陕北农牧交错带土地利用方式对土壤物理性质及分布特征的影响

doi:10.3864/j.issn.0578-1752.2013.08.011

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 【目的】研究不同土地利用对土壤物理性质及分布特征的影响。【方法】于2010年利用野外采样和室内分析的方法研究陕北农牧交错带坡面谷子地、山杏地、苜蓿地和长芒草地之间土壤物理性质的差异及剖面分布特征。【结果】不同土地利用方式下土壤容重、毛管孔隙度和土壤持水量存在显著性差异，土壤颗粒组成和饱和导水率的差异性不显著。4种土地利用方式的土壤体积分形维数为：苜蓿地（2.490）＞山杏地（2.485）＞长芒草地（2.459）＞谷子地（2.445），说明谷子地土壤颗粒粗化严重。田间持水量的大小表现为：苜蓿地（18.02%）＞山杏地（17.49%）＞长芒草地（17.19%）＞谷子地（14.27%），说明林地和草地土壤的透水性、通气性和持水能力比较协调。土壤物理特性的剖面分布特征也存在明显差异，其中谷子地的土壤物理特性变化较剧烈，表现为波动性，而苜蓿地、长芒草地和山杏地的土壤容重表现为增长型，孔隙度和饱和导水率呈现出降低趋势。【结论】不合理的耕作、增强开垦强度会导致土壤孔隙性恶化、土壤结构破坏，应退耕还林还草，种植长芒草、山杏、柠条等与当地生态环境相适应的植被，促进该区域土壤质量的改善。

关键词: 农牧交错带 , 土地利用 , 土壤物理性质 , 分形维数 , 分布特征

Abstract: 【Objective】The land use types can lead to the differences of land cover conditions which influence the changes of soil properties and cause different environmental effects. 【Method】 Field sampling and lab analysis were combined to identify the soil physical properties and their profile distributional characteristics for millet, almond, alfalfa and S. bungeana in farming-pastoral ecotone of northern Shaanxi in 2010. 【Result】 The results showed that the differences in soil bulk density, capillary porosity and water holding capacity were significant in different land use types, while there were no significant differences in soil particle composition and saturated hydraulic conductivity. The soil fractal dimension values under different land use types decreased in the following order: alfalfa (2.490) ＞almond (2.485) ＞S. bungeana (2.459) ＞millet (2.445), which showed that soil particles were coarsened seriously on the land of millet. The field water capacity decreased in the following order: alfalfa (18.02%) ＞almond (17.49%) ＞S. bungeana (17.19%) ＞millet (14.27%), which indicated that water permeability, aeration and water holding capacity of soil on woodland and grassland were compatible. The distribution characteristics of soil physical properties were obviously different in profile. The soil physical properties changed greatly and showed volatility in the profile of millet land. The bulk density increased, while the soil capillary porosity and saturated hydraulic conductivity decreased gradually on the land of alfalfa, almond and S. bungeana as the soil depth increased. 【Conclusion】The research demonstrated that the farming cultivation could worsen the soil porosity and destroy the soil structure. Consequently, the conversion of cropland to forest and grassland project should be strongly carried out, and almond, alfalfa and Stipa bungeana suitable for the local ecological environment should be planted to improve the soil quality of the region.

Key words: farming-pastoral ecotone , land use , soil physical properties , fractal dimension , distribution characteristic

白一茹, 王幼奇, 展秀丽. 陕北农牧交错带土地利用方式对土壤物理性质及分布特征的影响[J]. 中国农业科学, 2013, 46(8): 1619-1627.

BAI Yi-Ru, WANG You-Qi, ZHAN Xiu-Li. Effects of Different Land Use Types on Soil Physical Properties and Their Distributions in Farming-Pastoral Ecotone of Northern Shaanxi[J]. Scientia Agricultura Sinica, 2013, 46(8): 1619-1627.

