中国农业科学 ›› 2021, Vol. 54 ›› Issue (1): 213-223.doi: 10.3864/j.issn.0578-1752.2021.01.016
朱星浩(),陈青,邵冰豪,郭钰君,张向丽,杜鹏飞,朱瑶,黄艳群(
),陈文
收稿日期:
2020-01-02
接受日期:
2020-11-16
出版日期:
2021-01-01
发布日期:
2021-01-13
通讯作者:
黄艳群
作者简介:
朱星浩,E-mail: 基金资助:
ZHU XingHao(),CHEN Qing,SHAO BingHao,GUO YuJun,ZHANG XiangLi,DU PengFei,ZHU Yao,HUANG YanQun(
),CHEN Wen
Received:
2020-01-02
Accepted:
2020-11-16
Online:
2021-01-01
Published:
2021-01-13
Contact:
YanQun HUANG
摘要:
【目的】通过探究杂合型伴性矮小基因对鸡脂肪沉积的影响,了解其脂肪沉积动态变化的规律,为优质肉鸡和地方鸡种生产性能研究奠定基础。【方法】将正常体型的固始公鸡和广西瑶鸡公鸡(ZDWZDW)分别与正常型母鸡(ZDWW)和矮小型母鸡(ZdwW)交配,将杂交后代在同一条件饲养。分别于60日龄、90日龄、120日龄从每个杂交后代中各选取鸡只100只(公母各半),进行体尺指标的测定;分别于60日龄和90日龄从固始鸡的杂交群体中各选取鸡只10只(公母各半),进行体脂含量动态变化的研究;另于120日龄从固始和广西瑶鸡的杂交后代群体中各选鸡只10只(公母各半),进行体脂含量的测定;采用全自动生化分析仪测试血清生化指标;采用索氏抽提法测定胸肌、腿肌中肌内脂肪(IMF)的含量;通过制作石蜡切片,在显微镜下测定肌纤维直径和肌纤维密度。【结果】杂交后代个体体型均为正常型,固始鸡母本正常型群体的公、母鸡随日龄呈现了不同的脂肪沉积特性。母鸡的体脂指标包括腹脂重、腹脂率、皮下脂肪厚和肌间脂肪宽前期均保持在低水平,在120日龄得到显著提高,而公鸡的体脂水平一直维持在低水平;固始鸡母本矮小型群体公、母鸡随日龄表现了相似的脂肪沉积动态变化特性,120日龄公、母鸡的体脂沉积水平均显著高于60日龄/90日龄;母本矮小型群体公鸡(dw杂合子)表现了完全不同于母本正常型群体公鸡(DW纯合子)体脂变化的特性,其90日龄和120日龄的腹脂重、腹脂率、皮下脂肪厚和肌间脂肪宽均显著高于母本正常型群体公鸡。进一步整合120日龄固始鸡杂交群体和广西瑶鸡杂交群体的体脂数据发现,群体因素对腹脂重、肌间脂肪宽、皮下脂肪厚和胸肌肌内脂肪含量的效应均达到显著水平,特别是母本矮小型公鸡(dw杂合子)的腹脂重、腹脂率、肌间脂肪宽、皮下脂肪厚和胸肌肌内脂肪含量均极显著高于母本正常型公鸡(DW纯合子,P<0.01)。母本矮小型与母本正常型群体间在总胆固醇(TC)、甘油三酯(TG)、低密度脂蛋白(LDL)含量、高密度脂蛋白(HDL)含量上均无显著差异。母本正常型和母本矮小型后代的肌纤维特性包括肌纤维密度、肌纤维面积、肌纤维直径均无显著性差异。【结论】杂合伴性矮小型基因改变了公鸡的脂肪沉积特性,显著提高了公鸡的腹部脂肪、皮下脂肪和肌间脂肪的沉积;改善了胸肌的肌内脂肪含量;而对血脂指标无显著影响;对肌纤维特性无显著影响。
朱星浩,陈青,邵冰豪,郭钰君,张向丽,杜鹏飞,朱瑶,黄艳群,陈文. 杂合型伴性矮小基因对正常体型鸡脂肪沉积的影响[J]. 中国农业科学, 2021, 54(1): 213-223.
