不同细胞质小麦雄性不育系及杂种F1叶绿体的观察与比较

doi:10.3864/j.issn.0578-1752.2012.10.001

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 【目的】研究CMS小麦叶绿体显微结构的特性，探讨CMS与叶绿体结构的关系，揭示CMS机理。【方法】以K、V、T型同核异质不育系（A）、保持系（B）冀5418、育性恢复的F1和各自的质供体粘果山羊草（Aegilops kotschyi）、偏凸山羊草（Aegilops ventricosa）、提莫菲维小麦（Triticum timopheevii）为试验材料，运用透射电镜技术分析研究旗叶叶绿体的特性及差异。【结果】（1）K、V、T型不育系旗叶叶绿体结构异常，表现为基粒片层之间界限模糊、消失，发育滞后，与基粒连接的类囊体不发达，甚至断裂，整个片层排列紊乱。保持系冀5418叶绿体紧贴细胞内膜，基粒片层清晰，排列整齐，基粒之间的类囊体清晰可见，发育完好。（2）保持系每个细胞的叶绿体数量为24.1个，形状为长椭圆形。K型不育系为19.8个，T型不育系为18.4个，与保持系差异显著（F=40.47，Pr＜0.0001），叶绿体形状都呈圆形。V型不育系叶绿体数量为24.8个，显著高于其它两系（F=40.47，Pr＜0.0001），与保持系差异不显著（F=40.47，Pr＜0.0001），形状呈长椭圆形。（3）Aegilops kotschyi、Triticum timopheevii型质供体的叶绿体形状为圆形，Aegilops ventricos型质供体为椭圆形，叶绿体片层模糊，类囊体不发达，K、V、T型不育系叶绿体显微结构与其相似，来源一致。（4）K、T、V型不育系杂种叶绿体形状都呈椭圆形，紧贴细胞内膜，双层外膜清晰，基质浓厚，基粒片层清晰，且充满整个基质，基粒之间的类囊体清晰可见。【结论】K、T型雄性不育系叶绿体数目少于保持系，而V型叶绿体数目与保持系相当。三种不育系叶绿体结构、形状表现异常，具有明显的胞质效应；恢复基因不仅能恢复K、V、T型不育系的育性，且能使其叶绿体结构、形状恢复正常，具有生产应用价值。

关键词: K、V、T型不育系, 细胞质雄性不育, 叶绿体, 电镜观察

Abstract: 【Objective】The aim of this study was to dicuss the relationship between CMS and chloroplast microstructure and to reveal the mechanism of CMS by investigating chloroplast micro-structural characters in CMS male-sterile lines.【Method】The experiment was conducted with cultivars of the K, V, T-type CMS lines, the common maintainer Ji 5418, the F1 hybrids and the cytoplasmic donors under field conditions. The transmission electron microscope was used to investigate the features and expression differences of the chloroplast microstructure of the flag leaf.【Result】 The chloroplast structure of K, V, T-type CMS lines were anomalous and showed that the boundaries of grana lamella of the choloraplast of were fuzzy, even disappeared, and also lag behind normal development. Meanwhile, the thylakoids among grana lamella were under developed and even ruptured, with the whole lamella disordered. But the maintainer line(B) Ji 5418’s chloroplast was in good condition and close to the intima, the grana lamella clear and in order, and the thylakoid among grana was clearly visible. The number of chloroplasts per cell of the maintainer line was significantly different from K- and V-type (F=40.47, Pr＜0.0001), with 19.8 in K-type and 18.4 in T-type, respectively. Moreover, the K-and T-type CMS lines had round chloroplast. The number of chloroplasts per cell in CMS V-type is 24.8, which was observably higher than that of CMS K and T-type (F=40.47, Pr＜0.0001), but did not significantly differ from the maintainer line (F=40.47, Pr＜0.0001), with the number of chloroplasts of 24.1. Besides, the oblong chloroplast was found in CMS V-type CMS line and maintainer line. The donors of Aegilops kotschyi and Triticum timopheevii had round chloroplast, and oblong in Aegilops ventricos. Their boundaries of grana lamella of the choloraplast were fuzzy, the thylakoids among grana lamella were under developed and even ruptured. That is similar to K-, V-, T-type CMS lines, and they have the same source. The three kinds of chloroplasts of (A×R) F1 were oblong and close to the cell intimal. Their bi-layer epicyte were clear and cytoplasm were dense. Meanwhile, the cytoplasm was filled with grana and the thylakoids among grana were vivid and visible.【Conclusion】The number of chloroplast per cell in the maintainer line is higher than that of CMS K and T-type, but not different with CMS V-type. The CMS lines have abnormal chloroplasts, and significant cytoplasmic effect. Undoubtedly, restorer gene can not only restore fertility of the K, V, T-type CMS, but also make the chloroplast structure normal. Results of this experiment possesses values of production and application in wheat breeding.

Key words: K -, V-, T-type CMS lines, CMS, chloroplast, transmission electron microscopy

袁凯, 高庆荣, 张保雷, 于松, 李楠楠, 张磊, 刘桓, 杨志远, 付修义. 不同细胞质小麦雄性不育系及杂种F1叶绿体的观察与比较[J]. 中国农业科学, 2012, 45(10): 1887-1894.

YUAN Kai, GAO Qing-Rong, ZHANG Bao-Lei, YU Song, LI Nan-Nan, ZHANG Lei, LIU Huan, YANG Zhi-Yuan, FU Xiu-Yi. Observation and Comparison of Chloroplast Structure in Hybrid and Different Cytoplasmic Male-sterile Wheat Lines[J]. Scientia Agricultura Sinica, 2012, 45(10): 1887-1894.

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