玉米农田土壤碳排放及碳平衡对地膜覆盖方式及种植行距的响应

doi:10.3864/j.issn.0578-1752.2018.19.010

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 【目的】分析干旱绿洲灌区玉米农田土壤碳排放特征及碳平衡对地膜覆盖方式及种植行距的响应，为评价区域典型农作制模式及其关键栽培技术的生态效益提供参考依据。【方法】田间试验于2013—2014年在甘肃河西绿洲灌区进行，共设4个处理：全膜覆盖等行距（50 cm）、全膜覆盖宽窄行（40 cm+80 cm）、半膜覆盖等行距（50 cm）和半膜覆盖宽窄行（40 cm+80 cm）。分析土壤呼吸速率季节变化特征及土壤碳排放量。计算土壤碳排放效率（CEE），并采用净生态系统生产力（NEP）评估农田碳平衡及其强度。【结果】土壤呼吸速率随玉米生育进程呈典型的单峰曲线。全膜覆盖均显著提高了玉米全生育期农田土壤碳排量，且玉米根呼吸碳排放量的贡献率在18.8%—77.2%，平均为49.1%。半膜覆盖宽窄行碳排放效率最高，达到2.65 kg·kg^-1，分别较全膜覆盖等行距和全膜覆盖宽窄行处理高37.3%和26.2%。4种玉米种植模式中，半膜宽窄行模式净生态系统生产力最高，达到7 446.2 kg C·hm^-2，显著高于其他3种植模式。【结论】4种种植模式均表现为大气CO₂的汇，半膜覆盖宽窄行种植模式碳排放量最低的同时碳汇效应最强。

关键词: 玉米, 土壤呼吸, 碳排放效率, 碳平衡

Abstract: &【Objective】Field experiment was carried out to analyze and evaluate the effects of plastic film mulching pattern and row space on soil carbon emission and carbon balance of maize field in arid inland river irrigated area. The experimental results provided a reference for evaluating ecological effect of typical cropping systems and its key cultivating techniques in this area.【Method】Full-film mulching with uniform row (50 cm), full-film mulching with paired row (80 cm+40 cm), half-film mulching with uniform row (50 cm), half-film mulching with paired row (80 cm+40 cm) were layout in the year of 2013 and 2014. Dynamics of soil respiration rate and CO₂-C emission during maize growth stage were to be measured by using portable Li-8100A (LI-COR). Carbon emission efficiency (CEE) and net ecology productivity (NEP) were used as indexes to estimate carbon sequestration intensity.【Result】Soil respiration rate was significantly affected by different film mulching pattern and row space, and it showed a single peak curve during the entire growth stage of maize. Full-film mulching treatments increased soil CO₂ emission significantly, compared with half-film mulching treatments. The contribution rate of root CO₂-C emission to soil total CO₂-C emission varied from 18.8% to 77.2% between different film mulching pattern and row space treatments and its average was 49.1%. Half-film mulching with paired row space showed the highest CEE among the four cropping patterns, up to 2.64 kg·kg^-1, which was 37.3% and 26.2% higher than that of full-film mulching with uniform row space and paired row space cropping pattern, respectively. Half-film mulching with paired row space showed the highest NEP in four cropping patterns, up to 7 446.2 kg C·hm^-2, which was significantly higher than that of other three cropping patterns. 【Conclusion】Soil CO₂ emission of maize cropland was affected significantly by different film mulching patterns and row spaces, and the four main maize crop systems were sinks of atmospheric CO₂ in arid inland river irrigation area. Half-film mulching with paired row space showed the lowest carbon emission and the highest carbon sequestration intensity.

Key words: maize, soil respiration, carbon emission efficiency, carbon balance

于爱忠，柴强，殷文，胡发龙，樊志龙，赵财. 玉米农田土壤碳排放及碳平衡对地膜覆盖方式及种植行距的响应[J]. 中国农业科学, 2018, 51(19): 3726-3735.

YU AiZhong, CHAI Qiang, YIN Wen, HU FaLong, FAN ZhiLong, ZHAO Cai. Responses of Soil Carbon Emission and Carbon Balance of Maize Field to Plastic Film Mulching Pattern and Row Space[J]. Scientia Agricultura Sinica, 2018, 51(19): 3726-3735.

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