tolerance among three germplasm types (cultivars, landraces, and wild accessions) were compared. Finally, stepwise regression analysis was employed to identify key indicators for evaluating seedling salt tolerance and to construct a simplified evaluation model. 【Result】Salt stress significantly inhibited root growth in adzuki bean, but extensive genetic variation was observed among the accessions. PCA effectively reduced the 10 root traits to three independent principal components, accounting for a cumulative 88.76% of the total variation. According to the criteria of a comprehensive salt tolerance value (D-value) and salt tolerance grade, a group of highly tolerant accessions at the seedling stage, such as B552 and B533, were identified. Comparative analysis indicated that wild accessions and landraces exhibited stronger seedling stage salt tolerance potential than cultivars, with wild accessions showing particularly outstanding tolerance. Stepwise regression analysis identified the salt tolerance coefficients of five key traits, including root volume, root fresh weight, root dry weight, average root diameter, and number of root crossing as the key indicators. Based on these indicators, an optimal regression equation with a very high coefficient of determination was established. 【Conclusion】This study systematically evaluated the salt tolerance of a large-scale adzuki bean germplasm collection at the seedling stage. It not only identified a group of elite salt-tolerant accessions, but also established a simplified and efficient comprehensive evaluation system for seedling salt tolerance in adzuki bean based on five key root traits.

Key words: adzuki bean, germplasm resources, seedling stage, salt tolerance, comprehensive evaluation

陈天晓, 曹榕, 宋倩楠, 胡亮亮, 王素华, 王丽侠, 程须珍, 陈红霖. 小豆种质资源苗期耐盐性综合评价及耐盐种质筛选[J]. 中国农业科学, 2025, 58(21): 4317-4332.

CHEN TianXiao, CAO Rong, SONG QianNan, HU LiangLiang, WANG SuHua, WANG LiXia, CHENG XuZhen, CHEN HongLin. Comprehensive Evaluation of Salt Tolerance at the Seedling Stage and Screening of Tolerant Germplasm in Adzuki Bean (Vigna angularis)[J]. Scientia Agricultura Sinica, 2025, 58(21): 4317-4332.

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https://www.chinaagrisci.com/CN/Y2025/V58/I21/4317

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地理来源 Geographical origin	份数 Number of accessions	地理来源 Geographical origin	份数 Number of accessions
中国黑龙江Heilongjiang, China	19	中国湖北Hubei, China	10
中国吉林Jilin, China	25	中国湖南Hunan, China	2
中国辽宁Liaoning, China	50	中国山东Shandong, China	15
中国内蒙古Inner Mongolia, China	12	中国江苏Jiangsu, China	8
中国河北Hebei, China	48	中国安徽Anhui, China	3
中国北京Beijing, China	48	中国广西Guangxi, China	6
中国天津Tianjin, China	9	中国四川Sichuan, China	1
中国山西Shanxi, China	64	中国贵州Guizhou, China	6
中国宁夏Ningxia, China	2	中国云南Yunnan, China	2
中国甘肃Gansu, China	6	中国台湾Taiwan, China	2
中国陕西Shaanxi, China	19	日本Japan	12
中国河南Henan, China	29	总计Total	398

性状 Traits	对照 Control				盐胁迫处理 Salt-stress treatment				盐胁迫较对照变化 Changes in salt stress compared to the control group
性状 Traits	最大值 Max	最小值 Min	均值 Average	变异系数 CV (%)	最大值 Max	最小值 Min	均值 Average	变异系数 CV (%)	均值 Average	变异系数 CV (%)
根长RL	1110.20	154.04	431.12	32.68	637.25	130.42	282.48	25.40	-148.64	-7.28
根投影面积RPA	30.85	4.98	14.82	27.84	22.52	4.23	10.74	22.83	-4.08	-5.01
根体积RV	0.91	0.20	0.41	25.98	0.65	0.13	0.33	24.55	-0.08	-1.43
根尖数RT	2654.50	552.21	1183.82	41.30	1891.67	202.38	690.67	50.04	-493.15	8.74
根分枝数RF	6922.00	585.33	2426.90	65.54	3944.46	411.33	1213.54	64.75	-1213.45	-0.79
根鲜重RFW	1.31	0.11	0.46	31.30	0.69	0.10	0.35	33.35	-0.11	2.05
根干重RDW	0.06	0.01	0.03	24.91	0.04	0.01	0.02	25.38	-0.01	0.47
根交叉点RC	2866.50	135.50	816.58	82.90	1645.00	106.00	384.11	92.63	-432.47	9.73
根表面积RSA	96.93	9.76	46.05	29.37	70.76	7.36	33.39	24.51	-12.66	-4.86
根平均直径RAD	0.48	0.25	0.35	11.17	0.53	0.24	0.38	12.85	0.03	1.68

性状 Traits	最小值 Min	最大值 Max	平均值 Mean	标准差 SD	变异系数 CV (%)
根长RL	0.28	1.70	0.73	0.19	25.55
根投影面积RPA	0.27	1.97	0.79	0.20	25.70
根体积RV	0.25	2.29	0.86	0.24	27.31
根尖数RT	0.19	2.55	0.71	0.30	42.04
根分枝数RF	0.05	2.03	0.62	0.29	46.28
根鲜重RFW	0.07	2.18	0.81	0.24	30.24
根干重RDW	0.41	3.20	0.89	0.24	26.80
根交叉点RC	0.03	2.72	0.55	0.35	63.61
根表面积RSA	0.27	1.97	0.79	0.20	25.03
根平均直径RAD	0.80	1.41	1.09	0.09	8.55

成分 Components	特征值 Eigen values	贡献率 Contribution rate (%)	累计贡献率 Accumulative contribution rate (%)
1	6.38	63.76	63.76
2	1.89	18.93	82.68
3	0.61	6.08	88.76
4	0.41	4.09	92.86
5	0.34	3.38	96.24

性状 Trait	主成分因子Comprehensive factors
性状 Trait	PC1	PC2	PC3
根长RL	0.15	-0.07	-0.37
根投影面积RPA	0.15	0.08	-0.15
根表面积RSA	0.15	0.09	-0.12
根平均直径RAD	-0.01	0.45	0.88
根体积RV	0.14	0.22	0.12
根尖数RT	0.10	-0.29	0.44
根分枝数RF	0.13	-0.22	0.40
根交叉点RC	0.11	-0.28	0.43
根鲜重RFW	0.13	0.15	-0.13
根干重RDW	0.12	0.19	-0.36