长三角地区半糯粳稻外观品质的评价

doi:10.3864/j.issn.0578-1752.2024.16.001

中国农业科学 ›› 2024, Vol. 57 ›› Issue (16): 3105-3115.doi: 10.3864/j.issn.0578-1752.2024.16.001

• 作物遗传育种·种质资源·分子遗传学 • 上一篇下一篇

长三角地区半糯粳稻外观品质的评价

范鹏¹(), 杨天乐², 朱少龙², 王志杰¹, 张明月¹, 魏海燕¹(), 刘国栋¹()

¹ 扬州大学/江苏省作物遗传生理重点实验室/江苏省作物栽培生理重点实验室/江苏省粮食作物现代产业技术协同创新中心/扬州大学水稻产业工程技术研究院，江苏扬州 225009
² 扬州大学农学院/智慧农业研究院，江苏扬州 225009

收稿日期:2024-02-06 接受日期:2024-03-19 出版日期:2024-08-16 发布日期:2024-08-27
通信作者:
魏海燕，E-mail：hywei@yzu.edu.cn。
刘国栋，E-mail：guodongliu@yzu.edu.cn
联系方式: 范鹏，E-mail：liveforf@163.com。
基金资助:
国家自然科学基金(32372215); 国家自然科学基金(32372212); 江苏省自然科学基金优秀青年基金(BK20220115); 国家水稻产业技术体系(CARS-01); 国家水稻产业技术体系(3152); 江苏省高等学校重点学科专业建设(PAPD); 江苏省研究生科研创新基金(KYCX22_3506); 江苏现代农业（水稻）产业技术体系集成创新中心(JATS[2023]443)

Preliminary Study on Appearance Quality Evaluation of Semi-Waxy Rice in Yangtze River Delta Region

FAN Peng¹(), YANG TianLe², ZHU ShaoLong², WANG ZhiJie¹, ZHANG MingYue¹, WEI HaiYan¹(), LIU GuoDong¹()

¹ Yangzhou University/Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Physiology/Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Crop Cultivation and Physiology/Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center for Modern Production Technology of Grain Crops/Research Institute of Rice Industrial Engineering Technology of Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, Jiangsu
² Agriculture College of Yangzhou University/Research Institute of Smart Agriculture, Yangzhou 225009, Jiangsu

Received:2024-02-06 Accepted:2024-03-19 Published:2024-08-16 Online:2024-08-27

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

【目的】由于半糯米具有云雾状半透明的外观特性，目前行业中缺乏行之有效的评价方法，因此，构建半糯米外观品质评价方法，并对半糯米外观品质进行等级分类，为半糯米产业的规范与发展提供技术支持。【方法】参照GB/T 15682—2008《粮油检验稻谷、大米蒸煮食用品质感官评价方法》，利用人工评价方式获取半糯粳稻的外观品质评分，同时，测定半糯米的各类外观指标，包括垩白、透明度、粒型、色空间相关指标。使用皮尔森相关性系数、最大相关性最小冗余性、竞争自适应重加权采样、交集特征选取方法分析垩白、透明度、粒型、色空间相关指标与半糯米外观感官评分的关系，筛选出能决定半糯米外观品质的核心指标用于构建半糯米外观评分估测模型，并进行验证。最后使用此模型估测长三角地区半糯米外观品质的整体情况并按照估测分数的优劣进行等级划分。【结果】通过比较4种模型的估测精度与稳定性，发现交集特征选取方法筛选出的垩白米透明度（X₄）、整体透明度（X₆）、垩白度（X₉）、L*(X₁₀)这4个指标构建的半糯米外观评分估测模型Y=5.68＋0.17X₄＋0.19X₆-0.03X₉-0.12X₁₀的准确度与稳定性最高，同时，此模型包含的指标数最少，其模型验证的决定系数（R²）为0.86，模拟均方根误差（RMSE）为0.32。在使用此模型估测长三角地区3个稻作区绝大部分半糯米的外观分后，发现长三角地区半糯米材料前20%、20%—50%、50%—90%、最后10%的外观评分范围分别是大于0.23、-0.48—0.23、-1.68—-0.48、小于-1.68，在实际应用中可以代表半糯米外观品质的4个等级：一级、二级、三级、等外。同时发现不同外观等级半糯米的粒型指标、垩白指标、透明度指标、色空间指标存在显著梯度差异，但其数值范围之间存在不同程度的交叉。【结论】利用垩白米透明度（X₄）、整体透明度（X₆）、垩白度（X₉）、L*(X₁₀)这4个指标可以建立有效的半糯米外观估测模型：Y=5.68＋0.17X₄＋0.19X₆-0.03X₉-0.12X₁₀。参照长三角地区半糯米各外观等级的外观评分范围，可以快速通过外观估测评分确定单个半糯米材料外观的优劣情况。通过外观估测模型对半糯米进行综合评价，有利于兼顾半糯米不同外观表型，能够准确反映半糯米外观的实际情况。

