玉米主要植株性状的杂种优势位点分析

doi:10.3864/j.issn.0578-1752.2017.07.001

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 【目的】鉴定玉米株高等植株性状的杂种优势位点为优良玉米新品种选育提供重要的理论依据。【方法】利用一套以综3为供体，许178为受体的单片段代换系群体及其与轮回亲本许178的测交群体，于2014年在河南浚县、新乡、长葛3个试点进行田间鉴定，完全随机区组设计，3次重复，散粉后对株高、穗位高、叶片数进行测定。利用Duncan’s多重比较和t测验分别对玉米株高、穗位高和叶片数进行QTL分析和杂种优势位点分析。【结果】单片段代换系的测交群体在主要植株性状上均表现出一定的杂种优势，其中，株高在浚县、新乡和许昌点的中亲优势值分别为4.74%、3.61%和1.09%，穗位高的中亲优势值分别为6.06%、7.77%和7.51%，叶片数的中亲优势相对较小。利用SSSL群体在3个环境中定位了9个株高的QTL、10个穗位高的QTL、5个叶片数的QTL。利用测交群体定位了6个株高的杂种优势位点，其中3个HL同时被检测到；穗位高检测到8个杂种优势位点，有1个HL被同时检测到；叶片数定位了5个杂种优势位点，有1个HL被同时检测到。利用SSSL及其测交群体分别检测到3个植株性状的24个QTL和19个HL，在5个单片段代换系同时检测到同一性状的QTL和HL。【结论】株高、穗位高和叶片数的杂种优势在单片段代换系测交群体中呈:株高＞穗位高＞叶片数。定位到的QTL和HL中的一些在不同环境间存在保守性，且具有较大贡献率，这些主效QTL/HL所在的染色体区域可能存在调控所对应性状的主要基因，可作为进一步研究的依据。而且，少数染色体片段同时调控多个性状的杂种优势，表明所测性状间存在相关性。此外，定位到的株高、穗位高多数HL表现出超显性效应，而多数总叶片数相关的HL显示出显性效应，表明所测性状杂种优势主要来源于位点间的超显性效应。所测的3个性状间存在相关性，3个性状间平衡是遗传改良的重要目标。在育种实践中，上述主效QTL和HL可通过分子标记辅助选择，应用于理想株型育种，加快3个性状间协同改良进程。

关键词: 玉米, 农艺性状, SSSL测交群体, 杂种优势位点, 定位

Abstract: 【Objective】 Plant characters including plant height, ear height, etc., are important traits that can decide planting density and grain yield in field. They also have high heterosis, and used as a model to dissect the genetic basis of heterosis in studies, so identifying the heterotic loci for plant characters can provide useful information for selecting elite commercial maize hybrids.【Method】 A set of single segment substitution lines (SSSLs) population, which was constructed using the inbred line Xv178 as the receptor parent and the inbred line Zong 3 as the donor parent. The test populations were crossed with the receptor parent Xv178, and were used as the material in this study. The populations were evaluated in the field by following three replicates in randomized complete blocks carried out at Xunxian, Xinxiang and Xuchang locations in Henan province in 2014. Ten plants of each material were selected for measuring plant height, ear height, leaf number after the pollen shedding in the field. The heterotic loci for plant characters were identified through significant analysis comparing to each test hybrid and its mid-parent value by mean of t test. 【Result】 The three traits of plant characters of SSSL test population all had some heterosis, the mid-parent heterosis data of plant height were 4.74%, 3.61% and 1.09% in the Xunxian, Xinxiang and Xuchang locations, respectively, the mid-parent heterosis values of ear height were 6.06%, 7.77% and 7.51%, and leaf number had a little heterosis. A total of 9 QTL for plant height, 10 QTL for ear height, 5 QTL for leaf number were identified in the SSSL population in three environments. In the test population, 6 heterotic loci for plant height were identified, and 3 heterotic loci were detected in three environments simultaneously. For ear height, 8 heterotic loci were detected, including 1 heterotic locus identified in three locations simultaneously. There were 5 heterotic loci detected for leaf number, and 1 heterotic locus was identified in three environments simultaneously. A total of 24 QTL and 19 heterotic loci were identified for the 3 measured traits of plant character in the SSSL and its test population, 5 QTL and heterotic loci were identified in the same SSSLs. 【Conclusion】 The results revealed that the heterosis in plant height and ear height was greater than that in plant leaves number. Of the detected QTL and HL, a certain number of them were conserved across different environments. The chromosomal regions of these QTL/HL probably contain the important genes for corresponding trait. And, a few of chromosomal segments were proved to be associated with multiple traits, which indicated that these traits interact with each other during the plant development. Most of QTL/HL for plant height and ear height sowed over-dominant effects, but less over-dominant QTL/HL for plant leaf number. It implies that high heterosis is associated with high proportion of QTL/HL. Here the three tested traits are associated with each other, achieving balance among them is an important lodging-resistant breeding target. The above mentioned QTL and HL can be used by MAS (molecular assistance selection) to realize the target of elite plant architecture breeding.

Key words: maize, plant characters, single segment substitution lines, heterotic loci, mapping

刘晓阳，卫晓轶，陈浩，刘坤，谢惠玲，郭战勇，付志远，李卫华. 玉米主要植株性状的杂种优势位点分析[J]. 中国农业科学, 2017, 50(7): 1179-1188.

LIU XiaoYang, WEI XiaoYi, CHEN Hao, LIU Kun, XIE HuiLing, GUO ZhanYong, FU ZhiYuan, LI WeiHua. Identification of Heterotic Loci for Plant Traits Using Chromosomal Segment Substitution Lines Test Population in Maize[J]. Scientia Agricultura Sinica, 2017, 50(7): 1179-1188.

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