关键词: 灌水处理, 强筋小麦, 耗水特性, 淀粉组分, 粒重, 籽粒产量

Abstract:

【Objective】 The objective of this experiment was to study the effect of different irrigation treatments on characteristics of water consumption, grain starch components accumulation, grain weight and yield in wheat under different soil texture, so as to provide a theoretical basis for water-saving and high-yield cultivation of wheat. 【Method】 The research was carried out with strong gluten wheat cultivar Jimai 20 by setting different irrigation times and amounts in wheat growth seasons in 2004-2005 and 2006-2007, Water balance measurement was used to calculate water consumption amount during the wheat growth period, and Dual-Wavelength Spectrophotometry was used to determine the amylose and amylopectin content, then the starch accumulation amount was calculated. 【Result】 In the 2004-2005 growth season(in clay-soil field), 60 mm of water being irrigated respectively at pre-sowing stage, jointing stage and anthesis stage in W1 treatment (the grain yield under this treatment was 8 701.23 kg•hm-2) and 60mm of water was irrigated respectively at pre-sowing stage, pre-winter stage, jointing stage and anthesis stage in W2 treatment(the grain yield in this treatment was 9 159.30 kg•hm-2). The water consumption amount was lower in treatment W1 than that in treatment W2, while precipitation enjoy a higher percentage in water consumption amount in W1 treatment, and irrigation efficiency and water use efficiency were higher, but soil water use efficiency had no significant difference between W1 and W2 treatments. The grain weight at maturity had no significant difference among all the treatments. In the 2006-2007 growth season (in sandy-soil field), treatment W3’ under which 60mm of water was irrigated respectively at pre-sowing stage, pre-winter stage, jointing stage and anthesis stage got the highest grain yield. There was no significant difference in water consumption amount and the percentage of precipitation in water consumption amount between treatment W3’ and other irrigation treatments, while the soil water and precipitation use efficiency and water use efficiency were higher in treatment W3’ than those in other irrigation treatments, but the irrigation water use efficiency was lower in treatment W3’ than those in other irrigation treatments. The grain weight had no significant difference between treatment W3’ and W2’ which was irrigated 60 mm of water at pre-sowing stage, jointing stage and anthesis stage respectively, but were higher than that of other treatments. Treatment W1 had higher soil water relative content in 0-140 cm soil layer at pre-winter stage and anthesis stage in 0-80 cm soil layer at jointing stage than those in treatment W0 which no irrigation, then 60 mm of water was irrigated respectively at jointing stage and anthesis stage, and the treatment W1 got lower amolyse accumulation amount and higher amylopectin accumulation amount at late grain filling period and higher value of amylopectin content to amolyse content at maturity period than those in treatment W0. Treatment W2 had higher soil water relative content in 80-140 cm soil layer at jointing stage and anthesis stage than those in treatment W1, then 60 mm of water was irrigated respectively at jointing stage and anthesis stage, but the amylopectin accumulation amount, amolyse accumulation amount and grain weight had no significant change. 【Conclusion】 In clay-soil field which has better ability of water conservation, the amolyse accumulation amount was lower in W1 treatment than W0 treatment, and amylopectin accumulation amount and the ratio of amylopectin content to amolyse content in grains in W1 treatment were higher than those in W0 treatment, and the grain yield and water use efficiency were also higher. The increase of irrigation amount had no significant effect on the starch component accumulation amount and grain weight, while water use efficiency was decreased. The highest grain yield and highest water use efficiency were achieved in W3’ treatment in sandy-soil field which had lower ability of soil conservation. The result has provided a reference for the irrigation strategy of wheat production in clay-soil field and sandy-soil field.

Key words: irrigation treatment, strong gluten wheat, water consumption characteristics, starch components, grain weight, grain yield