草莓连作对土壤微生物及碳氮磷功能基因丰度的影响

doi:10.3864/j.issn.0578-1752.2025.17.010

中国农业科学 ›› 2025, Vol. 58 ›› Issue (17): 3488-3502.doi: 10.3864/j.issn.0578-1752.2025.17.010

• 土壤肥料·节水灌溉·农业生态环境 • 上一篇下一篇

草莓连作对土壤微生物及碳氮磷功能基因丰度的影响

王庆峰¹^,²(), 褚长彬¹, 赵峥¹^,², 吴淑杭¹^,²^,^*(), 周德平¹^,^*()

¹ 上海市农业科学院生态环境保护研究所，上海 201403
² 农业农村部东南沿海农业绿色低碳重点实验室，上海 201403

收稿日期:2024-10-11 接受日期:2024-12-03 出版日期:2025-09-01 发布日期:2025-09-02
通信作者:
吴淑杭，E-mail：wushuhang88@163.com。
周德平，E-mail：zhoudeping@saas.sh.cn
联系方式: 王庆峰，E-mail：wqfcool@126.com。
基金资助:
上海市科委农业领域项目(23N61900200); 上海市青年科技英才扬帆计划(20YF1442600); 上海市农业科学院卓越团队建设计划 [沪农科卓〔2022〕008](沪农科卓〔2022〕008); 上海市科委农业领域重点攻关项目(18391902600)

Effects of Strawberry Continuous Cropping on Soil Microbial Community Composition and Carbon, Nitrogen and Phosphorus Metabolism Gene Abundance

WANG QingFeng¹^,²(), CHU ChangBin¹, ZHAO Zheng¹^,², WU ShuHang¹^,²^,^*(), ZHOU DePing¹^,^*()

¹ Eco-Environmental Protection Research Institute, Shanghai Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shanghai 201403
² Key Laboratory of Low-Carbon Green Agriculture in Southeastern China, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Shanghai 201403

Received:2024-10-11 Accepted:2024-12-03 Published:2025-09-01 Online:2025-09-02

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

【目的】为明确草莓连作对土壤微生物和土壤功能的影响，解析草莓连作下细菌和真菌群落结构以及碳氮磷代谢功能基因的变化特征，为调控连作土壤微生态平衡和土壤功能提供科学依据。【方法】采用荧光定量PCR、Miseq测序和高通量芯片等技术研究未连作（T1），连作3年（T3）和连作10年（T10）条件下细菌、真菌和碳氮磷代谢功能基因变化规律，解析影响土壤功能的主效因子。【结果】草莓连作降低了土壤pH值，但提高了土壤养分含量，其中土壤有机质含量从21.2 g·kg^-1上升至32.4 g·kg^-1。连作使草莓根际和非根际细菌丰度先升高后降低，非根际真菌丰度变化与细菌变化趋势相似，但显著降低了根际真菌丰度，说明细菌和真菌对连作的响应不同。连作对细菌多样性影响不显著，而显著降低了真菌多样性，并改变了土壤微生物群落组成。通过比较不同连作年限细菌和真菌群落组成之间的UniFrac距离发现，真菌群落UniFrac距离为0.64—1.36，远远高于细菌群落的0.028—0.111，说明连作对真菌群落组成的影响高于细菌。相关性分析表明，细菌群落组成与土壤pH显著相关，而真菌群落组成与土壤养分状况（有效磷、碱解氮、有机质等）显著相关。草莓连作改变了土壤碳氮磷代谢功能基因丰度，使土壤中固碳基因accA显著降低，固氮基因nifH和磷代谢相关功能基因（phoD、phoX和pqqC）先升高后降低。进一步通过偏最小二乘路径模型（PLS-PM）分析发现，草莓连作真菌群落结构（丰度、多样性和组成）对土壤碳氮磷代谢功能基因的影响高于细菌群落结构。【结论】草莓连作引起的土壤碳氮磷代谢功能基因丰度的改变主要是通过调控真菌群落结构而实现的。未来应重点调控土壤真菌群落结构，以改良长期连作土壤的健康状况。

关键词: 草莓, 连作, 群落组成, 细菌和真菌, 土壤功能基因

Abstract:

