1-MCP和延迟冷藏对‘早红考密斯’梨货架期间品质 和软化相关基因表达的影响

doi:10.3864/j.issn.0578-1752.2020.22.012

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 【目的】针对‘早红考密斯’梨因果肉软化和果实腐烂导致损耗严重等问题,通过分析1-MCP和延迟冷藏处理对‘早红考密斯’梨果实腐烂和货架期软化的影响,解析‘早红考密斯’梨中果实软化相关基因表达模式,旨在为延长‘早红考密斯’梨货架期提供新的理论依据。【方法】‘早红考密斯’梨经1.0 μL?L ^-1 1-甲基环丙烯（1-MCP）处理后,分别在（20±2）℃下放置0、3和6 d后再进行（0±0.5）℃冷藏。冷藏95 d后转入货架期（（20±2）℃）分析果实品质变化,利用实时荧光定量PCR（qRT-PCR）分析多聚半乳糖醛酸酶基因（PG1、PG2）、α-阿拉伯呋喃糖苷酶基因（ARF1、ARF2）和β-半乳糖苷酶基因（GAL4）的表达模式。【结果】延迟冷藏易导致‘早红考密斯’梨果实软化和腐烂,并且随着处理时间延长,果实腐烂率加剧;与空气密封处理后直接冷藏（CK）相比,1-MCP结合延迟冷藏处理能有效维持货架期果实硬度,抑制果实呼吸速率和乙烯生成速率,减少果实腐烂,保持果实品质,但随着延迟冷藏处理时间延长,果实货架期呼吸速率和乙烯生成速率增加,果实软化进程加快;1-MCP结合延迟冷藏处理可显著抑制果实软化相关基因PG1、PG2、ARF1、ARF2和GAL4等的表达,但随着延迟冷藏处理时间延长,这种抑制效果减弱。【结论】延迟冷藏易导致‘早红考密斯’梨腐烂,因此采后需尽快冷藏;1-MCP抑制软化和腐烂效果明显,结合延迟冷藏处理,在一定程度上有利于‘早红考密斯’梨冷藏后货架期果实软化;PG1、PG2、ARF1和GAL4参与了‘早红考密斯’梨冷藏后货架期果实的软化过程。

关键词: ‘早红考密斯’梨;, 1-甲基环丙烯, 延迟冷藏, 品质, 软化

Abstract:

【Objective】Focusing on the serious loss of ‘Doyenne du Comice’ (Pyrus communis L.) pear fruit that was resulted from rapid softening and decay, the effects of 1-methylcyclopropene (1-MCP) and delayed cold-storage on fruit decay and softening at shelf-life was studied, and the expression pattern of the softening-related genes of ‘Doyenne du Comice’ pear was also detected, so as to provide a theoretical basis for extending the shelf-life of ‘Doyenne du Comice’ pear.【Method】The ‘Doyenne du Comice’ pear fruit were firstly treated with 1.0 μL?L ^-1 1-MCP, and then were respectively placed at 20 ± 2℃ for 0, 3 and 6 d before storing at (0 ± 0.5)℃, which was considered as the delayed cold-storage. After 95 d of cold storage, the fruit quality was detected at shelf-life (20 ± 2℃), and the expression patterns of softening associated genes, such as polygalacturonase genes (PG1, PG2), α-arabinofuranosidase genes (ARF1, ARF2) and β-galactosidase gene (GAL4), were studied by the real-time quantitative PCR (qRT-PCR).【Result】The delayed cold-storage treatment could easily lead to fruit softening and decay in ‘Doyenne du Comice’ pear, and the fruit decay rate increased with the extending of delayed cold-storage. Compared with the treatment that the fruit were directly stored at 0 °C after air sealing (CK), the treatments of 1-MCP and 1-MCP combined with delayed cold-storage could maintain a higher fruit firmness, and reduce the rates of fruit decay, respiration and ethylene production, but it would increase in the rates of respiration and ethylene production, and accelerate the fruit softening with the extending of delayed cold-storage. The expression of softening related genes, such as PG1, PG2, ARF1, ARF2 and GAL4, were significantly inhibited by 1-MCP and 1-MCP combined with delayed cold-storage, while it would be weakened with the delayed cold-storage extended.【Conclusion】The decay of ‘Doyenne du Comice’ pear fruit was easily induced by delayed cold-storage treatment, so it was proposed that the postharvest fruit should be rapidly stored under the cold condition. The inhibition of the fruit softening and decay by 1-MCP treatment was more obvious, and the treatment that 1-MCP combined with delayed cold-storage was beneficial to fruit softening. The genes of PG1, PG2, ARF1 and GAL4 were involved in the softening of ‘Doyenne du Comice’ pear at shelf-life after cold storage.

Key words: ‘Doyenne du Comice’ pear;, 1-methylcyclopropene, delayed cold-storage, quality, softening

程玉豆,张亚光,关军锋,冯云霄,何近刚. 1-MCP和延迟冷藏对‘早红考密斯’梨货架期间品质和软化相关基因表达的影响[J]. 中国农业科学, 2020, 53(22): 4658-4666.

CHENG YuDou,ZHANG YaGuang,GUAN JunFeng,FENG YunXiao,HE JinGang. Effects of 1-MCP and Delayed Cold-Storage on Quality and Expression of Softening Related Genes in ‘Doyenne du Comice’ Pear During Shelf-Life[J]. Scientia Agricultura Sinica, 2020, 53(22): 4658-4666.

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基因 Gene	登录号 Access No.	正向引物 Forward primer	反向引物 Reverse primer
PG1	KC855751	5′-GCTTATCCTTCATACATGGACACC-3′	5′-CTGATGATGTTGCTATCCCACC-3′
PG2	KC855752	5′-AAATCAGAAAATCCTAAAACCAGC-3′	5′-GCTTATAGCCATCATCAACAACG-3′
ARF1	KC855732	5′-CTTTTTTCCACAATCCTCATTCC-3′	5′-GCTCTCGACGGTATAGAATTTGC-3′
ARF2	KC855733	5′-TAGCAACATTCCCATCCACC-3′	5′-AACATTACACTGCCTATGATCTCG-3′
GAL4	KC855745	5′-GATCAATTCACTATCCCAGAAGC-3′	5′-GTATAACATCCAAGCCTCCAGC-3′
ACT2	GU830958	5′-GGACATTCAACCCCTCGTCT-3′	5’-ATCCTTCTGACCCATACCAACC-3’

处理 Treatment	腐烂率 Decay rate (%)
CK	8.8±2.4c
1-MCP	1.3±2.2d
20℃ 3 d	33.7±0.6b
1-MCP+20℃ 3 d	8.7±2.1c
20℃ 6 d	91.3±5.6a
1-MCP+20℃ 6 d	6.3±2.2cd