中国农业科学

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气候变化条件下秸秆还田和氮肥种类对夏玉米产量及土壤氨挥发的影响

赵政鑫1,2 ,王晓云1,2 ,田雅洁1,2 ,王锐1,2 ,彭青1,2 蔡焕杰1,2* #br#   

  1. 1西北农林科技大学水利与建筑工程学院杨凌 7121002西北农林科技大学中国旱区农业节水研究院杨凌 712100
  • 出版日期:2022-01-26 发布日期:2022-01-26

Effects of Straw Returning and Nitrogen Fertilizer Types on Summer Maize Yield and Soil Ammonia Volatilization in Guanzhong Area under Climate Change

ZHAO ZhengXin1,2, WANG XiaoYun1,2, TIAN YaJie1,2, WANG Rui1,2, PENG Qing1,2, CAI HuanJie1,2* #br#   

  1. 1College of Water Resources and Architectural Engineering, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, Shaanxi; 2Institute of Water Saving Agriculture in Arid Areas in Northwest China, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, Shaanxi
  • Published:2022-01-26 Online:2022-01-26

摘要: 【目的】秸秆还田配施氮肥可以提高作物生产力,但在气候变化条件下,不同管理措施对夏玉米农田氮素利用存在很大的不确定性。明确未来气候条件下,秸秆还田与氮肥种类对夏玉米产量和土壤氨挥发的影响对于应对气候变化十分重要【方法】利用DNDC模型预测未来不同情景下,秸秆还田和不同氮肥种类对关中地区夏玉米产量和土壤氨挥发的影响。通过田间土壤温度、水分、产量和土壤氨挥发累积量试验数据的验证,DNDC模型可以很好的模拟未来气候条件下不同处理的作物产量和土壤氨挥发累积量。【结果】模拟和实测结果均表明,在当前气候条件下秸秆还田会提高作物产量并促进土壤氨挥发,稳定性氮肥与普通尿素相比对产量无显著影响但会显著减少土壤氨挥发累积量。敏感性分析表明,作物产量与土壤氨挥发累积量均对施氮量最敏感。在RCP4.5排放情景下,单施稳定性氮肥(NF1)处理和单施尿素(NF2)处理分别在2050s—2090s2070s—2090s产量显著降低,秸秆配施稳定性氮肥(SF1)处理和秸秆配施尿素(SF2)处理均在2050s—2090s产量显著升高;在RCP8.5排放情景下,单施稳定性氮肥(NF1)处理在2070s—2090s产量显著降低,单施尿素(NF2)处理产量无显著变化,秸秆配施稳定性氮肥(SF1)处理和秸秆配施尿素(SF2)处理均在2050s—2090s产量显著升高。单施稳定性氮肥(NF1)处理在RCP4.5排放情景下的2050s—2090s和在RCP8.5排放情景下2030s—2090s土壤氨挥发累积量与当前气候条件相比显著提高,其余各处理在不同排放情景下未来各时期土壤氨挥发累积量与当前气候条件相比均显著降低【结论】DNDC预测结果表明,在关中地区未来气温和CO2浓度升高以及降水变化的气候条件下,秸秆还田配施稳定性氮肥会显著提高夏玉米产量并降低土壤氨挥发累积量,是最佳的高产减排农田管理方案,可为应对气候变化及合理使用秸秆和氮肥提供理论基础。


关键词: 秸秆, 氨挥发, DNDC模型, 气候变化, 肥料种类, 陕西关中地区

Abstract: 【ObjectiveReturning straw to the field and applying nitrogen fertilizer can increase crop productivity. However, under the conditions of climate change, different management measures have great uncertainty in the nitrogen utilization of summer maize farmland. It is very important to clarify the impact of straw returning and nitrogen fertilizer types on summer corn yield and soil ammonia volatilization under future climate conditions.MethodThis study used the DNDC model to predict the impact of returning straw to the field and different types of nitrogen fertilizers on summer corn yield and soil ammonia volatilization accumulation in Guanzhong area under different scenarios in the future. Through the verification of field soil temperature, moisture, yield and soil ammonia volatilization test data, the DNDC model could simulate crop yields and soil ammonia volatilization accumulation under different treatments under future climate conditions well.ResultBoth simulation and actual measurement results showed that returning straw to the field increased crop yields and promoted soil ammonia volatilization in the current climate. Compared with ordinary urea, slow-release fertilizers had no significant effect on yield but will significantly reduce soil ammonia volatilization accumulation. Sensitivity analysis showed that both crop yield and soil ammonia volatilization accumulation were the most sensitive to nitrogen application. Under the RCP4.5 emission scenario, single application of stable nitrogen fertilizer (NF1) treatment and single application of urea (NF2) treatment significantly reduced the yield in 2050s-2090s and 2070s-2090s, respectively. Both the treatment of straw combined with stable nitrogen fertilizer (SF1) and the treatment of straw combined with urea (SF2) significant increased in production in 2050s-2090s; under the RCP8.5 emission scenario, single application of stable nitrogen fertilizer (NF1) treatment significantly reduced the yield from 2070s to 2090s, and single application of urea (NF2) treatment showed no significant change. Straw combined application of stable nitrogen fertilizer (SF1) treatment and straw combined application of urea (SF2) treatment were both in 2050s-2090s production increased significantly. Single application of stable nitrogen fertilizer (NF1) treatment under the RCP4.5 emission scenario in 2050s-2090s and under the RCP8.5 emission scenario 2030s-2090s soil ammonia volatilization accumulation significantly increased compared with current climate conditions, for the remaining treatments, the cumulative amount of soil ammonia volatilization in future periods under different emission scenarios would be significantly reduce compared with current climatic conditions.ConclusionThe DNDC forecast results showed that under the climate conditions of rising temperature and CO2 concentration and changing precipitation in the Guanzhong area in the future, returning straw to the field and applying stable nitrogen fertilizer would significantly increase the yield of summer corn and reduce the accumulation of ammonia volatilization in the soil, and it was the best high-yield and emission-reducing farmland management plan. This research could provide a theoretical basis for coping with climate change and the rational use of straw and nitrogen fertilizer.

Key words: straw, ammonia volatilization; DNDC model, climate change, fertilizer type, Guanzhong area of Shaanxi