中国农业科学 ›› 2019, Vol. 52 ›› Issue (21): 3819-3827.doi: 10.3864/j.issn.0578-1752.2019.21.010

• 植物保护 • 上一篇    下一篇

性信息素诱捕斜纹夜蛾雄蛾发育日龄结构的研究

陈庆华1,曾娟2,杨玲3,贾勇4,李庆5,封传红6,陈晓娟1,胡容平1()   

  1. 1 四川省农业科学院植物保护研究所/农业农村部西南作物有害生物综合治理重点实验室,成都 610066
    2 全国农业技术推广服务中心,北京 100125
    3 农业农村部农产品质量安全中心,北京 100120
    4 资阳市植保植检站,四川资阳 641300
    5 四川农业大学农学院,成都 611134
    6 四川省农业厅植物保护站,成都 610041
  • 收稿日期:2019-05-20 接受日期:2019-06-25 出版日期:2019-11-01 发布日期:2019-11-12
  • 通讯作者: 胡容平
  • 作者简介:陈庆华,E-mail: 710478145@qq.com|曾娟,E-mail: zengjuan@agri.gov.cn。陈庆华和曾娟为同等贡献作者。
  • 基金资助:
    国家公益性行业(农业科研专项201203036);中央引导地方科技发展专项(2019ZYD099)

The Structure of Day-Age of Male Spodoptera litura Moths by Sex Pheromone Trapping in the Field

CHEN QingHua1,ZENG Juan2,YANG Ling3,JIA Yong4,LI Qing5,FENG ChuanHong6,CHEN XiaoJuan1,HU RongPing1()   

  1. 1 Institute of Plant Protection, Sichuan Academy of Agricultural Sciences/Key Laboratory of Integrated Pest Management on Crops in Southwest, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Chengdu 610066
    2 National Agro-Technical Extension and Service Centre, Beijing 100125
    3 Center for Agro-Food Quality and Safety, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Beijing 100120
    4 Plant Protection and Plant Quarantine Station of Ziyang City, Ziyang 641300, Sichuan
    5 College of Agronomy, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611134
    6 Plant Protection Station of Sichuan Province, Chengdu 610041
  • Received:2019-05-20 Accepted:2019-06-25 Online:2019-11-01 Published:2019-11-12
  • Contact: RongPing HU

摘要:

目的 判断性信息素诱捕雄蛾发育状况对于客观评价群集诱杀技术的效果具有重要意义。本文通过斜纹夜蛾(Spodoptera litura)内生殖系统形态与发育日龄的研究,判断田间诱捕雄蛾的发育情况和虫源性质,为应用性信息素诱杀技术防控斜纹夜蛾提供理论依据。方法 2014—2015年,利用昆虫解剖镜对室内羽化1—10日龄斜纹夜蛾雄蛾进行解剖测量,形成依据精巢长半轴判断雄蛾日龄的发育标准;2015—2017年,对四川省眉山市东坡区、四川省成都市金堂县田间利用性信息素诱捕到的斜纹夜蛾进行逐日收集并解剖测定,进而依据该标准划分田间逐日性诱的雄蛾日龄结构,分析诱捕雄蛾对自然交配的影响。结果 斜纹夜蛾雄蛾内生殖系统由精巢、输精管、贮精囊、射精管、附腺组成,精巢结构稳定,具有一定弹性,易测量。随着日龄增长,精巢长半轴数值呈减小趋势,1日龄精巢长半轴均值为1 103.54 μm,10日龄雄蛾精巢长半轴比1日龄长半轴减少44.71%,精巢长半轴(y)与日龄(x)关系式为:y=-48.52x+1084(R 2=0.9472,RMSE=36.8)。1—5日龄组、6—8日龄组、9—10日龄组之间精巢长半轴长度差异显著。根据实验室饲养羽化斜纹夜蛾1—10日龄的精巢长半轴长度与羽化日龄间的数据关系,制定出精巢长半轴判别雄蛾日龄标准表,用于检测田间信息素诱捕雄蛾日龄组成。2015—2017年金堂县和2017年东坡区田间诱捕的雄蛾日龄结构趋势一致,日龄越大,该日龄雄蛾占总诱捕数的百分数越低。金堂县田间诱捕斜纹夜蛾雄蛾1日龄平均百分比为39.89%,2日龄为21.42%,3日龄为15.75%,1—3日龄雄蛾共计占总诱捕数72.22%—79.02%,5—10日龄占比均在10%以下;2017年东坡区田间诱捕斜纹夜蛾雄蛾中1日龄百分比为39.93%,2日龄为20.79%,3日龄为19.54%,1—3日龄雄蛾共计占总诱捕雄蛾数的80.26%,5日龄以后占比较小。各日龄雄蛾平均百分数与日龄数呈指数函数关系下降。根据逐日诱捕雄蛾数量动态,4月末至8月末,金堂县和东坡区斜纹夜蛾均发生3代,第1代、第2代诱捕的雄蛾数以1—3日龄青年蛾为主,金堂青年蛾与老年蛾比为3.32、1.54,东坡区青年蛾与老年蛾比为3.34、1.58;随着虫量增加,第3代东坡区以老龄蛾数量占优势,两者比为0.76,低于金堂的2.34。 结论 斜纹夜蛾雄蛾精巢大小能够反映雄蛾日龄,通过检测田间性诱雄蛾日龄的结果表明,利用性信息素捕获的雄蛾以1—3日龄青年雄蛾为主,有利于降低田间成虫交配率。

