中国农业科学 ›› 2021, Vol. 54 ›› Issue (5): 1003-1016.doi: 10.3864/j.issn.0578-1752.2021.05.012

• 土壤肥料·节水灌溉·农业生态环境 • 上一篇    下一篇

再生农业——基于土地保护性利用的可持续农业

韩明会1(),李保国2(),张丹1,李颖1   

  1. 1大自然保护协会,北京 100600
    2中国农业大学土地科学与技术学院/农业农村部华北耕地保育重点实验室/自然资源部农用地质量与监控重点实验室,北京 100193
  • 收稿日期:2020-06-24 接受日期:2020-12-14 出版日期:2021-03-01 发布日期:2021-03-09
  • 通讯作者: 李保国
  • 作者简介:韩明会,E-mail:han_minghui@163.com
  • 基金资助:
    国家自然科学基金项目(U1706211);国家重点研发计划项目(2016YFD0300801);Craig & Susan McCaw Foundation(P120148);大自然保护协会TNC-先正达“润田项目”(P120473)

Regenerative Agriculture-Sustainable Agriculture Based on the Conservational Land Use

MingHui HAN1(),BaoGuo LI2(),Dan ZHANG1,Ying LI1   

  1. 1The Nature Conservancy, Beijing 100600
    2College of Land Science and Technology, China Agriculture University/Key Laboratory of Arable Land Conservation in North China, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs/Key Laboratory of Agricultural Land Quality, Ministry of Natural Resources, Beijing 100193
  • Received:2020-06-24 Accepted:2020-12-14 Online:2021-03-01 Published:2021-03-09
  • Contact: BaoGuo LI

摘要:

在全球生态危机和不断增加的粮食和食品安全需求背景下,如何真正实现农业的可持续发展成了全世界共同关注的问题。再生农业(regenerative agriculture)作为新挑战下应运而生的农业模式。探讨再生农业的内涵、国内外应用的生态和经济效益以及分析在我国的应用情景,能够为我国这一新型农业模式的引入和发展提供理论指导。本文首先通过对相关再生农业定义的梳理,把再生农业概述为是以实现农业可持续发展为目的,基于土地保护性利用,在减少机械作业和化学品投入的基础上,通过基于自然的解决方案实现在提高作物产出的同时,提升土壤有机质和氮元素、促进土壤固碳、改善土壤健康、最大化生物多样性的农业模式。通过与其他可持续农业模式相比,从粮食安全、化石能源、碳封存、土壤健康、生物多样性、净水和净收益多个维度说明了再生农业能够实现粮食安全、土壤健康、生态环境和经济效益的同步改善。通过对国内外再生农业相关研究的分析,表明了再生农业的不同措施能够使得生态和经济效益的多个方面效益得到显著提升。最后,提出了我国未来不同区域发展再生农业模式的建议。

关键词: 再生农业, 基于自然的解决方案, 固碳, 土壤健康, 土地保护性利用

Abstract:

With the intensified global ecological crisis and the increasing demand for food and food safety, it has become a widespread concern of the whole world as to how to realize the sustainable development of agriculture. In this context, the regenerative agriculture was proposed and developed to cope with new challenges. This paper discussed the content, ecological and economic benefits of regenerative agriculture and analyzed the application scenarios in China, aiming to provide theoretical guidance for the introduction and development of this new agricultural model in China. To sum up, regenerative agriculture is a nature-based solution which has at its core the intention to improve the health of soil through elevated soil organic content and nitrogen elements as well as reduced chemicals input and mechanical operations, so as to realize the sustainable development of agriculture, namely enhanced soil carbon sequestration, maximized biodiversity and improved quality of water, vegetation and land-productivity. Compared to several other agriculture models with respect to multiple dimensions, regenerative agriculture stands out by simultaneously achieving improvements in food security, soil health, ecological environment and economic benefits. The advantages of applying regenerative agriculture were further proved with specific cases. At last, suggestions on the development of regenerative agriculture in China were put forward.

Key words: regenerative agriculture, nature-based solution, carbon sequestration, soil health, conservational land use