高温胁迫下糙米短期储藏气味指纹图谱变化规律的动态分析

doi:10.3864/j.issn.0578-1752.2021.02.013

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

【目的】探讨高温胁迫下短期储藏时间内糙米气味指纹图谱变化规律性,为糙米品质劣变的快速检测提供参考。【方法】以17.0%水分含量的新鲜糙米随机等分成6组进行储藏,采用顶空进样方式,分别结合气相色谱质谱联用技术（gas chromatography-mass spectrometry,GC-MS）和气相离子迁移谱技术（gas chromatography-ion mobility spectrometry,GC-IMS）,对高温储藏环境（40℃、相对湿度70%）中0、5、10、15、20和25 d的糙米挥发性化学成分及GC-IMS指纹图谱进行对比分析,并结合动态主成分和统计学方法进行数据分析。【结果】GC-MS定量分析表明,在新鲜糙米顶空气体成分中共检测出42种挥发性成分（GC-MS匹配度>85%）,主要由醛类、醇类、烃类组成,含量占比超过85%。高温短期储藏15 d后,正己醛含量从初始的（81.09±0.53）μg·kg^-1显著上升至（185.18±15.71）μg·kg^-1,储藏25 d时,又急剧下降至（12.89±0.72）μg·kg^-1（P<0.01）。部分物质如苯甲醇、1-辛烯-3-醇、苯乙烯等在储藏过程中被检出。结合GC-IMS方法,乙酸丙酯对应的气味挥发性色谱分离离子迁移信号随储藏时间延长而逐渐降低,可以作为糙米高温储藏期的重要标识物质。动态主成分降维处理后表明,基于GC-IMS气味指纹图谱可以区分不同储藏时间的糙米样品。与GC-MS相比,GC-IMS在糙米挥发性醇类、酮类等挥发性物质定性识别方面优势较为明显。【结论】GC-MS和GC-IMS技术结合气味指纹图谱的主成分分析可以对高温胁迫下短期储藏糙米的挥发特性进行有效的定性与定量分析,为高温环境下不同储藏阶段糙米样品的准确区分和糙米储藏新鲜度的判定提供技术参考。

关键词: 糙米, 气相色谱-质谱法（GC-MS）, 气相离子迁移谱（GC-IMS）, 挥发性有机物, 气味指纹图谱

Abstract:

【Objective】 Changes of flavor fingerprinting in brown rice during high temperature short-term storage were investigated to establish a novel non-destructive detection methods for quality prediction of brown rice.【Method】 The brown rice with moisture content of 17.0 % (wet basis) was stored for 0, 5, 10, 15, 20 and 25 days under 40℃ temperature with relative humidity of 70%. Brown rice flavor compounds were collected by using headspace solid phase extraction method and its fingerprinting characteristics determined via gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) and gas chromatography-ion mobility spectrometry (GC-IMS). Dynamic principal component analysis (dPCA) model based on GC-IMS datasets was constructed.【Result】 Total of 42 volatile organic compounds were identified and quantitated based on GC-MS datasets. Aldehydes, alcohols and esters were the major compounds in flavor of fresh brown rice. After high temperature 15 days of storage, the contents of hexanal increased (P < 0.05) to (185.18±15.71) μg·kg^-1 from initial contents of (81.09±0.53) μg·kg^-1, and then sharply decreased to (12.89±0.72) μg·kg^-1 aat 25 days of storage. Volatile organic compounds, including benzyl alcohol, 1-octene-3-ol and styrene, were successfully identified during storage stage. Based on GC-IMS analysis, ethyl acetate could be selected as the potential volatile markers to evaluate the freshness of brown rice. Good discriminated results were obtained for classifying different storage period of brown rice under via dPCA algorithm based on GC-IMS datasets. GC-IMS could better qualitatively analyze the volatile alcohols and ketones compounds than GC-MS. 【Conclusion】 GC-MS and GC-IMS detection method with dPCA discrimination analysis could obtain reliable flavor fingerprinting, achieve outstanding evaluation performance, and provide technical support for qualitative and quantitative monitoring the freshness of brown rice during high temperature storage.

