中国农业科学 ›› 2019, Vol. 52 ›› Issue (22): 4050-4065.doi: 10.3864/j.issn.0578-1752.2019.22.010

• 种质资源 • 上一篇    下一篇

生产条件下谷子品种盐碱耐性的差异及综合评价

陈二影1,秦岭1,杨延兵1,黎飞飞1,王润丰1,张华文1,王海莲1,刘宾1,孔清华2,管延安1,2()   

  1. 1 山东省农业科学院作物研究所/山东省特色作物工程实验室,济南 250100
    2 山东师范大学,济南 250014
  • 收稿日期:2019-05-09 接受日期:2019-06-10 出版日期:2019-11-16 发布日期:2019-11-16
  • 通讯作者: 管延安
  • 作者简介:陈二影,Tel:0531-66658115;E-mail:chenerying_001@163.com
  • 基金资助:
    山东省自然科学基金(ZR2017YL010);国家现代农业产业技术体系(CARS-06-13.5-A19);山东省农业科学院青年科研基金(2016YQN03)

Variation and Comprehensive Evaluation of Salt and Alkali Tolerance of Different Foxtail Millet Cultivars Under Production Conditions

CHEN ErYing1,QIN Ling1,YANG YanBing1,LI FeiFei1,WANG RunFeng1,ZHANG HuaWen1,WANG HaiLian1,LIU Bin1,KONG QingHua2,GUAN YanAn1,2()   

  1. 1 Crop Research Institute, Shandong Academy of Agricultural Sciences/Featured Crops Engineering Laboratory of Shandong Province, Jinan 250100
    2 Shandong Normal University, Jinan 250014
  • Received:2019-05-09 Accepted:2019-06-10 Online:2019-11-16 Published:2019-11-16
  • Contact: YanAn GUAN

摘要:

【目的】明确生产条件下不同谷子品种的耐盐碱性差异,确定谷子大田耐盐碱性鉴定方法和指标。【方法】 以华北夏谷区主推的8个谷子新品种为材料,设置东营滨海盐碱地条件和济南试验地正常条件处理,进行谷子大田耐盐碱性研究。【结果】 在盐碱地和对照正常条件下,参试谷子品种产量均表现出显著差异,变异系数分别为39.1%和13.0%。与对照相比,盐碱地条件下,各品种产量均显著降低,产量盐害率变幅为20.7%—63.4%,变异系数为48.4%;盐碱地条件下,所有品种单穗重、单穗粒重、千粒重、出谷率、株高、SPAD、地上部同化物质积累量和收获指数均降低;盐碱地花前同化物质的转运量提高,平均增幅为34.4%,花后同化物质的积累量降低,平均降幅为42.7%。产量盐害率与单穗重(R=-0.937)、单穗粒重(R=-0.933)、干物质重(R=-0.895)、花前同化物质转运量(R=-0.935)、花前同化物质转运率(R=-0.880)、花前转运同化物质对籽粒贡献率(R=-0.859)、花后同化物质积累量(R=-0.909)和开花期地上部含水量(R=-0.834)均呈显著负相关,与花后同化物质积累量对籽粒贡献率(R=0.859)呈极显著正相关,而与出谷率和千粒重间无显著相关性。通过主成分分析,确定了单穗重、单穗粒重、干物质重和地上部含水量可以作为耐盐碱性鉴定指标,且通过主成分分析和隶属函数进行了谷子耐盐碱性的综合评价,济谷22和济谷21的综合得分值最高。【结论】 在盐碱地条件下,不同谷子品种存在耐盐碱性差异,单穗重、单穗粒重、干物质重和地上部含水量可以作为大田耐盐碱性的鉴定指标,济谷22和济谷21为耐盐碱性品种;在盐碱地条件下,不同谷子品种花前同化物质的转运量提高,且花前转运同化物质对籽粒的贡献率和开花期地上部含水量均与盐害率呈显著负相关,因此,提高开花期地上部各器官的含水量和花前转运同化物对籽粒的贡献率是提高盐碱地条件下谷子产量的重要手段。

关键词: 谷子, 盐碱地, 同化物质转运, 地上部含水量, 主成分分析

Abstract:

【Objective】The objective of the experiment was to identify variation of salt and alkali tolerance of different foxtail millet cultivars under saline-alkali soil and normal soil, and to develop identification method and index. 【Method】In this study, 8 newly developed elite foxtail millet cultivars in summer sowing region were used to explore the differences of salt and alkali tolerance among cultivars on saline-alkali soil and normal soil.【Result】The results showed that there was significant yield differences among cultivars at saline-alkali and control conditions, and the variable coefficients were 13.0% and 39.1%, respectively. Yields of 8 foxtail millet cultivars were reduced in different degree in saline-alkali soil compared with control. The range of yield salt injury rate among cultivars was 20.7%-63.4% and variable coefficient was 48.4%. There existed reduction in weight per panicle, grain weight per panicle, thousand seed weight, plant height, SPAD, shoot biomass and yield index of all cultivars in saline-alkali soil compared with control. Assimilate translocation amount pre-anthesis (ATAPA) was increased by 34.4% and accumulated assimilate amount post-anthesis (AAAPA) was reduced by 42.7% in saline-alkali soil compared with control. There had significantly positive correlation between salt injury rate of yield and contribution rate of accumulated assimilate post-anthesis to grain (CRAAPA) (R=0.859), and had significantly negative correlation between salt injury rate of yield and weight per panicle (R=0.859), grain weight per panicle (R=0.859), shoot biomass (R=-0.895), ATAPA (R=-0.935), assimilate translocation rate pre-anthesis (ATRPA) (R=-0.880), contribution rate of translocated assimilate pre-anthesis to grain (CRTAPA) (R=-0.859), AAAPA (R=-0.909) and shoot water content at anthesis (R=-0.834). Weight per panicle, grain weight per panicle, shoot biomass and shoot water content were screened as salt and alkali tolerant indexes from principal component analysis, Jigu21 and Jigu22 were screened as high salt and alkali tolerant cultivars from principal component analysis and membership function.【Conclusion】8 foxtail millet cultivars had different salt and alkali tolerance in saline-alkali soil, and Jigu22 and Jigu21 were selected as the strong salt and alkali tolerant cultivars. Weight per panicle, grain weight per panicle, shoot biomass and shoot water content at anthesis were screened as salt and alkali tolerance indexes. ATAPA was increased and AAAPA was reduced in saline-alkali soil compared with control, and salt injury rate of yield negatively correlated with ATAPA and shoot water content at anthesis, which showed that improving shoot water content at anthesis and the contribution rate of translocated assimilate pre-anthesis to yield were important approaches to increase foxtail millet grain yield on saline-alkali soil.

Key words: foxtail millet, saline-alkali soil, transport assimilation, shoot water content, principal component analysis