关键词: 粳稻, 半糯米, 外观估测, 外观特征选择, 回归分析, 感官评价

Abstract:

【Objective】Due to the cloudy and translucent appearance characteristics of semi-waxy rice, there is a lack of effective evaluation methods in the industry at present. It is necessary to construct an evaluation method for the appearance quality of semi-waxy, and classify the appearance quality of semi-waxy rice, so as to provide technical support for the standardization and development of semi-waxy rice industry. 【Method】In this study, according to GB/T 15682-2008 "Grain and Oil Inspection of rice, Rice cooking and edible quality sensory evaluation method", the appearance quality score of semi-waxy rice was obtained by artificial evaluation method, and various appearance indexes of semi-waxy rice were measured, including chalkiness, transparency, grain type and color space related indexes. Pearson correlation coefficient, max-relevance and min-redundancy, competitive adaptive reweighted sampling and intersection feature selection methods were used to analyze the relationship between chalkiness, transparency, grain shape and color space related indicators and the appearance sensory score of semi-waxy rice, and select the core indicators that can determine the appearance quality of semi-waxy rice for constructing and verification of semi-waxy rice appearance evaluation model. Finally, the model was used to estimate the overall appearance quality of semi-waxy rice in the Yangtze River Delta region and graded according to the estimated score. 【Result】Through comparing the estimation accuracy and stability of four models, this study found that the semi-waxy rice appearance evaluation model, represented by the equation Y=5.68＋0.17X₄＋0.19X₆-0.03X₉-0.12X₁₀, demonstrated the highest accuracy and stability. This model was constructed using chalk rice transparency (X₄), overall transparency (X₆), chalkiness (X₉), and L*(X₁₀), which were selected by the intersection feature selection method. Notably, this model incorporates the fewest number of indicators, with a coefficient of determination (R²) of 0.86 during model validation and a simulated root mean square error (RMSE) of 0.32. After using this model to estimate the appearance of most of the semi-waxy rice in the three rice-growing areas of the Yangtze River Delta, It was found that the appearance scores of the first 20%, 20%-50%, 50%-90% and last 10% of semi-waxy rice materials in the Yangtze River Delta region in this study were greater than 0.23, -0.48-0.23, -1.68--0.48 and less than -1.68, respectively, which can represent four levels of appearance quality of semi-waxy rice in practical applications: Level 1, Level 2, Level 3, Out of level. At the same time, it was found that there were significant gradient differences in grain type, chalkiness, transparency and color space among different appearance grades of semi-waxy rice, but there were different degrees of crossover between their value ranges.【Conclusion】Using chalk rice transparency (X₄), overall transparency (X₆), chalkiness (X₉), and L*(X₁₀), an effective estimation model of semi-waxy rice appearance could be established: Y=5.68＋0.17X₄＋0.19X₆-0.03X₉-0.12X₁₀. With reference to the scoring range of each appearance grade of semi-waxy rice in Yangtze River Delta region, the appearance of a single semi-waxy rice material can be quickly determined by the appearance estimation score. The evaluation of semi-waxy rice by appearance estimation model is beneficial to take into account the different appearance phenotypes of semi-waxy rice, and can accurately reflect the actual situation of semi-waxy rice appearance.

Key words: japonica rice, semi-waxy rice, visual estimation, selection of visual features, regression analysis, sensory evaluation

范鹏, 杨天乐, 朱少龙, 王志杰, 张明月, 魏海燕, 刘国栋. 长三角地区半糯粳稻外观品质的评价[J]. 中国农业科学, 2024, 57(16): 3105-3115.

FAN Peng, YANG TianLe, ZHU ShaoLong, WANG ZhiJie, ZHANG MingYue, WEI HaiYan, LIU GuoDong. Preliminary Study on Appearance Quality Evaluation of Semi-Waxy Rice in Yangtze River Delta Region[J]. Scientia Agricultura Sinica, 2024, 57(16): 3105-3115.