Key words: brown rice, gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS), gas phase ion migration spectrum (GC-IMS), volatile organic compounds, flavor fingerprint

刘强,刘纪伟,田恬,严薇,刘兵,赵思琪,胡秋辉,丁超. 高温胁迫下糙米短期储藏气味指纹图谱变化规律的动态分析[J]. 中国农业科学, 2021, 54(2): 379-391.

LIU Qiang,LIU JiWei,TIAN Tian,YAN Wei,LIU Bing,ZHAO SiQi,HU QiuHui,DING Chao. Dynamic Analysis for the Characteristics of Flavor Fingerprints for Brown Rice in Short-Term Storage Under High Temperature Stress[J]. Scientia Agricultura Sinica, 2021, 54(2): 379-391.

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链接本文: https://www.chinaagrisci.com/CN/10.3864/j.issn.0578-1752.2021.02.013

https://www.chinaagrisci.com/CN/Y2021/V54/I2/379

图/表 8

表1

高温储藏下糙米挥发性成分及含量"

种类 Category	名称 Name	储藏时间 Storage time (d)
种类 Category	名称 Name	0	5	10	15	20	25
醛类 Aldehydes	正己醛 Hexanal	81.09±0.53b	71.28±1.84c	74.48±10.69bc	185.18±15.71a	59.67±9.07d	12.89±0.72e
	苯甲醛 Benzaldehyde	136.92±28.06d	225.64±8.43b	176.47±5.96c	256.75±19.55a	126.52±17.77d	173.18±34.83cd
	庚醛 Heptanal	—	18.14±0.28	—	—	—	—
	反-2-辛烯醛 E-2-Octenal	—	21.82±0.86a	22.91±1.85a	—	—	—
	反-2-十二烯醛 E-2-Dodecenal	—	—	—	—	15.34±2.13	—
醇类 Alcohols	己醇 Etnanol	115.10±20.88ab	109.93±3.36b	97.56±17.80ab	160.09±45.77a	121.80±19.14ab	—
	苯甲醇 Benzyl Alcohol	—	—	63.06±3.20b	109.33±2.84a	44.75±11.25c	124.43±45.33a
	1-辛烯-3-醇 1-Octen-3-ol	—	17.56±0.93c	—	—	125.97±20.45a	63.11±3.38b
	正十三烷-1-醇 n-Tridecan-1-ol	—	1.99±0.19	—	—	—	—
酯类 Esters	丙位己内酯 4-Hexanolide	3.41±1.06	—	—	—	—	—
	丙位壬内酯 γ-Nonanolactone	—	—	7.61±1.29	—	—	—
	甲酸辛酯 Octyl Formate	—	—	—	—	17.58±0.78	—
酮类 Ketones	苯乙酮 Acetophenone	—	—	—	4.01±2.29	—	—
