基于稻瘟病菌小种变化的吉林省主要粳稻品种抗性评价及利用价值分析

doi:10.3864/j.issn.0578-1752.2023.22.007

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

【目的】稻瘟病严重威胁吉林省水稻的安全生产，选育和利用抗瘟品种是防控稻瘟病最经济、安全的措施。在明晰稻瘟病菌（Magnaporthe oryzae）生理小种类型、分布与致病力的基础上，进行吉林省主要粳稻品种的抗瘟性评价和品种组合利用价值分析，为品种合理布局和高效利用抗病品种提供理论依据。【方法】2021年秋季在吉林省主要稻区采集分离的115份稻瘟病菌菌株中筛选出62个优势单孢菌株，利用7个中国稻瘟病菌生理小种鉴别寄主品种（Chinese differential variety，CDV）对其进行稻瘟病菌生理小种构成和致病力分析；对吉林省主要粳稻品种进行苗期单菌株和田间异地自然诱发抗瘟性鉴定评价；苗期与田间鉴定结果相结合，运用联合抗病性系数（resistance association coefficient，RAC）和联合毒力系数（virulence association coefficient，VAC）分析品种组合的抗病效果。【结果】通过CDV抗性表型可将62个稻瘟病菌菌株划分为7群22个生理小种，优势种群为ZG和ZA，出现频率分别为35.48%和32.26%；优势生理小种依次是ZG1、ZA1和ZA17，出现频率为35.48%、9.68%和8.06%；致病率在40%以上的中等致病力小种为ZA49、ZA1、ZB15、ZB23和ZC15。吉林省主要粳稻品种的苗期单菌株接种鉴定结果表明，抗性频率在80%以上的品种占比为48.89%；田间异地自然诱发抗瘟性鉴定评价结果表明，表现为中抗（MR）以上的品种有14个，占鉴定品种总数的15.56%；中感（MS）品种27个，占比为30%；感病（S）品种35个，占比为38.88%；高感（HS）品种14个，占比为15.56%。通过品种组合联合抗性分析，RAC值高且VAC值低的品种组合具有较好的应用前景。【结论】吉林省62个稻瘟病菌的生理小种结构复杂、多样，不同稻区优势生理小种不同。吉林省主要粳稻品种的抗性较好、抗谱较宽，部分品种间组合具有较高的应用价值。

关键词: 稻瘟病, 水稻品种, 抗性评价, 稻瘟病菌, 生理小种

Abstract:

【Objective】Rice blast poses a serious threat to the safe production of rice in Jilin Province, China. Breeding and utilizing resistant varieties are the most economical, safe, and effective measures to control rice blast. On the basis of clarifying the physiological race forms, distribution, and pathogenicity of Magnaporthe oryzae, the resistance evaluation to rice blast and variety combination utilization value analysis for major japonica rice varieties in Jilin Province were carried out. It will provide a theoretical basis for rational variety deployment and the efficient utilization of resistant varieties.【Method】In the autumn of 2021, 62 dominant single spore strains were selected from 115 strains of M. oryzae collected and isolated from the main rice-growing areas of Jilin Province. These strains were then subjected to physiological race identification and pathogenicity analysis using seven Chinese differential varieties (CDVs). To assess the resistance of primary japonica rice varieties in Jilin Province, single pathogen inoculation at the seedling stage and field-induced resistance evaluation at various locations were carried out. Utilizing the results acquired from both the seedling stage and field identification, the resistance association coefficient (RAC) and virulence association coefficient (VAC) were used to analyze the disease resistance effect of various combinations of varieties.【Result】According to the resistance phenotype of different varieties (CDVs), 62 M. oryzae strains could be divided into 7 groups and 22 physiological races. The dominant physiological groups were ZG and ZA, with frequencies of 35.48% and 32.26%, respectively. The dominant physiological races were ZG1, ZA1, and ZA17, with frequencies of 35.48%, 9.68%, and 8.06%, respectively. The moderately virulent races with a pathogenicity rate of over 40% were ZA49, ZA1, ZB15, ZB23, and ZC15. The results of single-strain inoculation at the seedling stage of the main japonica rice varieties in Jilin Province showed that 48.89% of the tested rice varieties had a seedling blast resistance frequency above 80%. According to the field evaluation of panicle blast resistance, 14 varieties demonstrated moderately resistant (MR), accounting for 15.56% of the evaluated varieties. Additionally, 27 varieties exhibited moderately susceptible (MS), representing 30% of the evaluated varieties. Furthermore, 35 varieties were classified as susceptible (S), making up 38.88% of the evaluated varieties. Finally, 14 varieties exhibited highly susceptible (HS), representing 15.56% of the total. The analysis of disease resistance through the combinations of varieties revealed that the combinations simultaneous presence of a high RAC and low VAC have a good application prospect.【Conclusion】The physiological race structure of the 62 M. oryzae strains in Jilin Province is complex and diverse, with different dominant physiological races in different rice-growing regions. Additionally, the major japonica rice varieties in Jilin Province exhibit strong resistance and a broad resistance spectrum against the rice blast. Moreover, some combinations of varieties possess significant application value.