0
/ / 推荐

导出引用管理器 EndNote|Reference Manager|ProCite|BibTeX|RefWorks

链接本文: https://www.chinaagrisci.com/CN/10.3864/j.issn.0578-1752.2013.08.011

https://www.chinaagrisci.com/CN/Y2013/V46/I8/1619

参考文献

[1]刘纪远, 张增祥, 庄大方, 王一谋, 周万村, 张树文, 李仁东, 江南, 吴世新. 20世纪90年代中国土地利用变化时空特征及其成因分析. 地理研究, 2003, 22(1): 1-12.

Liu J Y, Zhang Z X, Zhuang D F, Wang Y M, Zhou W C, Zhang S W, Li R D, Jiang N. A study on the spatial-temporal dynamic changes of land-use and driving forces analyses of China in the 1990s. Geographical Research, 2003, 22(1): 1-12. (in Chinese)

[2]Chuluun T, Ojima D. Land use change and carbon cycle in arid and semi-arid lands of East and Central Asia. Science of China: Series C, 2002, 45(z1): 48-54.

[3]王幼奇, 樊军, 邵明安, 王全九. 黄土高原水蚀风蚀交错区三种植被蒸散特征. 生态学报, 2009, 29(10): 5386-5394.

Wang Y Q, Fan J, Shao M A, Wang Q J. Evapotranspiration of three types of plants in water-wind erosion crisscross regions in the Loess Plateau. Acta Ecologica Sinica, 2009, 29(10): 5386-5384. (in Chinese)

[4]Martínez M L, Pérez-Maqueo O, Vázquez G, Castillo-Campos G, García-Franco J, Mehltreter K, Equihua M, Landgrave R. Effects of land use change on biodiversity and ecosystem services in tropical montane cloud forests of Mexico. Forest Ecology and Management, 2009, 258(9): 1856-1863.

[5]Hao H M, Ren Z Y. Land use/land cover change (LUCC) and eco-environment response to LUCC in farming-pastoral zone, China. Agricultural Sciences in China, 2009, 8(1): 91-97.

[6]Wei W, Chen L, Fu B, Huang Z, Wu D, Gui L. The effect of land uses and rainfall regimes on runoff and soil erosion in the semi-arid loess hilly area, China. Journal of Hydrology, 2007, 335(3): 247-258.

[7]李广, 黄高宝. 雨强和土地利用方式对黄土丘陵区水土流失的影响. 农业工程学报, 2009, 25(11): 85-90.

Li G, Huang G B. Effects of rainfall intensity and land use on soil and water loss in loess hilly region. Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering, 2009, 25(11): 85-90. (in Chinese)

[8]张超, 刘国彬, 薛萐, 宋籽霖, 张昌胜. 黄土丘陵区不同植被类型根际土壤微团聚体及颗粒分形特征. 中国农业科学, 2011, 44(3): 507-515.

Zhang C, Liu G B, Xue S, Song Z L, Zhang C S. Fractal features of rhizosphere soil microaggregate and particle-size distribution under different vegetation types in the hilly-gully region of Loess Plateau. Scientia Agricultura Sinica, 2011, 44(3): 507-515. (in Chinese)

[9]连纲, 郭旭东, 傅伯杰, 虎陈霞. 黄土高原小流域土壤容重及水分空间变异特征. 生态学报, 2006, 26(3): 647-654.

Lian G, Guo X D, Fu B J, Hu C X. Spatial variability of bulk density and soil water in a small catchment of the Loess Plateau. Acta Ecologica Sinica, 2006, 26(3): 647-654. (in Chinese)

[10]张迪, 韩晓增. 长期不同植被覆盖和施肥管理对黑土活性有机碳的影响. 中国农业科学, 2010, 43(13): 2715-2723.

Zhang D, Han X Z. Changes of black soil labile organic carbon pool under different vegetation and fertilization managements. Scientia Agricultura Sinica, 2010, 43(13): 2715-2723. (in Chinese)

[11]Wairiu M, Lal R. Tillage and land use effects on soil microporosity in Ohio, USA and Kolombangara, Solomon Islands. Soil and Tillage Research, 2006, 88(1): 80-84.