烃类 Hydrocarbons	十二烷 Dodecane	13.88±6.73c	19.22±1.22b	14.50±2.25c	24.09±7.28ab	24.43±1.50a	3.23±0.93d
	葵环戊烷 Anemone	2.14±0.50b	5.42±0.19a	—	—	—	—
	正十四烷 Tetradecane	7.90±1.25c	10.48±0.12b	14.75±3.56ab	9.38±2.95bc	18.25±0.91a	4.15±0.55d
	长叶烯 d-Longifolene	13.16±3.92a	8.26±0.53b	15.87±0.11a	7.58±3.32b	14.29±2.89a	16.46±2.22a
	环十四烷 Cyclotetradecane	6.43±1.98b	6.35±0.29b	—	7.74±2.25b	12.04±2.71a	—
	8-己基十五烷 8-Hexylpentadecane	1.67±0.43b	—	—	2.87±0.79a	—	—
	苯乙烯 Styrene	—	14.83±0.28a	6.97±5.34b	—	—	3.21±0.10b
	3,7-二甲基葵烷 3,7-Dimethyldecane	—	5.62±0.22	—	—	—	—
	3,8-二甲基葵烷 3,8-Dimethyldecane	—	11.67±1.1+	—	—	—	—
	壬基环丙烷 Nonylcyclopropane	—	10.37±0.69a	—	—	—	3.91±0.01b
	二十烷 Eicosane	—	4.19±1.70	—	—	—	—
	7-己基二十二烷 7-Hexyldocosane	—	1.44±0.59	—	—	—	—
	1-十一烯 1-Undecene	—	—	7.25±0.69	—	—	—
	十五烷 Pentadecane	—	—	—	1.10±0.20	—	—
	十六烷 Hexadecane	—	—	—	10.01±4.79	—	—
	十一烷 Undecane	—	—	—	15.38±6.81	—	—
	1-戊烯 1-Pentene	—	—	—	2.73±0.68	—	—
	9-甲基壬烷 9-Methylnonane	—	—	—	14.41±1.95	—	—
	三十四烷 Tetradecane	—	—	—	—	3.70±1.94	—
其他 Others	氯乙酸十一酯 Undecyl Chloroacetate	6.12±5.12	—	—	—	—	—
	邻二氯苯 1,2-Dichlorobenzene	—	4.29±1.61	—	—	—	—
	1,3-二氯苯 1,3-Dichlorobenzene	—	—	—	4.95±0.01	—	—
	三氟乙酸十六烷 Hexadecyl Trifluoroacetate	—	4.87±1.10	—	—	—	—
	(甲氧基乙基)-基硫脲 4 - (Methoxyethyl) - Thiourea	—	—	—	—	1.19±0.05	—
酚类 Phenols	2,4-二叔丁基苯酚2,4-Di-Tert-Butylphenol	20.32±4.62e	40.07±2.57cd	36.42±4.30d	51.38±9.86c	212.01±12.56a	88.62±3.51b
	2-叔丁基苯酚 o-Tert-Butyl Phenol	—	—	18.55±3.90	—	—	—
	3-叔丁基苯酚 3-Tert-Butylphenol	—	—	—	8.91±1.80b	22.98±0.91a	—
	4-叔丁基苯酚 4-Tert-Butylphenol	—	—	8.00±0.99	—	—	—
杂环 Heterocyclic	2,6-二叔丁基苯醌2,6-Di-Tert-Butyl-p-Benzoquinone	11.41±2.93c	11.36±0.86c	25.86±4.22b	38.80±6.99a	44.20±2.97a	21.00±2.43b