Key words: rice blast, rice variety, resistance evaluation, Magnaporthe oryzae, physiological race

李莉, 孙玲, 张金花, 邹晓威, 孙辉, 任金平, 姜兆远, 刘晓梅. 基于稻瘟病菌小种变化的吉林省主要粳稻品种抗性评价及利用价值分析[J]. 中国农业科学, 2023, 56(22): 4441-4452.

LI li, SUN ling, ZHANG JinHua, ZOU XiaoWei, SUN Hui, REN JinPing, JIANG ZhaoYuan, LIU XiaoMei. Evaluation of Resistance and Analysis of Utilization Value of the Major Japonica Rice Varieties in Jilin Province Based on the Physiological Race Variation of Magnaporthe oryzae[J]. Scientia Agricultura Sinica, 2023, 56(22): 4441-4452.

图/表 6

表1

表2

表3

22个稻瘟病菌生理小种代表菌株对水稻品种致病性相关分析"

	ZA1	ZA11	ZA17	ZA25	ZA33	ZA35	ZA41	ZA49	ZA57	ZA59	ZB15	ZB23	ZB25	ZB31	ZC1	ZC9	ZC13	ZC15	ZD7	ZE1	ZF1	ZG1
ZA1	1
ZA11	0.002	1
ZA17	0.359**	0.084	1
ZA25	0.177	0.104	0.376**	1
ZA33	0.374**	-0.028	0.406**	0.120	1
ZA35	0.528**	0.045	0.617**	0.336**	0.495**	1
ZA41	0.119	0.445**	0.168	-0.006	0.186	0.231*	1
ZA49	0.524**	0.171	0.528**	0.264*	0.445**	0.650**	0.313**	1
ZA57	0.428**	0.053	0.579**	0.516**	0.328**	0.597**	0.050	0.404**	1
ZA59	0.025	0.436**	0.120	0.146	0.206	0.109	0.354**	0.075	0.048	1
ZB15	0.297**	0.019	0.264*	0.116	0.128	0.516**	0.074	0.301**	0.465**	0.112	1
ZB23	0.300**	0.109	0.220*	0.248*	0.228*	0.498**	0.141	0.396**	0.463**	0.152	0.608**	1
ZB25	-0.062	0.243*	0.166	-0.047	0.303**	0.193	0.387**	0.153	0.090	0.278*	-0.106	0.041	1
ZB31	0.374**	0.070	0.199	0.291**	0.131	0.365**	0.189	0.358**	0.442**	0.165	0.440**	0.519**	0.049	1
ZC1	0.303**	0.143	0.182	-0.053	0.347**	0.374**	0.258*	0.343**	0.216*	0.059	0.254*	0.162	0.076	0.277*	1
ZC9	0.020	0.271*	0.327**	0.141	0.202	0.240*	0.434**	0.133	0.201	0.493**	0.172	0.201	0.360**	0.134	0.051	1
ZC13	0.144	0.195	0.095	-0.027	0.123	0.183	0.291**	0.151	0.090	0.406**	0.266*	0.282**	0.193	0.114	-0.020	0.476**	1
ZC15	0.354**	0.112	0.263*	0.236*	0.230*	0.493**	0.142	0.510**	0.375**	0.084	0.574**	0.625**	0.095	0.506**	0.182	0.021	0.170	1
ZD7	0.277*	0.305**	0.266*	0.120	0.304**	0.436**	0.199	0.366**	0.354**	0.270*	0.440**	0.573**	0.248*	0.299**	0.112	0.215*	0.290**	0.582**	1
ZE1	0.130	0.416**	0.253*	0.081	0.174	0.185	0.483**	0.179	0.127	0.459**	0.008	0.146	0.316**	0.102	0.058	0.628**	0.629**	-0.005	0.285**	1
ZF1	-0.110	0.266*	0.050	0.085	0.063	0.040	0.050	-0.025	-0.059	0.496**	-0.077	-0.056	0.169	0.110	0.161	0.209	0.132	-0.026	0.072	0.247*	1
ZG1	0.156	0.167	0.330**	0.256*	0.210	0.477**	0.154	0.366**	0.404**	0.156	0.490**	0.753**	0.134	0.410**	0.081	0.171	0.120	0.650**	0.617**	0.036	0.094	1

表3

图1

表4

供试水稻品种苗瘟与穗瘟抗性评价"

