我国农产品营养标准体系现状与发展建议

doi:10.3864/j.issn.0578-1752.2019.18.007

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

随着我国经济社会持续稳定发展和居民生活水平的不断提高,消费者日益关注农产品营养品质和膳食健康,发展营养导向型农业已是势在必行。农产品营养标准是营养导向型农业的技术支撑,是指导育种、种养殖管理等农业生产工作的总纲。如何运用标准化手段规范营养导向型农业的各个环节,研究和构建具有我国特色的农产品营养标准体系,对于我国农业向高质量发展阶段迈进有积极推动作用。梳理和分析我国农产品营养标准现状的目的是构建我国农产品营养标准体系的基本框架。本文重点分析了我国农产品质量标准中与营养品质相关的标准发展现状,包括农产品等级规格标准、绿色食品标准、中国好粮油标准、富硒农产品标准、农产品地理标志标准和有机食品标准。其次梳理了食品营养标准中涉及农产品的部分内容,重点分析了保健食品、预包装食品营养标签和食药物质相关标准。最后跟踪了国际上农产品营养标准制定的最新进展,包括生物强化定义草案、生鲜农产品营养标签与功能声称。通过梳理发现,我国农产品营养标准仍处在起步阶段,仅有部分农产品标准包含营养成分指标,未形成层次清晰、标准化对象明确的农产品营养标准体系。因此,文中提出了构建我国农产品营养标准体系的思路和发展建议。农产品营养标准分为基础标准、营养成分检测方法标准、营养品质评价标准、营养标签标识标准、产品标准、生产技术规程等6个方面。从营养角度将农产品划分为3类,即大宗农产品、特色农产品、营养强化农产品,并对此开展分类评价。构建农产品营养标准体系时应整合专业力量,完善组织保障;遵循科学合理、配套融合、动态开放原则;以科学研究为基础,合理制定标准。

关键词: 农产品, 营养品质, 标准, 标签标识

Abstract:

With the steady and sustainable development of Chinese economy, society, and the continuous improvement of residents’ living standards, consumers are increasingly concerned about the nutritional quality of agricultural products and their dietary health. It is imperative to develop nutrition-sensitive agriculture, which is supported by nutrition standard of agricultural products. The objective of this paper was to develop the basic framework of nutrition standard of agricultural product in China by analyzing agricultural products standard system, including grading and specifications, green food, the grain & oil products, selenium-enriched agricultural products, geographical indication agricultural products, and organic foods. More specifically, this paper investigated the relationship of nutrition standards between food and agricultural product, mainly based on health food, pre-packaged food nutrition label. In addition, this paper deliberated the latest international developments in agricultural product nutrition standards, hoping to find more reference and suggestions for developing China’s nutrition standard system. We found that the nutrition standard of agricultural products in China was still on the early stage side, as few standards contain nutrition indicators. On this basis, we concluded that it was inevitable to put forward the proposition for the nutrition standard system of agricultural product in China. The standard system was divided into six aspects: basic standards, analytic methods of nutritional components, evaluation standards of nutritional quality, labeling, product standards and production technical regulations. From the point of view of evaluation standards of nutritional quality, agricultural products were divided into three categories: the bulk agricultural products, distinctive agricultural products and bio-fortified agricultural products.

Key words: agricultural products, nutrition quality, standard, label

朱宏, 梁克红, 徐海泉, 仇菊, 郭燕枝, 黄家章, 朱大洲, 孙君茂. 我国农产品营养标准体系现状与发展建议[J]. 中国农业科学, 2019, 52(18): 3145-3154.

ZHU Hong , LIANG KeHong , XU HaiQuan , QIU Ju , GUO YanZhi , HUANG JiaZhang , ZHU DaZhou , SUN JunMao . Review and Suggestion for Nutrition Standard of Agricultural Products in China[J]. Scientia Agricultura Sinica, 2019, 52(18): 3145-3154.

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https://www.chinaagrisci.com/CN/Y2019/V52/I18/3145

图/表 3

表1

部分农产品营养标准及其营养指标"

