基于甘蔗产量与土壤磷素平衡的磷肥施用量研究

doi:10.3864/j.issn.0578-1752.2021.13.011

中国农业科学 ›› 2021, Vol. 54 ›› Issue (13): 2818-2829.doi: 10.3864/j.issn.0578-1752.2021.13.011

• 土壤肥料·节水灌溉·农业生态环境 • 上一篇下一篇

基于甘蔗产量与土壤磷素平衡的磷肥施用量研究

区惠平(),周柳强,黄金生,朱晓晖,曾艳,彭嘉宇,谢如林,谭宏伟(),李忠宁,沈小微,刘昔辉

广西壮族自治区农业科学院农业资源与环境研究所/农业农村部华南植物营养与施肥技术科学观测实验站,南宁 530007

收稿日期:2020-08-21 修回日期:2020-10-22 出版日期:2021-07-01 发布日期:2021-07-12
通讯作者: 谭宏伟
作者简介:区惠平,E-mail： ouhuiping2006@163.com。
基金资助:
国家重点研发项目(2020YFD1000600);国家自然科学基金项目(32060293);国家自然科学基金项目(31860350);国家自然科学基金项目(31750368);国家自然科学基金项目(31860157);国家自然科学基金项目(31860159);广西科技重大专项(桂科AA17204078-2);广西科技重大专项(桂科AA20108002-2);广西科技重大专项(桂AB18221027);广西农科院项目(桂农科2021YT036);广西农科院项目(桂农科2020YM110);广西农科院项目(桂农科2019Z12);广西农科院项目(桂农科2019ZX123);广西农科院项目(桂农科2018YM27);广西农科院项目(桂农科盟202013);农业农村部西南山地农业环境重点实验室开放基金(AESMA-OPP-2019003)

Research on Phosphorus Application Rate Based on Sugarcane Yield and Phosphorus Balance in Soil

OU HuiPing(),ZHOU LiuQiang,HUANG JinSheng,ZHU XiaoHui,ZENG Yan,PENG JiaYu,XIE RuLin,TAN HongWei(),LI ZhongNing,SHEN XiaoWei,LIU XiHui

Agricultural Resources and Environmental Research Institute, Guangxi Academy of Agricultural Sciences/South China Scientific Observation and Experiment Station of Plant Nutrition and Fertilization Technology, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Nanning 530007

Received:2020-08-21 Revised:2020-10-22 Online:2021-07-01 Published:2021-07-12
Contact: HongWei TAN

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

【目的】探讨南方赤红壤蔗区基于甘蔗产量与土壤磷素平衡的磷肥施用量,为该地区农田磷素高效利用与科学施磷提供参考依据。【方法】于2014—2016年在广西甘蔗主产区（南宁市武鸣区）布置田间定位试验,共设5个磷肥施用量水平,分别是0（P0）、75 kg P₂O₅·hm^-2（P1）、150 kg P₂O₅·hm^-2（P2）、300 kg P₂O₅·hm^-2（P3）和 600 kg P₂O₅·hm^-2（P4）,连续3年测定甘蔗蔗茎、蔗叶产量和土壤Olsen-P含量,采用Mitscherlich模型拟合蔗茎产量对Olsen-P的响应曲线,计算土壤Olsen-P农学阈值,并分析植株磷含量,计算甘蔗吸磷量,磷肥利用率和磷素表观平衡状况。【结果】与P1处理相比,P2处理蔗茎产量显著提高8.3%（2014年）、18.0%（2015年）和15.5%（2016年）。蔗叶和地上部产量均以P2或P3处理最高,但不同施磷量间蔗茎、蔗叶和地上部产量整体无显著差异。P2—P4处理蔗茎磷累积量、蔗叶磷累积量和地上部磷累积量也相当。土壤Olsen-P含量、磷素表观平衡量和磷素盈余率均随施磷量的增加而显著增加,而磷素表观回收率和磷素偏生产力随施磷量的增加逐渐下降,以P1处理最高,显著高于P3和P4处理。Mitscherlich方程拟合获得Olsen-P农学阈值为13.4 mg·kg^-1。相关分析表明,施磷量与磷素盈余率、磷素盈余率与土壤Olsen-P含量呈极显著的线性正相关关系（P小鱼0.01）;磷素盈余率与甘蔗蔗茎产量呈极显著二次相关（P小鱼0.01）,与磷素表观回收利用率、磷素偏生产力呈极显著指数相关（P小鱼0.01）。当施磷量为40.9 kg·hm^-2时,磷素盈余率为0,土壤Olsen-P含量为15.87 mg·kg^-1,甘蔗蔗茎产量为 94.2 t·hm^-2。线性加平台拟合下的优化施磷量,土壤磷素盈余率为216.2%—232.7%,土壤Olsen-P含量为24.7—25.4 mg·kg^-1,甘蔗蔗茎产量为99.7—100 t·hm^-2。【结论】在Olsen-P含量较高的蔗区,40.9 kgP₂O₅·hm^-2施用量能维持土壤磷素平衡,保持土壤适宜的Olsen-P含量,获得较高的产量与磷肥利用率,可以作为推荐的适宜施磷量。