序号 Serial number	品种 Variety	审定编号 Certification number^a	穗瘟抗性Panicle blast resistance	苗瘟抗性频率 Frequency of seedling blast resistance (%)	序号 Serial number	品种 Variety	审定编号 Certification number^a	穗瘟抗性 Panicle blast resistance	苗瘟抗性频率 Frequency of seedling blast resistance (%)
1	长白25 Changbai 25	2011001	S	56.45	46	九稻87 Jiudao 87	20190042	HS	87.10
2	吉粳305 Jijing 305	20190011	S	96.77	47	九稻617 Jiudao 617	20200017	S	82.26
3	吉粳812 Jijing 812	20190034	S	91.94	48	吉粳88 Jijing 88	2005001	HS	59.68
4	吉粳830 Jijing 830	20200035	S	93.55	49	吉粳511 Jijing 511	2012011	S	53.23
5	长白9号 Changbai 9	1994002	HS	46.77	50	吉粳113 Jijing 113	2014002	MS	48.39
6	吉粳81 Jijing 81	2002024	HS	38.71	51	吉粳306 Jijing 306	20170011	S	87.10
7	吉粳83 Jijing 83	2002018	HS	24.19	52	吉粳809 Jijing 809	2013020	MS	91.94
8	通科29 Tongke 29	2014010	MS	79.03	53	吉粳117 Jijing 117	20170005	S	91.94
9	通系939 Tongxi 939	2014016	S	54.84	54	吉粳525 Jijing 525	20180024	S	53.23
10	通科66 Tongke 66	20190003	MR	83.87	55	吉粳515 Jijing 515	2016006	MS	85.48
11	通系933 Tongxi 933	20180044	S	77.42	56	吉粳528 Jijing 528	20170020	MS	88.71
12	通育269 Tongyu 269	20180023	S	95.16	57	吉粳816 Jijing 816	20180043	HS	54.84
13	通系945 Tongxi 945	20170018	S	58.06	58	吉粳302 Jijing 302	2015003	MS	75.81
14	通禾885 Tonghe 885	20170017	S	72.58	59	通禾899 Tonghe 899	2014026	S	69.35
15	通禾868 Tonghe 868	20200021	MR	96.77	60	通禾887 Tonghe 887	20180022	MS	79.03
16	通科68 Tongke 68	20190014	MR	91.94	61	通科59 Tongke 59	20170031	MS	88.71
17	通禾829 Tonghe 829	20190009	S	83.87	62	通禾99 Tonghe 99	2013013	MR	91.94
18	通禾861 Tonghe 861	20200034	S	75.81	63	通科37 Tongke 37	2016003	MS	95.16
19	通科39 Tongke 39	20180037	S	91.94	64	通禾816 Tonghe 816	2014020	HS	62.90
20	通系943 Tongxi 943	20200036	MS	93.55	65	通禾886 Tonghe 886	20170025	S	85.48
21	吉农大859 Jinongda 859	20170030	MR	91.94	66	通院香518 Tongyuanxiang 518	2016009	MR	33.87
22	吉农大667 Jinongda 667	20190008	MR	96.77	67	通育256 Tongyu 256	2013021	S	72.58
23	吉农大738 Jinongda 738	20180021	MS	95.16	68	九稻39 Jiudao 39	2003002	MS	58.06
24	吉大816 Jida 816	20180020	S	59.68	69	九稻68 Jiudao 68	2013007	S	43.55
25	吉大7 Jida 7	2013005	S	57.38	70	九稻72 Jiudao 72	2013011	MS	79.03
26	吉大158 Jida 158	20170010	S	53.23	71	九稻76 Jiudao 76	2015013	MR	72.58
27	吉大319 Jida 319	国审稻 Guoshendao 20180072	MS	93.55	72	九稻78 Jiudao 78	20170009	MS	50.00
28	吉大817 Jida 817	20190023	MS	83.87	73	九稻80 Jiudao 80	20170026	S	67.74
29	吉大398 Jida 398	国审稻 Guoshendao 20180075	MS	93.44	74	九稻86 Jiudao 86	20180035	MS	80.65
30	吉大粳稻518 Jidajingdao 518	2015010	MS	77.42	75	吉农大138 Jinongda 138	20170019	MR	88.71
31	吉农大531 Jinongda 531	国审稻 Guoshendao 20180076	MS	85.48	76	吉农大168 Jinongda 168	20180042	HS	61.29
32	长粳616 Changjing 616	20180012	S	85.48	77	吉农大809 Jinongda 809	2013017	MS	75.81
33	长乐520 Changle 520	20200038	HS	27.42	78	吉农大538 Jinongda 538	20170003	S	88.71
34	长粳619 Changjing 619	20200009	MS	96.77	79	吉农大158 Jinongda 158	20180034	HS	75.81
35	长粳817 Changjing 817	20200026	MS	78.69	80	吉农大878 Jinongda 878	2013023	S	88.71
36	白粳1号 Baijing 1	2006001	HS	83.87	81	吉农大823 Jinongda 823	2015012	MR	91.94
37	宏科57 Hongke 57	2014001	HS	59.68	82	吉农大505 Jinongda 505	2012003	MS	70.97
38	宏科67 Hongke 67	2011016	MS	53.23	83	庆林998 Qinglin 998	2011020	MR	69.35
39	宏科181 Hongke 181	20170001	HS	48.39	84	东稻4 Dongdao 4	2010004	MR	95.16
40	宏科88 Hongke 88	2011006	S	61.29	85	东稻12 Dongdao 12	20170008	MR	95.16
41	平安粳稻8 Pinganjing 8	2008022	S	95.16	86	吉宏6号 Jihong 6	2014019	S	64.52
42	东稻122 Dongdao 122	20200004	S	69.35	87	五优稻4号 Wuyoudao 4	2016011	S	75.00
43	吉宏29 Jihong 29	20200053	MR	95.16	88	长白19 Changbai 19	2007002	S	82.69
44	吉宏669 Jihong 669	20200050	MS	96.77	89	吉粳313 Jijing 313	20210045	S	98.08
45	九稻325 Jiudao 325	20190004	HS	54.84	90	吉粳821 Jijing 821	20200032	MS	90.38