ZHU XingHao,CHEN Qing,SHAO BingHao,GUO YuJun,ZHANG XiangLi,DU PengFei,ZHU Yao,HUANG YanQun,CHEN Wen. Effect of the Heterozygous Sex-Linked Dwarf Gene on Fat Deposition in Normal Type Chickens[J]. Scientia Agricultura Sinica, 2021, 54(1): 213-223.
表1
日粮组成及营养水平"
营养指标 Nutrition indicators | 0-7周龄 0-7 weeks | 8-17周龄 8-17 weeks | 营养水平 Nutrient level | 0-7周龄 0-7 weeks | 8-17周龄 8-17 weeks | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
玉米 Corn grain (%) | 33.65 | 55.17 | 代谢能 ME(MJ·Kg-1) | 11.28 | 12.17 | |
43%豆粕 43% soybean meal (%) | 6.50 | — | 粗蛋白 CP (%) | 14.94 | 13.31 | |
46%豆粕 46% soybean meal (%) | 13.65 | 9.91 | 钙 Ca (%) | 1.00 | 0.74 | |
米糠油 Rice bran oil (%) | — | 2.00 | 总磷 TP (%) | 0.60 | 0.47 | |
玉米蛋白饲料 Corn protein feed (%) | 16.50 | 2.21 | 有效磷 A-P (%) | 0.09 | 0.10 | |
玉米蛋白粉 Corn gluten meal (%) | 1.50 | 0.87 | 赖氨酸 Lysine (%) | 0.87 | 0.62 | |
次粉 Wheat middling and reddog (%) | 24.00 | 20.00 | 蛋氨酸+胱氨酸 Methionine + Cystine (%) | 0.68 | 0.59 | |
石粉 Stone powder (%) | 1.53 | 1.44 | ||||
干酒槽及其可溶物 DDGs (%) | — | 6.00 | ||||
磷酸氢钙 NaHCo3 (%) | 1.20 | 0.57 | ||||
99%蛋氨酸 99% Methionine (%) | 0.15 | 0.13 | ||||
98%赖氨酸 98% Lysine (%) | 0.30 | — | ||||
预混料 Premix 1) (%) | 1.02 | 1.70 | ||||
合计 Total | 100.00 | 100.00 |
表2
不同日龄不同群体鸡只体尺性状的比较"
日龄 Age | 项目 Project | 性别 Gender | 群体 Population | 显著性Significant | |||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
母本矮小型 The dwarf type of female parent | 母本正常型 The normal type of female parent | 群体 Population | 性别 Gender | 群体×性别 Population×Gender | |||
60 | 胫长 Shank length (mm) | 公Male | 69.19±4.81*## | 67.91±4.83## | 0.000 | 0.000 | 0.128 |
母Female | 64.26±4.72** | 61.73±4.66 | |||||
胫围 Shank circumference (cm) | 公Male | 3.60±0.26**## | 3.43±0.29## | 0.000 | 0.000 | 0.766 | |
母Female | 3.27±0.22** | 3.12±0.21 | |||||
90 | 胫长 Shank length (mm) | 公Male | 87.59±7.42## | 86.79±6.25## | 0.008 | 0.000 | 0.325 |
母Female | 75.88±4.82** | 74.13±4.91 | |||||
胫围 Shank circumference (cm) | 公Male | 4.11±0.25*## | 3.95±0.25## | 0.000 | 0.000 | 0.996 | |
母Female | 3.67±0.20** | 3.51±0.23 | |||||
120 | 胫长 Shank length (mm) | 公Male | 94.99±5.49## | 94.00±5.79## | 0.004 | 0.000 | 0.520 |
母Female | 77.55±4.96** | 76.00±5.15 | |||||
胫围 Shank circumference (cm) | 公Male | 4.57±0.24*## | 4.41±0.28## | 0.000 | 0.000 | 0.684 | |
母Female | 3.98±0.22** | 3.80±0.21 |
表3
性别和群体对120日龄不同杂交组合鸡脂肪沉积的影响"
项目 Project | 性别 Gender | 群体Population | 显著性Significant | |||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
母本矮小型 The dwarf type of female parent | 母本正常型 The normal type of female parent | 群体Population | 性别 Gender | 群体×性别 Population×Gender | ||
活重 Live weight (kg) | 公Male | 2.09±0.15**## | 1.78±0.24 | 0.000 | 0.000 | 0.466 |