关键词: 甘蔗, 磷肥施用量, Olsen-P, 磷素平衡

Abstract:

【Objective】 This study was conducted to explore the phosphate fertilizer rate based on sugarcane yield and phosphorus (P) balance in soil, with an aim to provide a reference for the efficient utilization and scientific management of P in farmland. 【Method】A 3-year continuous field trail was conducted in Wuming district of Nanning city of Guangxi province from 2014 to 2016, which was designed with five phosphate fertilization treatments, including non-phosphate fertilization (P0), 75 kg P₂O₅·hm^-2 (P1), 150 kg P₂O₅·hm^-2 (P2), 300 kg P₂O₅·hm^-2 (P3) and 600 kg P₂O₅·hm^-2 (P4). The yield of cane and leaves and Olsen-P content in soil were measured, and the relation between cane yield and Olsen-P was evaluated by Mitscherlich model. The agronomic threshold of soil Olsen-P was also calculated. Plant P content, P uptake, P utilization efficiency and P balance in soil were further analyzed. 【Result】Compared with P0 treatment, the cane yield was significantly increased by 8.3% (2014), 18.0% (2015) and 15.5% (2016) under P2 treatment. P2 or P3 treatments had the highest yields for leaves and above-ground part, but there was no significant difference in cane, leaves and above-ground part among different P application rates. P accumulations in cane, leaves and above were also similar among P2 to P4 treatments. Olsen-P content, P balance and P surplus rate increased significantly with the increase of P application rate, while the PRE and PPFP decreased gradually with the increase of P application rate; where P1 treatment was the highest, which was significantly higher than that under P3 and P4 treatments. The agronomic threshold of Olsne-P was 13.4 mg kg^-1 based on Mitscherlich model. Correlation analysis showed that P surplus rate was significantly positively correlated with P application rate and soil Olsen-P (P<0.01), and which was significantly quadratic correlated with sugarcane stem yield (P<0.01), and significantly exponential correlated with PRE and PPFP (P<0.01). When P application rate was 40.9 kg·hm^-2, P surplus rate, soil Olsen-P content and cane yield were 0,15.87 mg kg^-1and 94.2 t·hm^-2, respectively. While the maximum cane yield was obtained by linear and platform fitting, soil P surplus rate, Olsen-P content and cane yield were 216.2%-232.7%, 24.7-25.4 mg·kg^-1 and 99.7-100 t·hm^-2, respectively. 【Conclusion】 In lateritic red soil with relatively high Olsen-P content, the P application rate of 40.9 kg·hm^-2would maintain the soil Olsen P content, meet the demand for high yield and high phosphorus utilization efficiency. Thus, it could be used as the recommended P application amount.

Key words: sugarcane, phosphorus application rate, Olsen-P, phosphorus balance

区惠平,周柳强,黄金生,朱晓晖,曾艳,彭嘉宇,谢如林,谭宏伟,李忠宁,沈小微,刘昔辉. 基于甘蔗产量与土壤磷素平衡的磷肥施用量研究[J]. 中国农业科学, 2021, 54(13): 2818-2829.

