库尔勒香梨果实发育成熟的糖代谢和呼吸代谢响应特征

doi:10.3864/j.issn.0578-1752.2016.17.013

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 【目的】通过对库尔勒香梨果实发育及成熟过程果实糖代谢和呼吸代谢响应特征的研究，以探讨代谢互作对果实糖分动态积累的作用。【方法】花后60—150 d，每隔10 d取香梨样果，测定果肉、果心和果皮的质量，纵横径，淀粉及4种可溶性糖组分含量，不同途径呼吸速率，12种糖代谢酶与9种呼吸代谢酶活性的变化。通过回归分析、分阶聚类和主成分分析，确定果实发育及成熟不同阶段的质量与糖分的关系，呼吸主路径、代谢酶聚类关系对糖分构成的影响，以此讨论和构建香梨果实糖代谢和呼吸代谢的关联路径及不同部位的代谢特征。【结果】果心以糖酵解为呼吸主路径，果肉的糖酵解与三羧酸循环交替构成呼吸主路径，果皮呼吸主路径由糖酵解和三羧酸循环共同构成。果心和果肉的糖代谢与呼吸代谢可从花后90 d分为两种不同的响应模式，果皮的代谢响应在花后120 d变化明显。成熟期果心的淀粉、蔗糖、山梨醇代谢酶与糖酵解、磷酸戊糖途径、细胞色素途径代谢酶关联聚类；果肉的淀粉、蔗糖代谢酶与糖酵解、三羧酸循环、交替途径、细胞色素途径代谢酶关联；果皮的蔗糖、山梨醇代谢酶与糖酵解、三羧酸循环、交替途径、细胞色素途径代谢酶存在较高的聚类相关。聚类关联酶活性升高或达到峰值，与果心和果肉的果糖、葡萄糖积累，果皮山梨醇转化和果糖、葡萄糖含量升高显著关联。【结论】库尔勒香梨果实以果糖和葡萄糖为主成分的糖分积累构成典型的内在品质，存在果实成熟时糖分构成与甜度的部位异质，是发育与成熟不同阶段糖代谢与呼吸代谢不同动态响应累积的结果。磷酸己糖异构酶与细胞色素氧化酶是香梨果实3个部位同时在成熟阶段交联呼吸代谢与糖代谢的关键酶。

关键词: 库尔勒香梨, 果实发育, 糖代谢, 呼吸代谢, 响应特征

Abstract: 【Objective】The responding relationship of sugar metabolism and respiratory metabolism throughout the fruit development and ripening of Korla pear (Pyrus sinkiangensis Yu) was analyzed with an attempt to assess the effect of metabolic interaction on fruit sugar accumulation.【Method】Korla pears were sampled at 10-day intervals from 60-150 DPA days post anthesis and were sliced into pulps, cores and peels, then the 12 enzyme activities of sugar metabolism and 9 enzyme activities of respiratory metabolism as well as the quality, vertical and horizontal diameter, contents of starch and 4 soluble sugars, and respiration rates of different respiratory pathways were measured. The relationship between quality and sugar components, respiratory main pathway and the effect of clustered metabolic enzymes interaction on the sugars composition at different stages of fruit development and ripening were determined from the results of regression analysis, hierarchical clustering and principal component analysis for discussion and profile of the metabolic pathways and features of different fruit parts in Korla pear.【Result】EMP (Embden-Meyerhof-Parnas) is the respiratory main path of core. EMP and TCAC (Tricarboxyficacid cycle) alternately compose the respiratory main path of pulp. EMP is integrated with TCAC in the respiratory main path of fruit peel. Either core or pulp, the metabolic interaction between sugar metabolism and respiratory metabolism differs in 2 patterns at 90 DPA before and after, and differs at 120 DPA of peel, respectively. The enzymes of core involved in metabolism of starch, sucrose and sorbitol were clustered with the enzymes involved in metabolism of EMP, PPP (phosphopentose pathway) and CP (Cytochrome pathway) at maturation, as well as the hierarchical cluster of pulp grouped the enzymes involved in metabolism of starch, sucrose, EMP, TCAC, CP and AP (alternative pathway), and the cluster of peel grouped the enzymes involved in metabolism of sucrose, sorbitl, EMP, TCAC, CP and AP. The clustered enzyme activities increased dramatically or peaked that was relating significantly to the fructose and glucose accumulations of core and pulp, and relating to the increase of fructose and glucose with sorbitol conversion of fruit peel also.【Conclusion】Korla pear forms typical internal quality by sugar accumulation composed of principal components with fructose and glucose, which has a heterostructure presence of sugar composition and sweetness, that is the result of different metabolic profiles between sugar metabolism and respiratory metabolism respond progressively in different structures at different stages throughout the fruit development and ripening. GPI (glucose phosphate isomerase) and COX (Cytochrome oxidase) are key enzymes of common crosslink in sugar metabolism and respiratory metabolism at fruit maturation in three parts of Korla pear.

Key words: Korla pear, fruit development, sugar metabolism, respiratory metabolism, metabolic profiles

潘俨，孟新涛，车凤斌，薛素琳，张婷，赵世荣，廖康. 库尔勒香梨果实发育成熟的糖代谢和呼吸代谢响应特征[J]. 中国农业科学, 2016, 49(17): 3391-3412.

PAN Yan, MENG Xin-tao, CHE Feng-bin, XUE Su-lin, ZHANG Ting, ZHAO Shi-rong, LIAO Kang. Metabolic Profiles of Sugar Metabolism and Respiratory Metabolism of Korla Pear (Pyrus sinkiangensis Yu) Throughout Fruit Development and Ripening[J]. Scientia Agricultura Sinica, 2016, 49(17): 3391-3412.

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