局部恢复水氮供应对玉米根系氮素吸收与分配的影响

doi:10.3864/j.issn.0578-1752.2016.14.008

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 【目的】水分或养分胁迫后恢复供应能显著提高根系吸收能力，且局部水分或氮素供应可以有效刺激供应区根系吸收的补偿效应，进一步揭示水氮双重胁迫后局部恢复供应条件下影响根系氮素吸收能力的因素以及玉米各器官氮素分配状况有重要意义。【方法】采用分根技术，水培模拟局部根区水氮同时恢复供应，其中以聚乙二醇6000（PEG 6000）模拟营养液的渗透势，并用相应的供氮水平模拟氮素胁迫。试验设置4个水氮双重胁迫（也即4个局部恢复供应）处理：正常供应水氮、轻度水氮胁迫、中度水氮胁迫和重度水氮胁迫。双重胁迫6 d后一半根区恢复正常供应，于处理后0、1、3、5、7、9 d连续动态监测各根区根系氮素吸收速率、含氮量以及氮素累积量。【结果】水氮双重胁迫后局部恢复供应，持续胁迫区根系吸收速率、含氮量以及氮素累积量均显著小于恢复供应区（P＜0.05）。1—3 d时，轻度和中度胁迫处理持续胁迫区根系氮素吸收速率比恢复供应区分别减小38.2%和48.7%；7—9 d时分别减小84.9%和86.4%。对于恢复供应区，局部水氮同时恢复供应1 d内，根系氮素吸收速率较前期胁迫明显增大，且在0—1 d和7—9 d时，经中度及其以下胁迫程度时，根系氮素吸收速率显著大于对照（P＜0.05），产生根系氮素吸收能力的补偿效应，但3—7 d 时消失。而且，恢复供应区根系含氮量和氮素累积量分别于1 d和5 d后恢复到对照水平，导致植株氮素生产效率最终与对照无显著差异。另外，各处理地上部氮素来自¹⁵N肥料的分配比例显著小于对照（P＜0.05），且随胁迫程度而逐渐减小，恢复供应区根系则有相反的规律，持续胁迫区根系表现为，轻度胁迫与对照无明显差异（P＞0.05），中度和重度胁迫显著大于对照和轻度胁迫（P＜0.05），且3—9 d时，中度和重度胁迫间无明显差异（P＞0.05）。【结论】前期中度以下程度（水分−0.4 MPa+氮素1 mmol·L^-1）的水氮双重胁迫后局部恢复供应，恢复供应区根系氮素吸收速率在时间和空间上均可得到恢复，产生根系氮素吸收的部分补偿效应，但这种补偿效应与恢复供应的时间有关（轻度胁迫为1 d，中度胁迫为7 d）；玉米各器官氮素分配比例与胁迫程度和局部恢复供应时间有关。该研究可为调节植物与土壤环境的相互作用，充分挖掘植物自身对环境变化的适应潜力提供理论依据。

关键词: 局部恢复水氮供应, 胁迫程度, 局部恢复供应时间, 根系氮素吸收速率, 补偿效应, 玉米

Abstract: 【Objective】Water and nitrogen (N) resupplies can significantly enhance root absorbing capacity. Partial water and N supplies can stimulate the compensation effect of root absorbing capacity at the non-stressed sub-root zone. The objective of this study is to identify the dynamics and influencing factors of the compensation effect of maize roots (Zea mays L. hybrid cv. Aoyu No. 3007) N absorbing capacity under partial resupply after previous water and N stresses.【Method】With the split-root technology, a hydroponic experiment was conducted to analyze the root zone water and N stresses, where the water stress was stimulated by the osmotic potential of a nutrient solution (PEG 6000) and N stress was stimulated by different N levels. There were three water and N stress levels, i.e., mild, moderate, severe water and N stresses and a control treatment (CK, both sides of the root zone supplied with sufficient water and N). The root N inflow rate, N content and accumulation of each root zone were measured at 0, 1, 3, 5, 7 and 9 d of resupplying water and N in half of root-zone 6 d after water and N stresses.【Result】Compared with non-stressed sub-root, the root N inflow rate, N content and accumulation in stressed sub-root were significantly decreased under partial resupply after water and N stresses. During 1-3 days after treatment (DAT), the root N inflow rate in stressed sub-root reduced by 38.2% and 48.7%, respectively, and was 84.9% and 86.4% lower than that in non-stressed sub-root. For non-stressed sub-root, partial water and N resupplies significantly enhanced the root N inflow rate compared with previous water and N stresses during 0-1 DAT. When water and N stresses did not exceed moderate stress level, partial water and N resupplies significantly increased root N inflow rate compared with control treatment during 0-1 and 7-9 DAT. However, during 3-7 DAT, the root N inflow rate was similar to or lowers than control treatment. The root N content and accumulation in mild and moderate stress treatments returned to control level at 1 and 5 DAT, respectively, which resulted in similar plant N use efficiency to control treatment. Moreover, partial water and N resupplies significantly increased the percentage of ¹⁵N-fertilizer-N allocation in shoot compared with control treatment, and the increment reduced with the severity of water and N stresses. For non-stressed sub-root, the percentage of ¹⁵N-fertilizer-N allocation showed a reverse trend. For mild stress treatment, the percentage of ¹⁵N-fertilizer-N allocation of stressed sub-root had no significant difference compared with that of control treatment. The percentage of ¹⁵N-fertilizer-N allocation of stressed sub-root at moderate and severe stress treatments was significantly higher than that of control treatment, at 3-9 DAT, although there was no significant difference between moderate and severe stress treatments.【Conclusion】When previous water and N stresses did not exceed moderate stress level, the compensation effect of root N absorbing capacity in the non-stressed sub-root can be effectively stimulated by partial water and N resupplies. The compensation effect was affected by the severity and duration of the water and N stresses. Percentage of ¹⁵N-fertilizer-N allocation in different organs is closely related to the severity and duration of the water an N stresses. Thus, the above conclusion provides theoretical supports for regulating the interaction between plants and soil environment and making use of the potential plant response to soil water and nutrient stresses.

Key words: partial water and nitrogen resupplies, stress severity, duration of partial resupply, root N inflow rate, root compensatory effect, maize

牛晓丽，胡田田，张富仓，王丽，刘杰，冯璞玉，杨硕欢，宋雪. 局部恢复水氮供应对玉米根系氮素吸收与分配的影响[J]. 中国农业科学, 2016, 49(14): 2737-2750.

NIU Xiao-li, HU Tian-tian, ZHANG Fu-cang, WANG Li, LIU Jie, FENG Pu-yu, YANG Shuo-huan, SONG Xue. Effects of Partial Water and Nitrogen Resupplies on Maize Root Nitrogen Absorbing Capacity and Distribution[J]. Scientia Agricultura Sinica, 2016, 49(14): 2737-2750.

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