氮肥施用措施对湖北中稻产量、品质和氮肥利用率的影响

中国农业科学 ›› 2011, Vol. 44 ›› Issue (4): 842-850 .

氮肥施用措施对湖北中稻产量、品质和氮肥利用率的影响

韩宝吉,曾祥明,卓光毅,徐芳森,姚忠清,肖习明,石磊

(华中农业大学资源与环境学院/农业部亚热带农业资源与环境重点实验室)

收稿日期:2010-06-07 修回日期:2010-07-11 出版日期:2011-02-15 发布日期:2011-02-15
通讯作者: 石磊

Effects of Fertilization Measures of Nitrogen (N) on Grain Yield, Grain Quality and N-Use Efficiency of Midseason Rice in Hubei Province

HAN Bao-ji, ZENG Xiang-ming, ZHUO Guang-yi, XU Fang-sen, YAO Zhong-qing,XIAO Xi-ming, SHI Lei

(华中农业大学资源与环境学院/农业部亚热带农业资源与环境重点实验室)

Received:2010-06-07 Revised:2010-07-11 Online:2011-02-15 Published:2011-02-15
Contact: SHI Lei

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

【目的】以湖北省大面积推广的4个中稻品种(珞优8号、国豪杂优1号、丰优22和巨风优72)为试验材料,研究氮肥不同施用对湖北省中稻产量、品质和氮肥利用率的影响。【方法】田间试验设计了5个处理,,分别为不施氮处理(CK)、农民习惯施肥法(FFP)、FFP优化、增氮处理(SHY)和SHY优化,4次重复于2008和2009年分别在湖北赤壁和荆门进行。【结果】湖北赤壁CK处理两年试验的水稻产量均低于湖北荆门,表明荆门的基础地力好于赤壁。两年试验中,与农民习惯施肥法(FFP)相比,赤壁FFP优化、增氮处理(SHY)和SHY优化3个处理都有增产作用,其中2008年增产率分别为10.0%、2.3%和23.2%,2009年增产率分别为16.6%、11.8%和22.6%;荆门FFP优化、SHY、SHY优化3个处理,在2008年略有减产,在2009年增产作用也不显著,仅为2.0%、6.7%和1.7%。与农民习惯施肥法(FFP)相比,赤壁FFP优化和SHY优化,氮肥农学利用率和偏生产力都有显著提高;荆门FFP优化和SHY优化氮肥偏生产力显著提高,而氮肥农学利用率仅略有提高;两年两地SHY处理的氮素利用率各个指标的值均较小。【结论】两个优化处理(FFP优化和SHY优化)的产量和氮肥利用率都达到较高水平,即在当前农民习惯施肥条件下,将氮肥减少20%左右,不仅不会减产反而还会增产增效;在高氮的投入下,高产田水稻增产不明显甚至减产。此外,氮肥优化施用还可以改善稻米的营养品质。

关键词: 水稻, 氮肥, 产量, 品质, 氮肥利用率

Abstract:

【Objective】 Four popular midseason varieties of rice (Luoyou8, Guohaozayou1, Fengyou22 and Jufengyou72) were used to study the effects of application technology of nitrogen (N) on grain yield, grain quality and N-use efficiency in Hubei province. 【Method】Field trials with five N treatments (CK, FFP, modified FFP, SHY and modified SHY) and four replications were conducted synchronously at both Chibi County and Jingmen County, Hubei province in 2008 and 2009, respectively. 【Result】The results showed that grain yield of the control with no N application at Chibi was significantly lower than that at Jingmen both in 2008 and in 2009, which implied that soil N fertility in Jingmen was higher than that in Chibi. Grain yield of modified farmers’ fertilizer practice(FFP), super high yield (SHY) and modified SHY were more than that of FFP at Chibi with yield increase rates 10.0%, 2.3% and 23.2%, respectively, in 2008; and 16.6%, 11.8% and 22.6%, respectively in 2009. However, at Jingmen, grain yield of modified FFP, SHY and modified SHY were lower than that of FFP in 2008 and slightly more than that of FFP in 2009 with yield increase rates 2.0%, 6.7% and 1.7%, respectively. Nitrogen agronomic efficiency (AE) and nitrogen partial factor productivity (PFP) of modified FFP and modified SHY were higher than that of FFP in Chibi. PFP of N of above two treatments was significantly higher, while AE slightly higher than that of FFP at Jingmen. N-use efficiencies (NUE) of SHY at two field trial spots in two years were far lower than that of other treatments. 【Conclusion】 Both modified FFP and modified SHY treatments achieved higher grain yield and higher NUE, which suggested that 20% reduction of nitrogen of FFP could increase grain yield as well as NUE. On the contrary, too much N application would not increase, even reduce grain yield. In addition, the optimized nitrogen management could also improve the grain quality of rice.

Key words: N application, grain yield, grain quality, N-use efficiency

韩宝吉,曾祥明,卓光毅,徐芳森,姚忠清,肖习明,石磊 . 氮肥施用措施对湖北中稻产量、品质和氮肥利用率的影响
[J]. 中国农业科学, 2011, 44(4): 842-850 .

HAN Bao-ji,ZENG Xiang-ming,ZHUO Guang-yi,XU Fang-sen,YAO Zhong-qing,XIAO Xi-ming,SHI Lei
. Effects of Fertilization Measures of Nitrogen (N) on Grain Yield, Grain Quality and N-Use Efficiency of Midseason Rice in Hubei Province
[J]. Scientia Agricultura Sinica, 2011, 44(4): 842-850 .

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