标准体系 Standard system	标准编号 No. of standard	标准名称 Name of standard	营养指标 Nutrition indicator
等级规格 Grade and specification	GB/T 10651-2008	鲜苹果 Fresh apple	-
	GB/T 23234-2009	中国沙棘果实质量等级 Fruit grades of Hippophae rhamnoides L. subsp. Sinensis Rousi	维生素C、可溶性固形物、总黄酮 V_C, Soluble solids, Total flavonoids
	GB/T 6192-2008	黑木耳 Auricularia auricular	总糖、粗蛋白质、粗纤维、粗脂肪 Sugar, Protein, Fiber, Fat
	GB 1352-2009	大豆 Soybean	粗蛋白、粗脂肪 Protein, Fat
	GB/T 21488-2008	脐橙 Navel orange	可溶性固形物 Soluble solids
绿色食品 Green food	NY/T 1043-2016	绿色食品人参和西洋参 Green food-Ginseng and american ginseng	总皂苷 Total saponins
	NY/T 1051-2014	绿色食品枸杞与枸杞制品 Green food-Wolfberry and its products	枸杞多糖 Lycium barbarum polysaccharides
	NY/T 2981-2016	绿色食品魔芋及其制品 Green food-Konjak and its product	葡甘露聚糖、膳食纤维 Glucomannan, Dietary Fiber
中国好粮油 The grain & oil Products in China	LS/T 3112-2017	中国好粮油杂粮 The grain & oil Products in China-Coarse cereals	支链淀粉、抗性淀粉、β-葡聚糖 Amylopectin, Resistant starch, Beta-glucan
中国好粮油 The grain & oil Products in China	LS/T 3113-2017	中国好粮油杂豆 The grain & oil Products in China-Minor bean	蛋白、淀粉 Protein, Starch
富硒农产品 Selenium-enriched agricultural products	GB/T 22499-2008 GH/T 1090-2014 NY/T600-2002	富硒稻谷 Rich selenium paddy 富硒茶 Rich selenium tea 富硒茶 Rich selenium tea	硒含量 Selenium content 硒含量 Selenium content 硒含量 Selenium content
地理标志 Geographical indication	GB/T 19742-2008	地理标志产品沁州黄小米 Product of geographical indication-Qinzhouhuang foxtail millet	蛋白质、粗脂肪、维生素B₁ Protein, Fat, V_B1
地理标志 Geographical indication	GB/T 19742-2008	地理标志产品宁夏枸杞 Product of geographical indication-Ningxia lycium	枸杞多糖 Lycium barbarum polysaccharides

表1

表2

食药物质标准中含有的营养指标"

标准编号 No. of standard	标准名称 Name of standard	营养指标 Nutrition indicator
GB/T 22300-2008	丁香^[20] Clove	-
GB/T 7652-2016	八角^[21] Star anise	-
GB/T 20351-2006	地理标志产品怀山药^[22] Product of geographical indication-Huai rhizome dioscoreae	-
NY/T 1065-2006	山药等级规格^[23] Grades and specifications of yams	-
DBS45/ 015-2015	食品安全地方标准火麻仁 Hemp seed	α-亚麻酸 α-linolenic acid
GB/T 19618-2004	甘草^[13] Licorice	甘草酸 Glycyrrhizic acid
GB/T 21142-2007	地理标志产品泰兴白果^[24] Product of geographical indication Taixing ginkgo nut	蛋白质、淀粉、可溶性糖、总黄酮、银杏萜内酯 Protein, starch, Soluble sugar, total flavonoids, ginkgolides
GB/T 31735-2015	龙眼^[25] longan	-
GB 12049-1989	鲜龙眼^[26] Fresh longan	-
GB/T 32727-2016	肉豆蔻^[27] Nutmeg	-
GB/T 21824-2008	地理标志产品永春佛手^[28] Product of geographical indication-Yongchun Foshou tea	-
GB/T 20452-2006	仁用杏杏仁质量等级^[29] Standard for the quality of apricot kernel	-
GB/T 23234-2009	中国沙棘果实质量等级^[30] Fruit grades of Hippophae rhamnoides L. subsp. Sinensis Rousi	总黄酮、维生素C Total flavonoids, Vc
GB/T 30391-2013	花椒^[31] Prickly ash	-
NY/T 599-2002	红小豆 Small red bean	-
GB/T 20442-2006	地理标志产品宝清红小豆^[32] Product of geographical indication-Baoqinghong adzuki bean	粗蛋白、淀粉 Protein, starch
GB/T 22345-2008	鲜枣质量等级^[33] Grades of fresh Chinese jujube fruit	-
NY/T 694-2003	罗汉果 Luo hanguo	-
NY/T 2303-2013	农产品等级规格金银花 Grades and specifications of agricultural products-Lonicerae japonicae flos	-
GB/T 30383-2013	生姜 Ginger	钙（以氧化物计） Calcium
DB52/T 543-2016	地理标志产品连环砂仁 Product of geographical indication the Lianhuan Alpinia zerumbet (pers) Burtter smith	-
NY/T 1504-2007	莲子 Lotus seed	-
GB/T 20353-2006	地理标志产品怀菊花 Product of geographical indication Huai flos chrysanthemum	-
GB/T 30637-2014	食用葛根粉 Edible kudzu powder	葛根素 Puerarin
GB/T 7901-2018	黑胡椒 Black pepper	粗纤维、胡椒碱 Crude fibre, piperine
GB 14963-2011	食品安全国家标准蜂蜜 Honey	葡萄糖、蔗糖、锌 Glucose, sucrose, zinc
GB/T 32736-2016	干薄荷 Dried peppermint	-

表2

图1

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