表4

表5

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序号 Serial number	采集地点 Collection area	数量 Number	小种类别（出现次数） Physiological form (Number of occurrence)	种群数量 Number of the physiological groups	小种数量 Number of the physiological races	优势小种 Predominant race
1	磐石Panshi	7	ZA41 (1), ZC15 (1), ZF1 (2), ZG1 (3)	4	4	ZG1
2	吉林Jilin	6	ZA11 (1), ZA57 (1), ZA59 (1), ZE1 (1), ZG1 (2)	3	5	ZG1
3	和龙Helong	5	ZA25 (1), ZA35 (1), ZB15 (1), ZG1 (2)	3	4	ZG1
4	梅河口Meihekou	6	ZA1 (2), ZA17 (2), ZA49 (1), ZB25 (1)	2	4	ZA1, ZA17
5	柳河Liuhe	6	ZE1 (1), ZG1 (5)	2	2	ZG1
6	长春Changchun	6	ZA57 (1), ZB31 (1), ZG1 (4)	3	3	ZG1
7	松原Songyuan	3	ZG1 (3)	1	1	ZG1
8	东丰Dongfeng	12	ZA1 (1), ZB15 (1), ZB23 (1), ZB31 (1), ZC9 (1), ZC13 (3), ZE1 (2), ZG1 (2)	5	8	ZC13
9	公主岭Gongzhuling	11	ZA1 (3), ZA17 (3), ZA33 (1), ZB25 (1), ZC1 (1), ZD7 (1), ZG1 (1)	5	7	ZA1, Z17

品种 Variety	通科66 Tongke 66	通禾868 Tonghe 868	通科68 Tongke 68	吉农大859 Jinongda 859	吉农大667 Jinongda 667	吉宏29 Jihong 29	通禾99 Tonghe 99	吉农大138 Jinongda 138	吉农大823 Jinongda 823	东稻4 Dongdao 4	东稻12 Dongdao 12
通科66 Tongke 66		0.03	0.03	0	0.02	0.02	0.02	0.02	0.02	0.05	0
通禾868 Tonghe 868	0.84		0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0.02	0
通科68 Tongke 68	0.79	0.89		0.02	0	0	0.02	0.02	0.02	0	0.02
吉农大859 Jinongda 859	0.76	0.89	0.85		0	0.02	0.02	0.05	0.03	0	0
吉农大667 Jinongda 667	0.82	0.94	0.89	0.89		0.02	0	0	0	0.02	0
吉宏29 Jihong 29	0.81	0.92	0.87	0.89	0.94		0	0.02	0	0.02	0
通禾99 Tonghe 99	0.77	0.89	0.85	0.85	0.89	0.87		0.02	0.02	0.02	0
吉农大138 Jinongda 138	0.74	0.85	0.82	0.87	0.85	0.85	0.82		0.05	0	0
吉农大823 Jinongda 823	0.77	0.89	0.85	0.87	0.89	0.87	0.85	0.85		0	0.02
东稻4 Dongdao 4	0.82	0.94	0.87	0.87	0.94	0.92	0.89	0.84	0.87		0
东稻12 Dongdao 12	0.79	0.92	0.89	0.87	0.92	0.90	0.87	0.84	0.89	0.90