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评分Socre	综合外观Composite appearance
±3	参评样品与对照相比有相当大的差异，看一次就确信有明显的差距 There are considerable differences between the participating samples and the control samples, one observation convinced that there is a significant gap
±2	参评样品与对照相比有明显差异，观察一次还不能确信有明显的差距，但是感觉到某种程度的差距 There is a significant difference between the participating samples and the control group, the observation is not sure that there is a significant gap, but it is felt that there is a certain degree of gap
±1	参评样品与对照相比稍微有点差异，观察一次还不明确，需要观察第二次才能感觉到差异 There is a slight difference between the participating samples and the control, the first observation is not clear, and the difference can only be felt after the second observation
0	参评样品与对照样品相似，观察2次也不能判断是否有差距 The participating samples are similar to the control samples, and the difference could not be judged even after two observations

指标 Index	外观品质指标 Appearance quality index	均值 Mean	变幅 Range	变异系数 CV (%)
X₁	长Length (mm)	4.95	4.37-6.84	14.32
X₂	宽Width (mm)	2.69	2.29-3.02	6.25
X₃	长/宽Length-width ratio	1.87	1.59-2.99	21.56
X₄	垩白米透明度Chalk rice transparency (%)	6.88	3.21-12.13	31.91
X₅	无垩白米透明度Chalk-free rice transparency (%)	11.21	6.62-15.44	21.46
X₆	整体透明度Overall transparency (%)	10.03	6.02-13.88	22.25
X₇	垩白面积Chalky area (%)	28.20	18.46-40.34	18.05
X₈	垩白粒率Chalky grain rate (%)	24.03	2.57-74.23	68.44
X₉	垩白度Chalkiness (%)	7.30	0.46-22.04	75.62
X₁₀	L*(D65)	75.46	70.84-81.85	3.33
X₁₁	a*(D65)	-0.24	-0.89-0.38	-118.64
X₁₂	b*(D65)	15.84	13.61-17.14	4.94
Y	人工评分Manual score	-0.42	-2.29-2.18	-279.84

X₁	X₂	X₃	X₄	X₅	X₆
0.76**	-0.50**	0.72**	0.87**	0.79**	0.88**
X₇	X₈	X₉	X₁₀	X₁₁	X₁₂
-0.75**	-0.77**	-0.79**	-0.78**	-0.51**	0.53**

筛选方法 Method	指标个数 No. of traits	选择的指标 Selected traits
CC	6	X₄, X₅, X₆, X₈, X₉, X₁₀
MRMR	7	X₄, X₇, X₆, X₁₀, X₅, X₈, X₉
CARS	8	X₁, X₂, X₃, X₄, X₆, X₉, X₁₀, X₁₂
IFS	4	X₄, X₆, X₉, X₁₀

等级 Class	指标 Index	外观评分 Appearance score	长均值Length (mm)	宽均值width (mm)	长/宽均值Length/ width ratio	垩白米透明度 Chalk rice transparency (%)	非垩白米透明度Chalk- free rice transparency (%)	整体透明度Overall transparency (%)	垩白面积 Chalky area (%)	垩白粒率 Chalky grain rate (%)	垩白度 Chalkiness (%)	L* (D65)	a* (D65)	b* (D65)
一级 Level 1	最大值Max	1.95	7.12	3.02	3.18	12.13	15.44	13.88	36.43	34.06	11.22	76.90	0.39	18.59
	最小值Mini	0.23	4.50	2.27	1.58	6.49	10.08	9.90	17.91	0.83	0.19	70.16	-1.02	14.70
	均值Mean	0.62a	5.26a	2.67b	2.02a	9.04a	13.28a	12.03a	27.46c	13.16d	3.82d	73.81d	-0.41d	16.20a
二级 Level 2	最大值Max	0.23	5.74	3.01	2.40	9.03	14.25	12.35	40.34	39.64	11.25	78.04	0.38	18.17
	最小值Mini	-0.48	4.50	2.39	1.59	5.84	9.20	8.98	20.51	5.71	1.45	70.46	-0.87	14.24
	均值Mean	-0.11b	4.84b	2.73a	1.79b	7.35b	11.69b	10.65b	28.87c	18.41c	5.44c	74.91c	-0.29c	16.06b
三级 Level 3	最大值Max	-0.48	5.13	2.93	2.10	8.19	12.76	10.37	41.06	59.78	20.83	80.05	0.73	17.12
	最小值Mini	-1.68	4.28	2.31	1.59	3.25	6.90	6.80	23.11	5.72	1.70	70.89	-0.49	13.87
	均值Mean	-1.03c	4.73c	2.73a	1.74b	6.00c	9.81c	8.70c	30.46b	33.97b	10.47b	76.48b	-0.12b	15.54c
等外Off- grade	最大值Max	-1.68	5.00	2.86	1.94	6.35	10.87	8.06	39.84	81.09	25.46	81.85	0.56	15.98
	最小值Mini	-2.43	4.36	2.53	1.60	3.21	6.62	6.02	28.71	28.89	8.56	75.41	-0.38	13.61
	均值Mean	-1.98d	4.68d	2.71a	1.73b	4.48d	8.99d	7.26d	32.44a	52.17a	16.81a	78.52a	0.01a	14.86d

长三角地区半糯粳稻外观品质的评价

Preliminary Study on Appearance Quality Evaluation of Semi-Waxy Rice in Yangtze River Delta Region

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