母Female | 1.71±0.20**## | 1.48±0.18 | ||||
腹脂重 Abdominal fat weight (g) | 公Male | 27.15±23.02** | 3.50±7.17 | 0.004 | 0.001 | 0.152 |
母Female | 37.22±26.68 | 28.86±19.53## | ||||
腹脂率 Percentage of abdominal fat (%) | 公Male | 1.83±1.55** | 0.27±0.54 | 0.033 | 0.000 | 0.095 |
母Female | 3.02±1.97 | 2.83±1.79## | ||||
肌间脂肪宽 Intermuscular fat width (mm) | 公Male | 9.89±3.97** | 4.88±3.18 | 0.000 | 0.000 | 0.138 |
母Female | 12.11±3.89 | 9.94±3.38## | ||||
皮下脂肪厚 Subcutaneous fat thickness (mm) | 公Male | 5.43±1.45** | 4.16±1.09 | 0.051 | 0.002 | 0.025 |
母Female | 5.72±0.73 | 5.81±1.12## |
表4
性别、群体对120日龄不同杂交组合鸡血清生化指标的影响"
项目 Project | 性别 Gender | 群体 Population | 显著性Significant | |||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
母本矮小型 The dwarf type of female parent | 母本正常型 The normal type of female parent | 群体 Population | 性别 Gender | 群体×性别 Population×Gender | ||
总胆固醇 TC (mmol·L-1) | 公 Male | 2.41±0.48 | 2.72±0.61 | 0.531 | 0.249 | 0.787 |
母Female | 2.91±0.79 | 3.03±2.12 | ||||
甘油三酯 TG (mmol·L-1) | 公Male | 0.29±0.06 | 0.30±0.09 | 0.539 | 0.023 | 0.541 |
母Female | 2.59±2.56## | 4.22±8.77 | ||||
低密度脂蛋白 LDL (mmol·L-1) | 公Male | 0.75±0.25 | 0.96±0.29 | 0.943 | 0.082 | 0.139 |
母Female | 1.19±0.79 | 0.99±0.38 | ||||
高密度脂蛋白 HDL (mmol·L-1) | 公Male | 1.55±0.27 | 1.59±0.31## | 0.581 | 0.001 | 0.373 |
母Female | 1.27±0.38 | 1.13±0.42 |
表5
性别、群体对120日龄不同杂交组合鸡IMF含量的影响"
项目 Project | 性别 Gender | 群体 Population | 显著性 Significant | |||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
母本矮小型 The dwarf type of female parent | 母本正常型 The normal type of female parent | 群体Population | 性别 Gender | 群体×性别 Population×Gender | ||
腿肌IMF The IMF of leg muscle (%) | 公Male | 6.31±1.26 | 5.04±2.48 | 0.076 | 0.499 | 0.542 |
母Female | 6.34±1.85 | 5.72±2.26 | ||||
胸肌IMF The IMF of breast muscle (%) | 公Male | 5.77±2.19* | 3.45±2.39 | 0.017 | 0.411 | 0.215 |
母Female | 5.51±2.27 | 4.75±2.80 |
表6
性别、群体对120日龄不同杂交组合鸡胸肌肌纤维特性的影响"
项目 Project | 性别 Gender | 群体Population | 显著性Significant | |||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
母本矮小型 The dwarf type of female parent | 母本正常型 The normal type of female parent | 群体 Population | 性别 Gender | 群体×性别 Population×Gender | ||
肌纤维密度 Density of muscle fiber (根/mm2) | 公Male | 474.33±91.01 | 508.76±154.20 | 0.089 | 0.018 | 0.542 |
母Female | 380.53±85.11 | 452.66±97.41 | ||||
肌纤维面积 Area of muscle fiber (μm2) | 公Male | 1229.82±340.91 | 1190.59±414.89 | 0.509 | 0.088 | 0.778 |
母Female | 1438.52±363.63# | 1340.72±364.60 | ||||
肌纤维直径 Muscle fiber diameter (μm) | 公Male | 38.56±5.37 | 37.65±6.69 | 0.483 | 0.064 | 0.894 |
母Female | 41.78±5.35 | 40.44±5.37 |
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