OU HuiPing,ZHOU LiuQiang,HUANG JinSheng,ZHU XiaoHui,ZENG Yan,PENG JiaYu,XIE RuLin,TAN HongWei,LI ZhongNing,SHEN XiaoWei,LIU XiHui. Research on Phosphorus Application Rate Based on Sugarcane Yield and Phosphorus Balance in Soil[J]. Scientia Agricultura Sinica, 2021, 54(13): 2818-2829.

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年份 Year	处理 Treatment	产量 Yield (t·hm^-2)			优化施磷量 P application rate (kg P₂O₅·hm^-2)
年份 Year	处理 Treatment	蔗茎 Cane	蔗叶 Leaf	地上部 Aerial part	蔗茎 Cane	蔗叶 Leaf	地上部 Aerial part	蔗茎 Cane	蔗叶 Leaf	地上部 Aerial part
2014	P0	92.2±1.6 b	21.0±0.5 a	113.2±2.1b	150	150	150	98.8	21.1	119.9
	P1	95.0±1.6 ab	20.9±0.2 a	115.9±1.7ab
	P2	99.9±2.3 a	21.4±0.5 a	121.3±2.0 a
	P3	99.1±2.5 ab	21.0±0.3 a	120.1±2.8 ab
	P4	98.5±1.6 ab	20.9±0.7 a	119.4±2.2 ab
2015	P0	89.5±2.7 b	20.6± 0.8 b	110.1±3.5 b	109.9	116.6	110.6	106.4	22.6	129.0
	P1	101.1±5.7 ab	21.9±0.2 ab	123.0±5.8 ab
	P2	105.6±3.1 a	23.0±0.3 a	128.6±3.5 a
	P3	108.6±0.6 a	22.9±0.7 a	131.5±0.5 a
	P4	105.1±3.8 a	21.9±0.8 ab	127.0±4.1 a
2016	P0	88.3±1.1 b	16.9±0.4 c	105.2±1.4 c	160.8	176.7	166.3	102.6	25.1	127.7
	P1	94.0±2.7 ab	19.2±0.1 bc	113.2±2.6 bc
	P2	102.0±1.2 a	24.3±1.3 ab	126.3±2.5 ab
	P3	102.3±5.1 a	26.9±1.6 a	129.2±6.5 a
	P4	102.9±4.1 a	23.3±2.5 ab	126.3±6.6 ab
平均 Average					140.2	147.8	142.3	102.6	22.9	125.5

年份 Year	处理 Treatment	蔗茎磷累积量 Cane P accumulation (kg·hm^-2)	蔗叶磷累积量 Leaves P accumulation (kg·hm^-2)	地上部磷累积量 Aboveground P accumulation (kg·hm^-2)
2014	P0	11.2±0.59 b	5.7±0.31 b	16.9±0.87 c
	P1	11.7±0.39 b	8.0±0.13 a	19.6±0.52 b
	P2	13.3±0.69 a	8.3±0.08 a	21.6±0.69 a
	P3	13.5±0.24 a	7.8±0.23 a	21.3±0.41 a
	P4	14.1±0.46 a	7.9±0.24 a	22.0±0.23 a
2015	P0	8.5±0.44 b	6.2±0.62 b	14.7±0.90 b
	P1	10.4±0.21 ab	8.0±0.05 ab	18.4±0.22 a
	P2	12.3±0.29 a	7.1±0.39 ab	19.4±0.51 a
	P3	12.5±0.62 a	8.6±0.48 a	21.1±1.11 a
	P4	12.4±1.2 a	7.1±0.63 ab	19.5±1.34 a
2016	P0	6.9±0.46 b	4.6±0.15 c	11.5±0.47 c
	P1	9.4±0.18 ab	5.4±0.05 bc	14.8±0.14 bc
	P2	10.6±0.32 a	6.7±0.24 a	17.3±0.21 ab
	P3	10.7±1.52 a	7.3±0.35 a	18.0±1.45 ab
	P4	12.2±0.68 a	6.5±0.76 ab	18.6±1.39 a

基于甘蔗产量与土壤磷素平衡的磷肥施用量研究

Research on Phosphorus Application Rate Based on Sugarcane Yield and Phosphorus Balance in Soil

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