中国40个小麦农家品种和甘肃南部40个生产品种抗条锈病基因推导

doi:10.3864/j.issn.0578-1752.2015.19.006

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 【目的】明确中国小麦农家品种与甘肃南部生产品种抗条锈性类型及可能含有的抗性基因和遗传多样性，为抗源的选择与利用提供参考。【方法】苗期于自控温室内使用中国当前小麦条锈菌（Puccinia striiformis f. sp. tritici）流行小种CYR32，成株期于大田病圃使用当前主要流行小种和重要致病类型共12个菌系组成的混合菌种对80个供试材料进行抗病性鉴定与评价。基因推导在温室用25个毒性谱不同的小麦条锈菌系于苗期接种30个已知抗条锈病基因载体品系及对照铭贤169、17个国际鉴别寄主和供试品种，根据供试品种和标准品系对不同菌系的侵染型，对农家品种和生产品种进行抗性谱比对分析和系谱分析，解析其可能含有的抗条锈病基因或基因组合及抗性谱，并通过NTSYSpc-2.2软件计算遗传相似系数，以UPGMA法进行聚类分析，将其抗性归类。【结果】供试品种大多具有良好的成株期抗性，除清农1号、清农2号、红壳小麦(2)在成株期表现感病，兰天3号、兰天4号、兰天6号等20个品种在成株期表现慢锈性外，其他品种均表现中抗至免疫的抗性水平。品种抗性多由全生育期抗性、部分由成株抗性提供。甘肃生产品种中抗病基因以Yr9、Yr24、Yr26为主，有的还含有其他未知抗条锈病基因。其中，兰天1号、兰天14号、兰天17号、兰天21号、清农4号等含Yr9；兰天24号、中梁04335、天选51号可能含Yr24；兰天17号、兰天23号、兰天25号、中梁17号、中梁04260、天选43号、天选48号可能含Yr26。农家品种中有19份材料含有未知抗条锈病基因，其余21份材料不能确认含已知抗病基因Yr1、Yr2、Yr4、Yr6、Yr7、Yr8、Yr40，可能含有未知基因。聚类分析发现，甘肃生产品种大都抗性谱较宽，遗传相似性较高；40份材料的抗条锈性相似系数范围在0.30—1.00，在抗性相似系数为0.70水平上可分为3大类，其中兰天15号单独聚为1类，清农1号和清农2号聚为1类，其余37份材料聚为1大类。农家品种抗性谱宽窄不一，显示出遗传多样性水平较高；40份材料的抗条锈性相似系数范围在0.38—1.00，在抗性相似系数为0.70水平上可分9大类。【结论】供试品种均有良好的抗条锈性，相对于甘肃南部生产品种，供试的农家品种更具丰富的遗传多样性和有效抗条锈病基因，可作为抗源在育种中加以利用。

关键词: 小麦条锈病, 普通小麦, 农家品种, 甘肃生产品种, 抗病基因, 推导分析

Abstract: 【Objective】 The objective of this study is to determine the types of stripe rust resistance, the potential resistance genes and the genetic diversity in Chinese 40 wheat landraces and 40 commercial cultivars grown in Gansu Province, that will provide reference information for the selection and utilization of stripe rust resistance resources. 【Method】 For stripe rust resistance identification of 80 wheat accessions, the prevalent race CYR32 of Puccinia striiformis f. sp. tritici and 12 mixed races including prevalent races and important pathogenic isolates were used for inoculation at the seedling stage in greenhouse and adult-plant stage in nursery field, respectively. Thirty wheat lines with known resistance genes, 17 international and European stripe rust differential varieties, 80 landraces and commercial cultivars and susceptible control Mingxian 169 were inoculated with 25 races of different virulences of P. striiformis at the seedling stage in greenhouse. Besides the comparison of resistance spectrum to stripe rust and pedigree of these wheat cultivars, the tested cultivars and standard cultivars were compared to postulate the possible resistance genes or their combinations contained in the landraces and commercial wheat cultivars according to their infection types to different races. For genetically classifying the cultivars using their pedigree information, the genetic similarity coefficient was calculated by software NTSYSpc-2.2, and a distance tree was constructed using UPGMA (unweighted pair-group mean average). 【Result】 Most of the tested cultivars showed a high level of stripe rust resistance at adult-plant stage, except that Qingnong 1, Qingnong 2 and Hongkexiaomai 2 were susceptible. Twenty cultivars such as Lantian 3, Lantian 4 and Lantian 6 exhibited slow rusting resistance, and the other cultivars ranged in resistance from moderate level to immunity. The resistance phynotype of the tested cultivars was mainly provided by all-stage resistance and partly by adult-plant resistance. Most commercial cultivars from Gansu Province contain Yr9, Yr24 and/or Yr26, and some of them also contain other unknown genes. For instance, Yr9 was postulated to be present in cultivars Lantian 1, Lantian 14, Lantian 17, Lantian 21, Qingnong 4; Yr24 in cultivars Lantian 24, Zhongliang 04335 and Tianxuan 51; and Yr26 in cultivars Lantian 17, Lantian 23, Lantian 25, Zhongliang 17, Zhongliang 04260 and Tianxuan 43, Tianxuan 48. Among the landraces, 19 of them were found to carry unknown resistance gene(s) alone and the other landraces may contain Yr1, Yr2, Yr4, Yr6, Yr7, Yr8 and/or Yr40. Results of the cluster analysis also indicated that the commercial wheat cultivars possessed higher levels of genetic similarity and had wider resistance spectra than the landraces. The similar coefficient of resistance types among the 40 commercial wheat cultivars varied from 0.30 to 1.00. They were classified into 3 groups when the similar coefficient value was 0.70: one group included Lantian 15 alone; the other group included Qingnong 1 and Qingnong 2; and the third one included 37 cultivars. But the range of resistance spectrum was different among the landraces, which possess a higher level of genetic diversity. The similar coefficient of resistance types was from 0.38 to 1.00, and the 40 cultivars were classified into 9 groups when the similar coefficient value was 0.70. 【Conclusion】All tested wheat cultivars showed a higher level of stripe rust resistance. Compared to the commercial wheat cultivars in Gansu, landraces possessed abundant genetic diversity and more effective stripe rust resistance gene(s), so they can be used as stripe rust resistance resources in wheat breeding programs.

Key words: wheat stripe rust, common wheat, landrace, commercial cultivars in Gansu Province, resistance gene, gene postulation

王吐虹，郭青云，蔺瑞明，姚强，冯晶,王凤涛，陈万权，徐世昌. 中国40个小麦农家品种和甘肃南部40个生产品种抗条锈病基因推导[J]. 中国农业科学, 2015, 48(19): 3834-3847.

WANG Tu-hong, GUO Qing-yun, LIN Rui-ming, YAO Qiang, FENG Jing, WANG Feng-tao, CHEN Wan-quan, XU Shi-chang. Postulation of Stripe Rust Resistance Genes in Chinese 40 Wheat Landraces and 40 Commercial Cultivars in the Southern Region of Gansu Province[J]. Scientia Agricultura Sinica, 2015, 48(19): 3834-3847.

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