|
Abstract Compared with single agronomic practices management during grain formation, knowledge about integrated agronomic practices management on grain-filling characteristics and physiological function of endogenous hormones was limited. In order to clarify this issue, two field experiments, integrated agronomic practices management (IAPM), T1 (local conventional cultivation practices), T2 (an optimized combination of cropping systems and fertilizer treatment), T3 (treatment based on high-yield studies), and T4 (further optimized combination of cropping systems and fertilizer treatment), and nitrogen rate testing (NAT) (four nitrogen rates, 0, 129.0, 184.5, and 300.0 kg N ha–1) were performed with summer maize hybrid Zhengdan 958 (ZD958). Results showed that with increased nitrogen rate, the endogenous hormone balance was promoted and the grain-filling characteristics were improved sufficiently to resulting in a significant increase in grain yield. However, the grain-filling characteristics deteriorated and yield was reduced with excessive nitrogen fertilization. However, IAPM could promote hormone balance and improve grain filling characteristic. The indole-3-acetic acid (IAA), zeatin riboside (ZR), and gibberellin (GA3) contents under T2 and T4 treatments were higher and the abscisic acid (ABA) content was lower, and the ZR and GA3 contents under T3 were higher than those under T1. Those resulted in the maximum grain-filling rate (Wmax) and the active grain-filling period (P) under T2, T3 and T4 were significantly increased than those under T1, and hence promoted kernel weight and grain yield. So IAPM promoted hormone balance by improving tillage model, optimizing fertilizer rate and fertilization period, appropriately increasing planting density and delaying harvest, which promoted grain filling rate and lengthened active grain-filling period, finally increased grain yield.
|
Received: 27 February 2019
Accepted:
|
Fund: We are grateful for grants from the National Basic Research Program of China (2015CB150404), the earmarked fund for China Agriculture Research System (CARS-02-18), and the Funds of Shandong “Double Tops” Program, China (SYL2017YSTD02). |
Corresponding Authors:
Correspondence ZHANG Ji-wang, Tel: +86-538-8241485, E-mail: jwzhang@sdau.edu.cn
|
Cite this article:
YU Ning-ning, ZHANG Ji-wang, LIU Peng, ZHAO Bin, REN Bai-zhao.
2020.
Integrated agronomic practices management improved grain formation and regulated endogenous hormone balance in summer maize (Zea mays L.). Journal of Integrative Agriculture, 19(7): 1768-1776.
|
Bao J Y, Zhang J L, Sun D T. 1993. The study of the best harvest period on summer maize. Journal of Maize, 1, 23–25. (in Chinese)
Beckles D, Thitisaksak M. 2014. How environmental stress affects starch composition and flinctionalty in cereal endosperai. Starch-Stärke, 66, 58–71.
Chen X P, Cui Z L, Vitousek P M, Cassman K G, Matson P A, Bai J S, Meng Q F, Hou P, Yue S C, Romheld V, Zhang F S. 2011. Integrated soil-crop system management for food security. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America, 108, 6399–6404.
Fan W J, Luo X L, Zhu Y M. 2016. Endogenous IAA and the activities of starch synthesis key enzymes in cassava hybrids with different starch content. Journal of China Agricultural University, 21, 30–36. (in Chinese)
Jin L B, Cui H Y, Li B, Zhang J W, Dong S T, Liu P. 2012. Effects of integrated agronomic management practices on yield and nitrogen efficiency of summer maize in North China. Field Crops Research, 134, 30–35.
Li X M, Fan J J, Xu Z J, Zhang L J. 2005. Changes of endogenous hormone levels in leaves and grains of hybrid rice and its parents during filling stage. Journal of Jilin Agricultural University, 27, 123–127. (in Chinese)
Liu Y, Ding Y F, Wang Q S, Meng D, Wang S. 2011. Effects of nitrogen and 6-benzylaminopurine on rice tiller bud growth and changes in endogenous hormones and nitrogen. Crop Science, 51, 786–792.
Liu Z, Gao J, Gao F, Ren B Z, Liu P, Zhang J W. 2018. Integrated agronomic practices management improve yield and nitrogen balance in double cropping of winter wheat-summer maize. Field Crops Research, 221, 196–206.
Liu Z, Zhu K L, Dong S T, Zhao B, Liu P, Zhang J W. 2017. Effects of integrated agronomic practices management on root growth and development of summer maize. European Journal of Agronomy, 84, 140–151.
Lu H S, Setter T L. 1993. Endosperm development of maize defective kernel (dek) mutants - Auxin and cytokinin levels. Annals of Botany, 72, 1–6.
Lulsdorf M M, Yuan H Y, Slater S M H, Vandenberg A, Han X, Zaharia L I, Abrams S R. 2013. Endogenous hormone profiles during early seed development of C. arietinum and C. anatolicum. Plant Growth Regulation, 71, 191–198.
Modhej A, Kaihani A, Lack S. 2014. Effect of nitrogen fertilizer on grain yield and nitrogen use efficiency in corn (Zea mays L.) hybrids under irrigated conditions. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences (India Section B: Biological Sciences), 84, 531–536.
Morris R D, Blevins D G, Dietrich J T, Durley R C, Gelvin S B, Gray J, Hommes N G, Kaminek M, Mathews L J, Meilan R, Reinbott T M, Sayavedra-Soto L. 1993. Cytokinins in plant pathogenic bacteria and developing cereal grains. Australian Journal of Plant Physiology, 20, 621–637.