[12]Giertz S, Junge B, Diekkrüger B. Assessing the effects of land use change on soil physical properties and hydrological processes in the sub-humid tropical environment of West Africa. Physics and Chemistry of the Earth, Parts A/B/C, 2005, 30(8): 485-496.

[13]吴文斌, 杨鹏, 唐华俊. 土地利用对土壤性质影响的区域差异研究. 中国农业科学, 2007, 40(8): 1697-1702.

Wu W B, Yang P, Tang H J. Regional Variability of Effects of Land Use System on Soil Properties. Scientia Agricultura Sinica, 2007, 40(8): 1697-1702. (in Chinese)

[14]常庆瑞, 安韶山, 刘京, 文治国. 陕北农牧交错带土地荒漠化本质特性研究. 土壤学报, 2003, 40(4): 518-523.

Chang Q R, An S S, Li J, Wen Z G. study on the characteristic of land desertification in the agriculture and animal husbandry interlace zone of northern shaanxi. Acta Pedologica Sinica, 2003, 40(4): 518-523. (in Chinese)

[15]王云强, 张兴昌, 从伟, 魏清才. 黄土区不同土地利用方式坡面土壤含水率的空间变异性研究. 农业工程学报, 2006, 22(12): 65-71.

Wang Y Q, Zhang X C, Cong W, Wei Q C. Spatial variability of soil moisture on slope-land under different land uses on the Loess Plateau. Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering, 2006, 22(12): 65-71. (in Chinese)

[16]李裕元, 邵明安, 陈洪松, 霍竹, 郑纪勇. 水蚀风蚀交错带植被恢复对土壤物理性质的影响. 生态学报, 2010, 30(16): 4306-4316.

Li Y Y, Shao M A, Chen H S, Huo Z, Zheng J Y. Impacts of vegetation recovery on soil physical properties in the cross area of wind-water erosion. Acta Ecologica Sinica, 2010, 30(16): 4306-4316. (in Chinese)

[17]Wang Y Q, Shao M A. Spatial variability of soil Physical properties in a region of the loess plateau of PR China subject to wind and water erosion. Land Degradation & Development, 2011, DOI: 10.1002/ ldr.1128.

[18]王国梁, 周生路, 赵其国. 土壤颗粒的体积分形维数及其在土地利用中的应用. 土壤学报, 2005, 42(4): 545-550.

Wang G L, Zhou S L, Zhao Q G. Volume fractal dimension of soil particles and its applications to land use. Acta Pedologica Sinica, 2005, 42(4): 545-550. (in Chinese)

[19]杨培岭, 罗远培, 石元春. 用粒径的重量分布表征的土壤分形特征. 科学通报, 1993, 38(20): 1896-1899.

Yang P L, Luo Y P, Shi Y C. Soil fractal characteristics measured by mass of particle-size distribution. Chinese Science Bulletin, 1993, 38(20): 1896-1899. (in Chinese)

[20]查轩, 黄少燕. 植被破坏对黄土高原加速侵蚀及土壤退化过程的影响. 山地学报, 2001, 19(2): 109-114.

Zha X, Huang S Y. Effects of vegetation destruction on accelecated erosion and soil degradation processes on loess plateau. Journal of Mountain Science, 2001, 19(2): 109-114. (in Chinese)

[21]胡云锋, 刘纪远, 庄大方, 曹红霞, 闫慧敏. 不同土地利用/土地覆盖下土壤粒径分布的分维特征. 土壤学报, 2005, 42(2): 336-339.

Hu Y F, Liu J Y, Zhang D F, Cao H X, Yan H M. Franctal dimension of soil patticle size distribution under different land use/land converage. Acta Pedologica Sinica, 2005, 42(2): 336-339. (in Chinese)

[22]朱冰冰, 李占斌, 李鹏, 沈中原, 卢金伟. 土地退化/恢复中土壤可蚀性动态变化. 农业工程学报, 2009, 25(2): 56-61.