表1

图1

图2

图3

图4

表2

样品特征峰对应的化合物及相对含量"

序号Sequence	化合物 Compound	储藏时间 Storage time (d)
序号Sequence	化合物 Compound	0	5	10	15	20	25
1	乙醇Etnanol	8.79±0.30	9.15±0.24	9.12±0.08	9.51±0.28	12.09±0.21	13.19±0.14
2	3-甲基-3-丁烯-1-醇3-Methyl-3-buten-1-ol	2.21±0.09	2.39±0.05	2.62±0.09	2.77±0.16	3.54±0.06	4.49±0.21
3	2-甲基丁醇2-Methybutanol	1.17±0.05	1.27±0.03	1.45±0.04	1.53±0.03	1.92±0.05	2.39±0.06
4	戊醇1-Pentanol	2.80±0.15	2.89±0.10	2.80±0.08	1.80±0.07	1.42±0.06	1.26±0.10
5	3-甲基-1-戊醇3-Methyl-1-Pentanol	0.36±0.02	0.38±0.04	0.40±0.01	0.35±0.10	0.36±0.02	0.43±0.04
6	2-己醇2-Hexanol	2.77±0.07	3.09±0.10	3.19±0.12	3.50±0.10	4.66±0.02	5.15±0.11
7	叶醇Z-3-Hexen-1-ol	0.52±0.02	0.60±0.05	0.61±0.02	0.46±0.02	0.37±0.03	0.34±0.05
8	己醇1-Hexanol	0.44±0.04	0.42±0.05	0.44±0.01	0.43±0.03	0.44±0.05	0.48±0.05
9	甲基丙醇2-Methylpropanol	0.62±0.04	0.58±0.04	0.62±0.04	0.81±0.03	1.04±0.04	0.87±0.12
10	1-辛烯-3-醇1-Octen-3-ol	3.04±0.19	3.03±0.09	2.49±0.10	4.93±0.04	5.79±0.20	6.63±0.37
11	2-己基己醇2-Ethylhexanol	1.91±0.12	2.22±0.07	2.35±0.16	1.39±0.11	0.94±0.03	0.89±0.05
12	壬醇1-Nonanol	0.46±0.04	0.50±0.04	0.52±0.02	0.55±0.04	0.62±0.05	0.72±0.07
13	丁醇1-Butanol	0.60±0.03	0.64±0.02	0.70±0.03	1.02±0.06	0.92±0.05	1.02±0.07
14	2-甲基丙醇2-Methylpropanol	0.54±0.03	0.53±0.04	0.57±0.05	0.82±0.03	0.85±0.03	0.78±0.16
15	2-丁酮2-Butanone	2.87±0.06	3.07±0.08	3.03±0.08	1.99±0.11	2.05±0.03	2.31±0.24
16	2-戊酮2-Bentanone	2.80±0.04	3.01±0.04	2.97±0.18	2.84±0.08	3.09±0.04	2.86±0.29
17	2-己酮2-Bexanone	0.72±0.07	0.73±0.06	0.73±0.04	0.66±0.04	0.57±0.00	0.45±0.04
18	2-庚酮2-Beptanone	1.68±0.10	1.74±0.11	1.70±0.03	1.00±0.05	0.82±0.17	0.85±0.18
19	甲基己基甲酮2-Octanone	2.79±0.15	2.72±0.11	2.63±0.05	2.46±0.17	2.61±0.11	3.19±0.17
20	2-己酮2-Hexanone	0.25±0.03	0.32±0.04	0.28±0.02	0.34±0.04	0.47±0.03	0.62±0.10
21	丙酮Acetone	18.61±0.76	18.66±0.59	19.99±0.44	21.30±0.57	23.81±0.13	26.10±1.78
22	正己醛Hexanal	14.50±0.45	14.53±0.57	14.63±0.13	12.79±0.06	8.28±0.49	3.72±0.25
23	苯甲醛Benzaldehyde	7.91±0.21	7.90±0.25	7.66±0.29	9.19±0.02	10.51±0.21	8.95±0.58
24	辛醛Octanal	3.87±0.22	4.02±0.39	4.39±0.11	2.62±0.22	1.46±0.04	1.11±0.05
25	正壬醛n-Nonanal	5.23±3.37	3.25±0.41	3.02±0.07	3.49±0.08	3.51±0.36	3.69±0.43
26	戊醛Pentanal	0.88±0.07	0.79±0.14	0.80±0.06	0.48±0.04	0.21±0.04	0.14±0.01
27	反-2-辛烯醛E-2-Octenal	0.84±0.06	0.74±0.04	0.61±0.03	0.48±0.06	0.35±0.04	0.44±0.11
28	庚醛Heptanal	2.23±0.06	2.15±0.26	2.23±0.04	1.19±0.05	0.58±0.05	0.51±0.04
29	苯乙醛Phenylacetaldehyde	0.38±0.01	0.39±0.04	0.39±0.05	0.28±0.02	0.23±0.02	0.23±0.02
30	丁内酯Butyrolactone	0.13±0.03	0.15±0.01	0.12±0.01	0.11±0.02	0.14±0.03	0.13±0.02
31	乙酸丙酯Propyl acetate	0.49±0.08	0.36±0.06	0.27±0.03	0.20±0.02	0.20±0.01	0.14±0.03
32	2-戊基呋喃2-Pentylfuran	0.93±0.02	0.97±0.08	1.10±0.05	0.85±0.01	0.78±0.07	0.78±0.03
33	邻苯甲酚o-Cresol	6.49±0.29	6.62±0.54	5.32±0.19	7.66±0.18	5.26±0.39	5.02±0.55
34	对氯苯氧异丁酸p-Chlorophenoxyisobutyric acid	0.19±0.04	0.19±0.04	0.23±0.02	0.18±0.00	0.14±0.01	0.14±0.02

表2

图5

表3

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