关键词: 斜纹夜蛾, 雄蛾, 内生殖系统, 日龄, 性信息素诱捕

Abstract:

【Objective】 It is of great significance to determine the developmental status of male moths trapped by sex pheromone for objective evaluation of the effect of mass trapping. This study aims to research the internal reproductive system and developmental age of Spodoptera litura, determine the development situation of male moths captured in the field and the nature of insect source, and to provide a theoretical basis for the application of sex pheromone trapping of S. litura.【Method】 In 2014 and 2015, after eclosion from the laboratory-reared pupae, 1-10 day-old male moths were dissected under the microscope. The criterion of the developmental age of male S. litura moths was determined by the long semi-axis of testis. Using this criterion, the day-old of male moths captured daily with sex pheromone trapping in the fields of Dongpo and Jintang counties of Sichuan Province from 2015 to 2017 was identified. The effect of trapping male moths on mating behaviors and patterns was then analyzed.【Result】 The internal reproductive system of male S. litura moths was composed of testis, vas deferens, seminal vesicle, ejaculatory duct and accessory gland. The structure of testis was stable, elastic and easily-measured. With the increase of age, the length of long semi-axis of testis gradually decreased. The mean value of long semi-axis of testis of 10-day-old males decreased by 44.71%, compared with that of 1-day-old male testis (1 103.54 μm). The relationship equation between the long semi-axis (y) and day-old (x) was y=-48.52x+1084 (R 2=0.9472, RMSE=36.8). There were significant differences in the length of long semi-axis of testis among the age groups of 1-5, 6-8 and 9-10 day-old. The criterion table displaying the relationship between the day-old of male moths and the length of long semi-axis of testis was built to identify the age of male moths captured by pheromone trapping in the field. Similar day-age structures of male moths were found in Jintang from 2015 to 2017 and in Dongpo in 2017, with lower percentages of older male moths. Specifically, the mean percentage of 1-day-old male moths captured by sex pheromone trapping in Jintang was 39.89%, and that of 2- and 3 day-old was 21.42% and 15.75%, respectively. In other words, 1-3 day-old male moths accounted for 72.22%-79.02% in total, and the percentage from 5- to 10-day-old male moths was below 10%. In Dongpo, the percentage of 1-, 2- and 3-day-old male moths was 39.93%, 20.79% and 19.54%, respectively, as a total of 80.26%, after 5-day-old of age, the percentage was relatively small. The mean percentage of male moths of each day-old decreased exponentially with age. The daily trapping dynamic showed the 3 generations of adults in the fields of Jintang and Dongpo from the end of April to the end of August. The male moths of the 1st and 2nd generations were mainly between ages of 1-3 day-old, and the ratio of younger moths (1-3 day-old) of Jintang to older moths (4-10 day-old) was 3.32 and 1.54, and that of younger moth to older moths in Dongpo was 3.34 and 1.58, respectively. With increased numbers of adults in Dongpo, the majority of 3rd generation was older moths, with the ratio of younger moths to older moths of 0.76, which was lower than that of Jintang (2.34).【Conclusion】 The size of the testis of male S. litura moth can reflect its day-age. Male moths captured through sex pheromone trapping are mainly composed of 1-3 day-old, which is beneficial to reduce mating rate in the current generation and the whole population in the next ones.

Key words: Spodoptera litura, male moth, internal reproductive system, day-old, sex pheromone trapping