鸭坦布苏病毒病灭活疫苗（HB株）母源抗体的消长规律

doi:10.3864/j.issn.0578-1752.2016.14.018

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 【目的】评价鸭坦布苏病毒病灭活疫苗母源抗体的效力，制定疫苗的最小免疫日龄。【方法】随机采集鸭坦布苏病毒病灭活疫苗（HB株）二免后135日樱桃谷种鸭的种蛋孵化，随机取5、7、10和15日龄免疫种鸭后裔雏鸭10只和相对应日龄非免疫种鸭后裔雏鸭5只，采血，分离血清，测定母源抗体，并以0.1mL/羽（含100DID₅₀）的剂量经腿部肌肉攻毒。观察雏鸭攻毒后的临床表现（采食量、粪便、精神和死亡情况），观察至攻毒后10d。攻毒后2d经颈静脉采血，分离血清进行病毒分离。每份血清接种5枚6日龄SPF鸡胚，0.1mL/枚，37℃孵化，24h以内死亡鸡胚视为非特异死亡，孵化至168h。只要有1枚及以上鸡胚死亡则判该鸭感染。计算母源抗体雏鸭组的攻毒保护率和无母源抗体组的发病率。攻毒后5d，分别称量雏鸭的体重，计算平均日增重。对成对样本进行T检验，分析母源抗体对雏鸭增重的影响。通过试验鸭中和抗体、增重变化和病毒分离的方法评价母源抗体的效力。【结果】（1）1日龄雏鸭的母源抗体阳性率最高，1、5、7、10和15日龄雏鸭的母源抗体阳性率分别为56.1%（37/66）、40%（4/10）、50%（5/10）、30%（3/10）和0%（0/10），5—7日龄抗体阳性率处于平台期，15日龄时母源抗体降低至全阴性；（2）攻毒后对照鸭表现精神沉郁（20/20）、仰翻和侧翻等神经症状（6/20）及死亡（2/20），有母源抗体的雏鸭临床症状明显轻于对照组。（3）5、7、10和15日龄免疫种蛋孵化雏鸭攻毒后5d平均增重115.5、142.8、177.8和162.2g。5、7、10和15日龄非免疫种蛋孵化雏鸭攻毒后5d平均增重54.5、91.0、165.0和118.8g。（4）5、7、10和15日龄免疫种蛋孵化雏鸭的攻毒保护率分别为50%（5/10）、60%（6/10）、20%（2/10）和0%（0/10）； 5、7、10和15日龄非免疫种蛋孵化雏鸭的发病率均为100%。（5）5和7日龄雏鸭平均增重和攻毒保护率最高，分别为50%（5/10）和60%（6/10），10和15日龄雏鸭的母源抗体尽管低（20%和0%）或阴性，仍然有明显的保护作用。【结论】（1）鸭坦布苏病毒病灭活疫苗母源抗体能够保护10日龄内雏鸭；（2）疫苗首次免疫的时间以7—10日龄为最佳。

关键词: 鸭, 坦布苏病毒, 母源抗体

Abstract: 【Objective】The objective of this study is to evaluate the efficacy of maternal antibodies induced by Duck Tembusu Virus Disease Inactivated Vaccine and to determine the age of optimal initial immunity.【Method】Fertilized eggs were collected at random from the Cherry Valley Duck farm which was 135 days post-vaccination with Duck Tembusu Virus Disease Inactivated Vaccine (HB strain), ten progeny ducklings from the immunized breed ducks and 5 progeny ducklings from non-immunized breed ducks were randomly selected when they were 5 ,7 ,10, and 15 days old. Serum samples were collected from all ducks for the detection of maternal antibody, then the ducks were challenged with Duck Tembusu virus (HB strain) at 0.1ml（100DID₅₀）/duck intramuscularly. Clinical symptoms of the challenged ducks were observed within 10 days, such as food intake, feces, abnormal clinical sighs and death. Serum samples were collected from all ducks for virus isolation via jugular vein on 2 days post inoculation (DPI). Each serum sample was inoculated into five 6-day-old SPF chicken embryos at the inoculum of 0.1 ml per embryo. Then they were hatched at 37℃ for 168h. The chicken embryos died within 24h were discarded. If more than one (including one) death chicken embryos were obsearved, then it was concluded that virus isolation was positive. The rate of protection of ducklings with maternal antibody and the morbidity of ducklings without maternal antibody were calculated. On 5 dpi, all ducklings were weighed respectively, and the average daily gain was calculated. The effect of maternal antibody on the weight gain of ducklings were analyzed by T test for paired samples. The efficacy of maternal antibodies was evaluated by neutralizing antibody titer, body weight changes and virus isolation.【Result】 (1) The number of positive maternal antibody titers peaked in 1 day old ducklings was 56.1%（37/66）, then fell to 40% (4/10) in ducklings on day 5, 50% (5/10) on day 7, 30% (3/10) on day 10, and 0% (0/10) on day 15. (2) On viral challenge, the control group showed signs of depression (20/20), neurologic disturbances (6/20) and death (2/20). Ducklings with positive maternal antibody titers showed mild depression. (3) On 5 dpi, the average daily gain of 5-, 7-, 10- and 15-day old ducklings with maternal antibody were 115.5, 142.8, 177.8 and 162.2g, respectively, and that of the ducklings without maternal antibody were 54.5, 91, 165 and 118.8g, respectively. (4) The rate of protection against challenge with DTMUV of 5-, 7-, 10- and 15-day old ducklings with maternal antibody were 50%(5/10), 60%(6/10), 20%(2/10) and 0%(0/10), respectively. The morbidity of 5-, 7-, 10- and 15-day old ducklings without maternal antibody were all 100%. (5) The average weight gain and efficacy reached a peak in 5-day old and 7-day old ducklings, which were 50% (5/10) and 60% (6/10), respectively. Although the maternal antibodies decreased between 10 days old and 15 days old ducklings (20% and 0%), it still has protective effect compared with the control group. 【Conclusion】(1) Duck Tembusu Virus Disease killed vaccine maternal antibodies, so it play an important role in the protection of 10-day-old ducklings against virus infection; (2) Vaccination age is optimized between 7 to 10 days of age.

Key words: ducks, Tembusu virus, maternal antibody

韩春华，赵际成，段会娟，林健，杨志远，谢佳，潘洁，王小蕾，刘立新，刘月焕. 鸭坦布苏病毒病灭活疫苗（HB株）母源抗体的消长规律[J]. 中国农业科学, 2016, 49(14): 2837-2843.

HAN Chun-hua, ZHAO Ji-cheng, DUAN Hui-juan, LIN Jian,YANG Zhi-yuan, XIE Jia, PAN Jie, WANG Xiao-lei, LIU Li-xin, LIU Yue-huan. Dynamic Study on Maternal Antibody of Duck Tembusu Virus Disease Inactivated Vaccine (HB Strain)[J]. Scientia Agricultura Sinica, 2016, 49(14): 2837-2843.

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