小麦粒重基因TaGW2-6A编码区等位变异与抗旱性的关系

doi:10.3864/j.issn.0578-1752.2015.21.002

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 【目的】小麦籽粒大小及其在水、旱两种生态环境下的稳定性直接影响小麦的产量，研究小麦粒重与抗旱性的关系对品种高产稳产具有重要意义。探究粒重相关基因不同等位变异的抗旱性，进而确定抗旱高产的优异等位变异基因型，为利用该基因型进行小麦抗旱高产品种分子标记辅助选择及性状的遗传改良提供理论依据。【方法】以小麦粒重基因TaGW2-6A编码区不同等位变异的中国春和兰考大粒（977 bp多一个“T”碱基插入）为亲本构建的含有325个株系的RIL群体为研究材料，依据序列“T”碱基插入设计引物，利用高分辨率熔解曲线分析技术（high resolution melting curve，HRM）鉴定RIL群体中TaGW2-6A编码区不同等位变异基因型，并对其PCR产物进行测序分析。在水、旱两种生态环境下，测定小麦开花期、灌浆中期和乳熟期的叶绿素荧光参数、茎秆可溶性糖含量、抗旱指数等与抗旱紧密相关的指标，考察粒长、粒宽、千粒重等粒重相关性状，并研究这些抗旱相关指标及粒重相关性状与小麦粒重基因TaGW2-6A编码区不同等位变异基因型之间的相关性。【结果】高分辨率熔解曲线分析技术可以准确地将小麦RIL群体按TaGW2-6A编码区不同等位变异分为兰考大粒基因型（TT）、中国春基因型（tt）以及杂合基因型（Tt），且PCR产物测序结果显示高分辨率熔解曲线的差异是由“T”碱基插入引起的。水、旱两种生态环境下，RIL群体中TT、Tt基因型材料与tt基因型材料相比，粒长、粒宽、千粒重等粒重相关性状以及叶绿素荧光参数、茎秆可溶性糖相关性状、抗旱指数等抗旱相关指标的差异普遍达到显著或极显著水平。旱胁迫下，小麦RIL群体不同基因型材料的粒长、粒宽、千粒重等粒重相关性状、叶绿素荧光参数除初始荧光Fo外均有所降低，而茎秆可溶性糖含量则有所增加。但TT、Tt基因型材料的粒长、粒宽、千粒重及叶绿素荧光参数的下降幅度普遍比tt基因型材料小，而茎秆可溶性糖的增加幅度比tt基因型材料大。旱胁迫下，tt基因型的茎秆可溶性糖积累效率（accumulation efficiency of stem soluble sugar content，AESSC）和转运效率（remobilization efficiency of stem soluble sugar content，RESSC）有所降低，而TT、Tt基因型的茎秆可溶性糖积累效率和转运效率则有所提高。【结论】小麦粒重基因TaGW2-6A编码区“T”碱基插入等位变异是大粒的优异等位变异，与此同时，该等位变异也是抗旱的优异等位变异，且抗旱能力与晋麦47相近。

关键词: 普通小麦, RIL群体, TaGW2-6A等位变异, 粒重基因, 抗旱性

Abstract: 【Objective】 Drought is one of the most significant factors that restrict wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) growth and reduce productivity. The kernel size and its stability affect the yield of wheat in different rainfall locations. The research of grain weight and the relationship between the drought resistance has a vital significance to high and stable yield. The aim of this study is to gain further insight into the drought resistance of different allelic variations of kernel weight related gene, determine the allelic gene variant genotype with strong drought resistance and high yield ability, making for marker-assisted selection of drought resistance and high yield varieties and provide a theoretical basis for genetic improvement. 【Method】 An allelic variation with single T-base insertion at 977 bp of TaGW2-6A was detected in Lankaodali with large kernel, designated as TaGW2-6A-T (TT genotype), but was not found in Chinese Spring (tt genotype). According to the sequence of “T” insert, primers were designed to detect the coding regions allelic variations of TaGW2-6A by High Resolution Melting Curve (HRM) analysis technique, and the sequence of PCR products were analyzed. To gain further insight into the role of allelic variations of TaGW2 in drought tolerance, various physiological parameters related to stress response and kernel weight related traits including the chlorophyll fluorescence kinetics parameters, stem soluble sugar content, drought resistance index and kernel weight related traits of 325 recombinant inbred lines (RILs) derived from a cross between Chinese Spring and Lankaodali were analyzed under different water conditions at flowering, filling and milk stages.【Result】 Results showed that it was accurate to detect the wheat coding regions allelic variations of TaGW2-6A by HRM analysis technique, and classified as Lankaodali genotype (TT), Chinese Spring genotype (tt) and heterozygous genotype (Tt). The PCR product sequencing results showed that the solubility curve difference was caused by the “T” base insert. Compared to tt genotype, the kernel length, kernel width and kernel weight of TT/Tt genotype increased significantly. The chlorophyll fluorescence kinetics parameters, drought resistance index and stem soluble sugar content of the two genotypes were significantly or extremely significantly different (P＜0.05 or P＜0.01). The chlorophyll fluorescence kinetics parameters of RILs and their parents reduced, except the initial fluorescence Fo, while the stem soluble sugar content increased under drought stress. The variability of chlorophyll fluorescence parameters of RILs with TT/Tt genotype was smaller than that of RILs with tt genotype. While stem soluble sugar content of RIL with TT genotype was higher than that of RILs with tt genotype in Yangling and Qianxian. The accumulation efficiency and remobilization efficiency of stem soluble sugar content increased with TT/Tt genotype, while decreased with tt genotype. In addition, TT genotype plays an important role to the chlorophyll fluorescence parameters, the stem soluble sugar content and kernel weight. The study revealed that, compared with the RILs with tt genotype, the photosynthetic institutions of RILs with TT genotype damaged smaller, and accumulated more osmotic regulation substances to ensure the grain filling when suffering drought stress. 【Conclusion】 TaGW2-6A variation (TT genotype) was better able to prevent reducing production in different locations with strong drought resistance and stable yield ability than wild-type (tt) plants, and the ability of drought resistance is close to Jinmai 47.

Key words: common wheat, RIL population, TaGW2-6A allelic variation, kernel weight related gene, drought tolerance

李扬，李立群，高欣，杨璐，寇程，吕千，刘天红，杜登峰，李学军. 小麦粒重基因TaGW2-6A编码区等位变异与抗旱性的关系[J]. 中国农业科学, 2015, 48(21): 4209-4218.

LI Yang, LI Li-qun, GAO Xin, YANG Lu, KOU Cheng, Lü Qian, LIU Tian-hong, DU Deng-feng, LI Xue-jun. The Coding Regions Allelic Variations of TaGW2-6A and the Relationship Between the Allele and Drought Tolerance of Wheat (Triticum aestivum L.)[J]. Scientia Agricultura Sinica, 2015, 48(21): 4209-4218.

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