最新录用：乙矮合剂对不同施氮量夏玉米根系形态建构和产量的影响

doi:10.3864/j.issn.0578-1752.220070

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 【目的】根系是玉米获取水分和养分的重要器官，塑造合理的根系结构是发挥玉米高产潜力的关键，也是目前玉米栽培研究中亟待解决的重要科学问题，乙矮合剂和施氮均会影响玉米根系发育，明确乙矮合剂对不同施氮量夏玉米根系形态建构和产量的影响，可为玉米高产高效栽培管理和合理施肥提供理论和技术依据。【方法】2019年和2020年分别在廊坊市燕郊镇大柳店村和北京市顺义区中国农业科学院顺义试验基地开展田间试验，以玉米单交种豫单9953为试验材料，采用裂区试验设计，设置乙矮合剂处理（ECK）和清水对照（CK）处理为主区；6个施氮水平0 kg×hm^-2（N0）、96 kg×hm^-2（N96）、132 kg×hm^-2（N132）、168 kg×hm^-2（N168）、204 kg×hm^-2（N204）和240 kg×hm^-2（N240）为副区，研究乙矮合剂对不同施氮量夏玉米根系形态建构和产量的影响。【结果】施氮显著了增加根干重、气生根根条数、根长、根表面积和根体积，相比不施氮处理，各施氮量下夏玉米根干重、气生根根条数，根长、根表面积和根体积分别平均增加18.0%、49.5%、20.8%、26.2%和34.6%。ECK处理下夏玉米根干重、根层数、1–2层根和气生根根条数相比CK分别增加10.4%–17.0%、5.8%–12.6%、10.8%–33.9%和12.5%–79.6%；在根系形态建构上，相比CK处理，ECK处理下夏玉米根长、根表面积和根体积分别增加7.5%–21.0%、8.4%–29.3%和14.3%–38.8%，并且在中高氮水平（≥ N204）根系直径在1.0 mm以上的根长增幅最大。ECK处理对2019和2020年N0–N168夏玉米单产无显著影响，显著提高了N204和N240夏玉米单产，与CK相比，在N204平均增加6.3%，在N240平均增加3.2%。相关性分析结果表明，夏玉米产量与粒数、千粒重、根长、根表面积和根体积呈极显著正相关，其中产量与根长相关系数最高。【结论】乙矮合剂和施氮协同促进了夏玉米根系发育，并提高了中高氮条件下夏玉米单产，在本试验条件下，6展叶期喷施乙矮合剂配施240 kg×hm^-2氮肥是适用于环京津地区的夏玉米高产高效栽培技术与氮肥管理方案。

关键词: 乙矮合剂, 氮肥, 夏玉米, 根系形态建构, 环京津地区

Abstract: 【Objective】Root is an important organ for maize to obtain water and nutrients, and a developed root structure is the key to maximum maize yield potential, which is currently an important issue to be solved in maize cultivation research. Ethylene-Chlormequat-Potassium and nitrogen application can affect the development of the maize root system. To clarify the effect of Ethylene-Chlormequat-Potassium on the construction of summer maize root morphology and yield under different nitrogen application rates can provide the theoretical and technical basis for the improvement of high yield and efficient cultivation management and rational fertilization of maize. 【Method】In 2019 and 2020, field experiments were carried out in Daliudian Village, Yanjiao Town, Langfang City and Shunyi Experimental Base, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shunyi District, Beijing respectively, using maize single cross Yudan 9953 as experimental material. A split-zone experimental design was used, with the Ethylene-Chlormequat-Potassium treatment (ECK) and the clear water control (CK) treatment as the main zones and the six nitrogen levels of 0 kg×hm^-2 (N0), 96 kg×hm^-2 (N96), 132 kg×hm^-2 (N132), 168 kg×hm^-2 (N168), 204 kg×hm^-2 (N204) and 240 kg×hm^-2 (N240) as the secondary zones, aiming to analyze the effects of ECK on root morphology and yield of summer maize at different nitrogen application rates. 【Result】The results showed that nitrogen application significantly increased root dry weight, number of aerial roots, root length, root surface area and root volume. Compared with no nitrogen application, root dry weight, the number of aerial roots, root length, root surface area and root volume increased by 18.0%, 49.5%, 20.8%, 26.2% and 34.6% on average with different nitrogen application rates, respectively. ECK treatment increased root dry weight, the number of root layers, number of roots in 1 to 2 layers and the number of aerial roots in summer maize with different nitrogen application rates by 10.4%–17.0%, 5.8%–12.6%, 10.8%–33.9% and 12.5%–79.6%, respectively, compared with CK; On the construction of root morphology, compared with CK, ECK treatment significantly increased the total root length, root surface area and root volume of summer maize with different nitrogen application rates by 7.5%–21.0%, 8.4%–29.3% and 14.3%–38.8%, respectively, and the root length with root diameter > 1.0 mm was significantly increased at medium and high nitrogen levels (N≥ N204). ECK treatment had no significant effect on summer maize yield per unit area in 2019 and 2020 with N0-N168, but significantly increased summer maize yield in 2019 and 2020 with N204 and N240, which increased by an average of 6.3% with N204 and 3.2% with N240 compared with CK. Correlation analysis showed that kernel number, 1000-kernel weight, root length, root surface area and root volume were positively correlated with summer maize yield, and the correlation coefficient between yield and root length was the highest.【Conclusion】ECK and nitrogen combined promoting maize root development and increasing summer maize yield under high nitrogen conditions. In the current study, spraying ECK at the V6 growth stage combined with 204 kg×hm^-2 N fertilizer was a suitable cultivation technique and N fertilizer management practices for high-yielding summer maize in the Beijing-Tianjin area.

Key words: ethylene-chlormequat-potassium, nitrogen, summer maize, root morphology construction, Beijing-Tianjin area

房孟颖, 卢霖, 王庆燕, 董学瑞, 闫鹏, 董志强. 最新录用：乙矮合剂对不同施氮量夏玉米根系形态建构和产量的影响[J]. 中国农业科学, 0, (): 1-.

FANG MengYing, LU Lin, WANG QingYan, DONG XueRui, YAN Peng, DONG ZhiQiang. Effect of Ethylene-Chlormequat-Potassium on the Morphological Structure of Summer Maize root and yield with Different Nitrogen Application Rates[J]. Scientia Agricultura Sinica, 0, (): 1-.

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最新录用：乙矮合剂对不同施氮量夏玉米根系形态建构和产量的影响

Effect of Ethylene-Chlormequat-Potassium on the Morphological Structure of Summer Maize root and yield with Different Nitrogen Application Rates

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