自发气调包装对库尔勒香梨采后生理及贮藏品质的影响

doi:10.3864/j.issn.0578-1752.2016.24.010

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 【目的】研究不同材料、不同厚度的保鲜袋自发气调包装对库尔勒香梨（Pyrus sinkiangensis Yü ‘Korla Xiangli’）采后生理和贮藏品质的影响，为生产应用提供技术参考。【方法】分别将商业成熟的库尔勒香梨采用0.04 mm PE袋、0.05 mm PE袋和0.04 mm PVC袋扎口处理形成自发气调环境，于温度（0±0.3）℃、相对湿度90%—95%条件下贮藏，并以0.02 mm PE袋不扎口为对照。定期监测不同包装袋内O₂、CO₂和乙烯浓度，在库尔勒香梨商业销售高峰期（冷藏180 d和240 d）测定各处理果实L值、h值、叶绿素荧光参数、相对电导率、丙二醛、乙醇、乙醛、果实硬度、可溶性固形物、可滴定酸、抗坏血酸等理化指标，并计算贮藏不同时期各处理失重率、果柄保鲜指数、果心褐变指数和感官分值等。【结果】采用扎口处理的不同厚度保鲜袋内气体成分在第30天时达到平衡，气调能力水平由高到低依次为0.05 mm PE袋＞0.04 mm PE袋＞0.04 mm PVC袋＞0.02 mm PE袋。两年试验筛选出库尔勒香梨适合自发气调包装袋为0.04 mm PE袋和0.04 mm PVC袋，各项指标测定结果表明，采用上述包装进行自发气调处理能够降低失重率，减缓果皮L值、相对电导率、丙二醛、乙醇、乙醛和果心褐变指数的升高，抑制果皮h值、Fm、Fv和Fv/Fm的下降，提高果柄保鲜指数，对果实硬度、可溶性固形物、可滴定酸和抗坏血酸等品质具有一定的维持效果。冷藏180 d时，扎口处理的库尔勒香梨果皮L值、h值与对照之间差异显著（P＜0.05），对果柄保鲜指数、果心褐变指数和失重率的影响未达到显著水平（P＞0.05），但冷藏至240 d时，上述指标在不同包装处理与对照间差异均达显著水平（P＜0.05）。0.04 mm PE袋和0.04 mm PVC袋扎口处理均维持了库尔勒香梨感官分值，而0.05 mm PE袋扎口处理显著降低了果实感官分值，加重了果心褐变。【结论】库尔勒香梨采用0.04 mm PE袋或0.04 mm PVC袋扎口自发气调包装，袋内O₂和CO₂浓度起主要作用，维持在O₂：14.5%—17.0%，CO₂：2.5%—3.0%时，起到较好的保鲜效果，乙烯浓度对其保鲜效果影响较小。

关键词: 库尔勒香梨, 自发气调, 采后生理, 贮藏品质, 保绿

Abstract: 【Objective】 The objective of this study is to optimize packaging bags and provide a scientific foundation for exploring a simple and efficient new preservation technology of ‘Korla Xiangli’ pears during storage by studying the effect of modified atmosphere packaging on postharvest physiology and quality. 【Method】 Storage experiments were performed with commercially mature ‘Korla Xiangli’ pears using four packaging bags, including 0.02 mm thickness PE film bags, 0.04 mm thickness PE film bags, 0.05 mm thickness PE film bags and 0.04 mm thickness PVC film bags. The bags were sealed after the fruits were put into the bags. Theses fruits were stored under the conditions of temperature at (0±0.3)℃ and relative humidity at (RH) 90%-95%. The fruits of unsealed treatment were used as the control. The concentrations of O₂, CO₂ and ethylene in different packaging bags were monitored regularly. In business sales peak of ‘Korla Xiangli’ pears (refrigerated 180 d and 240 d), the changes of L and h values and chlorophyll fluorescence parameters of peel, relative electrical conductivity, malondialdehyde, ethanol, aldehyde, fruit firmness, total soluble solids, titratable acid, ascorbic acid and other physical and chemical indicators were determined, and the weight loss ratio, stalk preservation index, core browning index and sensory scores in different periods of storage were calculated. 【Result】The concentrations of O₂and CO₂ in sealed bags reached equilibrium on the 30th day. The ability level of gas adjustment was 0.05 mm thickness PE film bags, 0.04 mm thickness PE film bags, 0.04 mm thickness PVC film bags and 0.02 mm thickness PE film bags from high to low in turn. The 0.04 mm thickness PVC film bags and 0.04 mm thickness PE film bags were optimum modified atmosphere packaging bags for ‘Korla Xiangli’ pears by two years tests. The results of indicators showed that the adopted packaging bags reduced weight loss ratio, slowed down the rise of L value of peel, relative electrical conductivity, malondialdehyde, ethanol, aldehyde, and core browning index, restrained h value, Fm and Fv and Fv/Fm of peel, improved stalk preservation index, fruit firmness, total soluble solids, titratable acid and ascorbic acid had a good effect of maintaining quality. On the 180 d, the L value, h value were significantly different between treatment and control groups (P＜0.05), and the stalk preservation index, core browning index and weight loss ratio were not significantly different (P>0.05), but in the late storage (240 d), the above indexes were significantly different between treatment and control groups (P＜0.05). The 0.04 mm thickness PE film bags and 0.04 mm thickness PVC film bags maintained sensory score of ‘Korla Xiangli’ pears, but the sensory scores of 0.05 mm thickness PE film bags were lowered significantly, and core browning was increased. 【Conclusion】‘Korla Xiangli’ pears more embodied in the storage period by using 0.04 mm thickness PE film bags and 0.04 mm thickness PVC film bags for modified atmosphere packaging, and the O₂ and CO₂ concentrations in bags played a main role, and when maintained O₂ at 14.5% to 17.0% and CO₂ at 2.5% to 3.0% had a good preservation effect. Ethylene concentration showed less effect on the preservation of ‘Korla Xiangli’ pear.

Key words: ‘Korla Xiangli&rsquo, pear, modified atmosphere packaging, postharvest physiology, quality maintenance, green keeping

贾晓辉，王文辉，佟伟，杜艳民，王志华，姜修成. 自发气调包装对库尔勒香梨采后生理及贮藏品质的影响[J]. 中国农业科学, 2016, 49(24): 4785-4796.

JIA Xiao-hui, WANG Wen-hui, TONG Wei, DU Yan-min, WANG Zhi-hua, JIANG Xiu-cheng . Effect of Modified Atmosphere Packaging on Postharvest Physiology and Quality of ‘Korla Xiangli’ Pears During Storage[J]. Scientia Agricultura Sinica, 2016, 49(24): 4785-4796.

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