Muradoglu F, Balta F, Battal P. 2010. Endogenous hormone levels in bearing and non-bearing shoots of walnut (Juglans regia L.) and their mutual relationships. Acta Physiologiae Plantarum, 32, 53–57.
Omar A, Saddam H, Muhammad R, Muhammad R, Saqib B, Lirong L, Sajid M, Muhammad I, Rizwan Y, Guoan L. 2018. Correction to: Increasing water productivity, nitrogen economy, and grain yield of rice by water saving irrigation and fertilizer-N management. Environmental Science and Pollution Research, 25, 16616–16619.
Omonode R A, Halvorson A D, Gagnon B, Vyn T J. 2017. Achieving lower nitrogen balance and higher nitrogen recovery efficiency reduces nitrous oxide emissions in North America’s maize cropping systems. Frontier in Plant Science, 8, 1080.
Paponov I A, Sambo P, Schulte G, Erley, Presterl T, Geiger H H, Engels C. 2005. Grain yield and kernel weight of two maize genotypes differing in nitrogen use efficiency at various levels of nitrogen and carbohydrate availability during flowering and grain filling. Plant and Soil, 272, 111–123.
Ren B Z, Zhang J W, Li X, Fan X, Dong S T, Zhao B, Liu P. 2013. Effect of waterlogging on grain filling and quality of summer maize. Scientia Agricultura Sinica, 46, 4435–4445. (in Chinese)
Shen L X, Huang Y K, Ting L I. 2017. Top-grain filling characteristics at an early stage of maize (Zea mays L.) with different nitrogen use efficiencies. Journal of Integrative Agriculture, 16, 626–639.
Subedi K D, Ma B L. 2005. Ear position, leaf area, and contribution ofindividual leaves to grain yield in conventional and leafy maize hybrids. Crop Science, 45, 2246–2257.
Sun Q Q, Wu Y Q, Hu C H. 2005. Physiological activities and multiplication of endosperm cell at filling stage of kernels with different yield potential in maize. Acta Agronomica Sinica, 31, 612–618. (in Chinese)
Suzuki N, Koussevitzky S, Mittler R, Miller G. 2012. ROS and redox signalling in the response of plants to abiotic stress. Plant Cell and Environment, 35, 259–270.
Xie Z J, Jiang D. 2003. Effects of post-anthesis soil water status on the activities of key regulatory enzymes of starch and protein accumulation in wheat grains. Journal of Plant Physiology and Molecular Biology, 135, 1621–1629.
Xu Y J, Gu D J, Zhang B B, Zhang D P, Wang Z Q, Yang J C. 2013. Hormone contents in kernels at different positions on an ear and their relationship with endosperm development and kernel filling in maize. Acta Agronomica Sinica, 39, 1452–1461. (in Chinese)
Yan F G, Sun Y G, Xu H, Yin Y Z, Wang H Y, Wang C Y, Guo C C, Yang Z Y, Sun Y Y, Ma J. 2018. Effects of wheat straw mulch application and nitrogen management on rice root growth, dry matter accumulation and rice quality in soils of different fertility. Paddy and Water Environment, 16, 507–518.
Yan L, Zhang Z D, Zhang J J, Gao Q, Feng G Z, Abelrahman A M, Chen Y. 2016. Effects of improving nitrogen management on nitrogen utilization, nitrogen balance, and reactive nitrogen losses in a Mollisol with maize monoculture in Northeast China. Environmental Science and Pollution Research, 23, 4576–4584.
Yang H M, Zhang X Y, Wang G X. 2004. Cytosolic calcium oscillation signaling in guard cell. Plant Science, 166, 549–556.
Zeng Y H, Zhang Y P, Pan X H, Zhu D F, Xiang J, Chen H Z, Zhang Y K. 2016. Effect of low temperature after flowering on grain filling and plant hormones contents in rice. Acta Agronomica Sinica, 42, 1551–1559. (in Chinese)
Zhai L C, Xie R Z, Ming B, Li S K, Ma D L. 2018. Evaluation and analysis of intraspecific competition in maize: A case study on plant density experiment. Journal of Integrative Agriculture, 17, 2235–2244.
Zhang M, Chen T, Hojatollah L, Feng X M, Cao T H, Qian C R, Deng A X, Song Z W, Zhang W J. 2018. How plant density affects maize spike differentiation, kernel set, and grain yield formation in Northeast China? Journal of Integrative Agriculture, 17, 1745–1757.
Zhang P, Chena X L, Wei T, Yang Z, Jia Z K, Yang B P, Han Q F, Ren X L. 2016. Effects of straw incorporation on the soil nutrient contents, enzyme activities, and crop yield in a semiarid region of China. Soil & Tillage Research, 160, 65–72.
Zhang R X, Liu J H, Niu M, Wang D R, Du Z, Shi C B. 2006. Accumulation and distribution of nutrients of silage maize in different harvest periods, Journal of Maize, 14, 108–112. (in Chinese)
Zhao Y, Tong Y A, Zhao H B. 2006. Effects of different N rates on nutrients accumulation, transformation and yield of summer maize. Journal of Plant Nutrition and Fertilizer, 12, 622–627.
Zhu K L, Jin L B, Dong S T, Zhao B, Liu P, Zhang J W. 2014. Effects of integrated agronomic management practices on leaf senescence physiological characteristic of summer maize. Scientia Agricultura Sinica, 47, 2949–2959. (in Chinese) |
No Suggested Reading articles found! |
|
|
Viewed |
|
|
|
Full text
|
|
|
|
|
Abstract
|
|
|
|
|
Cited |
|
|
|
|
|
Shared |
|
|
|
|
|
Discussed |
|
|
|
|