日粮Lys、Met和Thr添加模式对0—2月龄犊牛生长性能、消化代谢与血清学生化指标的影响

doi:10.3864/j.issn.0578-1752.2011.09.017

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 【目的】研究日粮中不同赖氨酸（Lys）、蛋氨酸（Met）和苏氨酸（Thr）的添加模式对0—2月龄荷斯坦犊牛的生长性能、物质代谢及血清学指标的影响。【方法】采用氨基酸部分扣除法。选用24头新生犊牛随机分为4个处理组：氨基酸相对平衡（PC）组代乳品Lys、Met、Thr含量依次为2.34%、0.72%及1.80%；其余3个处理组是依次将PC组中的Lys、Met和Thr扣除30%，非扣除的氨基酸保持不变。于试验0、2、4、6和8周龄晨饲前称重、采集血液样品进行分析，并分别在犊牛2—3周龄和5—6周龄期间进行2期消化代谢试验。【结果】随着周龄的增加，犊牛日增重（ADG）和饲料转化率（G/F）均显著提高（P＜0.05）；PC（氨基酸相对平衡）组全期G/F最高（P＜0.05）。以最大N沉积为指标，3种氨基酸的限制性顺序依次为Lys、Met和Thr，2—3周龄需求比例依次为100﹕29﹕70，5—6周龄需求比例为100﹕30﹕60。以最大ADG为指标，0—2周龄需求比例为100﹕35﹕63，Lys和Met处于同等限制性，Thr为第三限制性；4—6周龄需求比例为100﹕27﹕67，3种氨基酸限制性顺序为Lys、Met和Thr。以最大G/F为指标，0—2周龄需求比例为100﹕26﹕56，Lys和Met处于同等限制性，Thr为第三限制性；4—6周龄需求比例为100﹕23﹕54，3种氨基酸限制性顺序为Lys、Met和Thr。PC组对氮的代谢和对DM、OM和EE的表观消化率均优于其它氨基酸部分扣除组。血清TP和Glu含量均受氨基酸处理组和周龄的影响（P ＜0.05）；BUN含量相对稳定。【结论】不同的评价指标（最大N沉积、ADG和G/F）和不同生长阶段得出的Lys、Met和Thr的限制性顺序和比例是不同的；氨基酸相对平衡的日粮组犊牛在生长性能、消化代谢和血清指标方面均优于其它3组。

关键词: 犊牛 , 代乳品 , 氨基酸模式 , 赖氨酸 , 蛋氨酸 , 苏氨酸

Abstract: 【Objective】 This study was conducted to investigate the effect of dietary addition pattern of lysine (Lys), methionine (Met) and threonine (Thr) on growth performance, nutrient digestion and metabolism, and serum biochemical parameters in calves at the ages of 0-2 months. 【Method】 A partial deduction method was used to form different amino acid (AA) patterns from individual AA. Twenty-four calves were randomly assigned into 4 diet treatments: positive control (PC) and other 3 AA patterns from Lys, Met, Thr, respectively. In PC diet treatment, milk replacer was well balanced with Lys (2.34%), Met (0.72%) and Thr (1.80%); other 3 diets treatments were deducted from PC milk replacers with either Lys, Met or Thr at 30% (PC-Lys, PC-Met and PC-Thr), respectively. Blood were sampled at wk 0, 2, 4, 6, and 8 for measurement of serum metabolites. During wk 2-3 and wk 5-6, fecal and urine samples were collected for determination of the digestibility of nutrients and N retention. 【Result】 Both average daily gains (ADG) and feed efficiency (gain/feed, G/F) were improved significantly as age advanced (P＜0.05). The average G/F was the highest in PC group (P＜0.05). Based on N retention of calves, the limiting sequence of the 3 AAs were ranked as Lys, Met and Thr; the proper ratio was 100﹕29﹕70 for 2- to 3-wk-old and 100﹕30﹕60 for 5- to 6-wk-old calves. According to the ADG data for calves from 0 to 2 wk old, Lys was co-limiting with Met, Thr was the third-limiting AA, and the proper proportion of Lys﹕Met﹕Thr was 100﹕35﹕63. For the calves aged from 4 to 6 wk old, the limiting sequence of the 3 AAs was Lys, Met, Thr, and the proper ratio was 100﹕27﹕67. According to the data of G/F for calves from 0 to 2 wk old, Lys was co-limiting AA together with Met, Thr was the third-limiting AA, and the proper ratio was 100﹕26﹕56. For the calves aged from 4 to 6 wk old, the limiting sequence of 3 AAs were Lys, Met and Thr, and the proper ratio was 100﹕23﹕54. Both N retention and apparent digestibility of DM, OM and EE was higher in PC group than the other 3 groups. The serum concentrations of total protein and glucose were significantly affected by dietary treatments and ages (P＜0.05), while the serum urea nitrogen remained relatively stable. 【Conclusion】 The limiting sequence and proper ratios of Lys, Met and Thr varied with different parameters, such as N retention, ADG or G/F and ages. The diet with relatively balanced Lys, Met and Thr can improve growth performance, and nutrient utilization in calves.

Key words: calves , milk replacer , amino acids pattern , lysine , methionine , threonine

王建红，刁其玉，许先查，屠焰，张乃锋，云强. 日粮Lys、Met和Thr添加模式对0—2月龄犊牛生长性能、消化代谢与血清学生化指标的影响[J]. 中国农业科学, 2011, 44(9): 1898-1907.

WANG Jian-hong, DIAO Qi-yu, XU Xian-cha, TU Yan, ZHANG Nai-feng, YUN Qiang. Effects of Dietary Addition Pattern of Lysine, Methionine and Threonine in the Diet on Growth Performance, Nutrient Digestion and Metabolism, and Serum Biochemical Parameters in Calves at the Ages of 0-2 Months[J]. Scientia Agricultura Sinica, 2011, 44(9): 1898-1907.

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