【Objective】This paper aimed to investigate the characteristic of soil microorganisms and soil function under long-term strawberry continuous cropping and to clarify the effects of long-term strawberry continuous cropping on soil bacterial and fungal community structure and carbon, nitrogen and phosphorus metabolism gene abundance, so as to provide the scientific basis for improving the soil microecological balance and soil function of continuous cropping in the future.【Method】The real-time PCR, Miseq sequencing and high-throughput chip technologies were applied to determine soil bacteria, fungi and function under strawberry cultivated for 1, 3 and 10 year.【Result】The strawberry continuous cropping reduced the soil pH, but increased the soil nutrient content, in which the soil organic matter content increased from 21.2 g·kg^-1to 32.4 g·kg^-1. The bacterial abundance in rhizosphere and bulk soil was increased and then decreased as the years of cultivation. The abundance of bulk soil fungi was similar to the trend of bacteria, but its abundance was significantly reduced in the rhizosphere, indicating that bacteria and fungi response differently to continuous cropping. Continuous cropping had no significant effect on bacterial diversity, but significantly reduced fungal diversity and significantly changed soil microbial composition. Based on UniFrac distance, it was found that the fungal community UniFrac distance (0.64-1.36) was much higher than the bacteria (0.028-0.111), indicating that the influence of continuous cropping on fungal community structure was higher than that of bacteria. Correlation analysis showed that bacterial community structure was significantly correlated with soil pH, while fungal community structure was significantly correlated with soil nutrient status (such as soil available P, alkali-hydrolysable, and soil organic matter). Long-term continuous cropping of strawberry changed the metabolic function gene abundance of soil carbon, nitrogen and phosphorus, which significantly reduced the soil carbon fixation gene accA, while the nitrogen fixation gene nifH and phosphorus metabolism related functions (phoD, phoX and pqqC genes) first increased and then decreased. The partial least squares path model (PLS-PM) analysis showed that the fungal community structure (abundance, diversity and composition) caused by long-term strawberry continuous cropping had a higher impact on soil carbon, nitrogen and phosphorus metabolism gene abundance than the bacterial community structure.【Conclusion】This study showed that soil function gene abundance changed caused by long-term strawberry continuous cropping was mainly caused by the changes of fungal community structure. Thus, the soil fungal community structure should be regulated to improve the health status of long-term continuous cropping soil.

Key words: strawberry, continuous cropping, community composition, bacteria and fungi, soil microbial functional genes

王庆峰, 褚长彬, 赵峥, 吴淑杭, 周德平. 草莓连作对土壤微生物及碳氮磷功能基因丰度的影响[J]. 中国农业科学, 2025, 58(17): 3488-3502.

WANG QingFeng, CHU ChangBin, ZHAO Zheng, WU ShuHang, ZHOU DePing. Effects of Strawberry Continuous Cropping on Soil Microbial Community Composition and Carbon, Nitrogen and Phosphorus Metabolism Gene Abundance[J]. Scientia Agricultura Sinica, 2025, 58(17): 3488-3502.

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链接本文: https://www.chinaagrisci.com/CN/10.3864/j.issn.0578-1752.2025.17.010

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处理 Treatment	酸碱度 pH	电导率 EC (μs·cm^-1)	速效钾 Available K (mg·kg^-1)	有效磷 Available P (mg·kg^-1)	有机质 Organic matter (g·kg^-1)	碱解氮 Alkali-hydrolysable N (mg·kg^-1)
T1	7.47±0.02a	497.3±1.5c	826.7±11.6b	45.97±0.54c	21.2±0.02b	150.5±7.0b
T3	7.43±0.02b	520.0±1.7a	1301.7±2.9a	210.01±0.41a	32.4±0.00a	214.7±8.1a
T10	7.16±0.01c	514.0±1.0b	821.7±2.9b	79.2±0.24b	32.3±0.01a	208.8±16.5a

组别Groups	处理Treatment	ACE指数	Chao指数	Shannon指数	Sobs指数
细菌 Bacteria	RT1	1950±158a	1949±158a	7.06±0.10a	1946±159a
	RT3	2020±49a	2020±50a	7.09±0.01a	2016±49a
	RT10	2022±58a	2022±59a	7.00±0.01a	2015±55a
	T1	1939±187a	1938±186a	7.05±0.11a	1934±186a
	T3	1919±84a	1919±83a	7.06±0.06a	1916±86a
	T10	2120±19a	2119±18a	7.07±0.05a	2116±17a
真菌 Fungi	RT1	553±1b	553±1b	4.82±0.05ab	552±2b
	RT3	482±18c	481±18c	4.56±0.06b	481±18c
	RT10	306±10d	306±9d	3.73±0.14c	305±11d
	T1	615±6a	614±6a	4.93±0.03a	614±7a
	T3	509±14c	509±14c	3.97±0.15c	507±14c
	T10	337±17d	337±17d	3.70±0.16c	337±17d

草莓连作对土壤微生物及碳氮磷功能基因丰度的影响

Effects of Strawberry Continuous Cropping on Soil Microbial Community Composition and Carbon, Nitrogen and Phosphorus Metabolism Gene Abundance

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