Zhu B B, Li Z B, Li P, Shen Z Y, Lu J W. Dynamic changes of soil erodibility during process of land degradation and restoration. Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering, 2009, 25(2): 56-61(in Chinese)

[23]黄林, 王峰, 周立江, 黄茹, 齐代华, 魏刚. 不同森林类型根系分布与土壤性质的关系. 生态学报, 2012, 32(19): 6110-6119.

Huang L, Wang F, Zhou L J, Huang R, Qi D H, Wei G. Root distribution in the different forest types and their relationship to soil properties. Acta Ecologica Sinica, 2012, 32(19): 6110-6119. (in Chinese)

[24]张建国, 刘淑珍, 宋述军, 李勇. 不同土地利用方式对黄土坡地土壤水稳性团聚体和总孔隙度的影响. 山地学报, 2009, 20(S1): 119-124.

Zhang J G, Liu S Z, Song S J, Li Y. Effect of different land use ong soil water-stable aggregate and soil total porosity of slope land in loess plateau. Journal of Mountain Science, 2009, 20(S1): 119-124. (in Chinese)

[25]成向荣, 黄明斌, 邵明安, 樊军. 紫花苜蓿和短花针茅根系分布与土壤水分研究. 草地学报, 2008, 16(2): 170-175.

Cheng X R, Huang M B, Shao M A, Fan J. Root Distribution and Soil Water Dynamics of Medicago sativa L and Stipa brevif lora Griseb. Acta Agrestia Sinica, 2008, 16(2): 170-175. (in Chinese)

[26]韩凤朋, 郑纪勇, 张兴昌. 黄土退耕坡地植物根系分布特征及其对土壤养分的影响. 农业工程学报, 2009, 25(2): 50-55.

Han F P, Zheng J Y, Zhang X C. Plant root system distribution and its effect on soil nutrient on slope land converted from farmland in the Loess Plateau. Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering, 2009, 25(2): 50-55.(in Chinese)

[27]杨丽雯, 张永清. 4种旱作谷类作物根系发育规律的研究. 中国农业科学, 2011, 44(11): 2244-2251.

Yang L W, Zhang Y Q. Developing patterns of root systems of four cereal crops planted in dryland areas. Scientia Agricultura Sinica, 2011, 44(11): 2244-2251. (in Chinese)

[28]赵忠, 李鹏, 王乃江. 渭北主要造林树种根系抗旱性研究. 水土保持研究, 2000, 7(1): 92-94.

Zhao Z, Li P, Wang N J. Researches on Vertical Root Distributions and Drought Resistance of Main Planting Tree Species in Weibei Loess Plateau. Journal of Soil and Water Conservation, 2000, 7(1): 92-94. (in Chinese)

[29]邱莉萍, 张兴昌. 子午岭不同土地利用方式对土壤性质的影响. 自然资源学报, 2006, 21(6): 965-972.

Qiu L P, Zhang X C. Effects of land use on soil properties in ziwuling region. Journal of Natural Resources, 2006, 21(6): 965-972. (in Chinese)

[30]彭文英, 张科利, 陈瑶, 杨勤科. 黄土坡耕地退耕还林后土壤性质变化研究. 自然资源学报, 2005, 20(2): 272-278.

Peng W Y, Zhang K L, Chen Y, Yang Q K. Research on soil quality change after returning farmland to forest on the loess sloping croplands. Journal of Natural Resources, 2005, 20(2): 272-278. (in Chinese)

[31]李志, 刘文兆, 王秋贤. 黄土塬区不同地形部位和土地利用方式对土壤物理性质的影响. 应用生态学报, 2008, 19(6): 1303-1308.

Li Z, Liu W Z, Wang Q X. Effects of land use type and slope position on soil physical properties in loess tableland area. Chinese Journal of Applied Ecology, 2008, 19(6): 1303-1308. (in Chinese)